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M Green

Publications and source records attributed to M Green.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Purification and molecular characterization of adenovirus type 2 DNA-binding protein.

An adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA-binding protein was purified by sequential DNA-cellulose, Sephadex G-200, and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, with a yield of 120 mug of binding protein (95 to 99% homogeneity) starting with 2 X 10(9) infected cells. By omitting the Sephadex G-200 step, 400 to 600 mug of 95% pure binding protein was obtained. To obtain high yields of highly purified binding protein, it was necessary to include deoxycholate and Nonidet P-40 at selected stages during the preparation. The highly purified binding protein appeared to have retained its native stage as indicated by: (i) binding to single-stranded but not native Ad2 DNA, (ii) almost complete precipitation by immunoglobulin G from hamsters immunized by extracts of tumors induced by Ad2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses, and (iii) identical sedimentation coefficient with binding protein obtained from DNA-cellulose chromatography only. Zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients and gel filtration revealed that purified binding protein has a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4S and a Stokes radius of 5.2 nm. Based on these two values, a molecular weight of 73,000 was calculated, in agreement with the estimate from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A frictional ratio of 1.88 was calculated, suggesting that the Ad2 DNA-binding protein does not have a typical globular protein structure.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Adenovirus type 2 coded single-stranded DNA binding protein: in vivo phosphorylation and modification.

The adenovirus type 2-coded single-stranded DNA binding protein (DBP) was shown to be a phosphoprotein and to exist in at least two forms that differ in mobility by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After a 30-min pulse with [35S]methionine or 32PO4, 35S- or 32P-labeled DBP had a nominal molecular weight of 74,000 whereas after a 30-min label followed by a 20-h chase, 35S- and 32P-labeled DBP had a nominal molecular weight of 77,000. Both large and small forms of 35S- and 32P-labeled DBP bound to single-stranded DNA-cellulose columns and were eluted by 0.4 to 0.6 M NaCl; both forms also were immunoprecipitated by antiserum against adenovirus type 1-simian virus 40-induced tumor cells (this antiserum contains antibodies against DBP) and by monospecific antiserum against 95 to 99% purified DBP. With highly purified 32P-DBP labeled 7 to 10 h postinfection, it was shown that the 32P radioactivity was firmly associated with protein material (i.e., not contaminating nucleic acids or phospholipids) and had properties expected of a phosphoester of an amino acid; paper electrophoresis of acid hydrolysates of this preparation identified phosphoserine but not phosphothreonine. Phosphoserine but not phosphothreonine was also identified in acid hydrolysates of another preparation of 32P-DBP labeled for 30 min, chased for 20 h, and then immunoprecipitated by adenovirus type 1-simian virus 40 antiserum.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Immunofluorescence study of the adenovirus type 2 single-stranded DNA binding protein in infected and transformed cells.

High-titer monospecific antiserum against highly purified adenovirus 2 (Ad2) single-stranded DNA binding protein (DBP) was used to study, by indirect immunofluorescence (IF), the synthesis of DBP in Ad2-infected human cells and adenovirus-transformed rat, hamster, and human cell lines. In infected cells the synthesis of DBP was first detected in the cytoplasm at 2 to 4 h postinfection and reached a maximum intensity at 6 h postinfection. At this time DBP began to accumulate in the nucleus, where it reached maximum intensity at about 14 h postinfection. The cytoplasmic IF was diffuse, whereas nuclear IF appeared as dots that coalesced into large globules as infection progressed. In cells treated with 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine to inhibit viral DNA synthesis, strong nuclear IF was observed in the form of dots, but the large fluorescent globules were not observed. The Ad2 (oncogenic group C) anti-DBP serum reacted very strongly by IF with Ad5 (group C)-infected, to a lesser extent with Ad7 and Ad11 (group B)-infected, and weakly with Ad12 and Ad18 (group A)-infected KB cells (treated with 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine). These results may indicate that Ad2 DBP is closely related immunologically to DBPs induced early after infection by adenovirus serotypes in oncogenic group C, moderately related to DBPs of serotypes in oncogenic group B, and perhaps distantly related to DBPs of serotypes in oncogenic group A. The following adenovirus-transformed cell lines were examined for DBP synthesis by IF with the Ad2 anti-DBP serum: six rat cell lines (T2C4, F17, 8662, 8638, 8617, and F161) transformed by Ad2 virus, three hamster cell lines transformed by Ad2 virus (Ad2HT1) and Ad2-simian virus 40 hybrid virus (ND1HK1 and ND4HK4), and one rat (5RK) and one human (293-31) cell line transformed by transfection with Ad5 DNA. T2C4 and 8662 appeared weakly positive, whereas Ad2HT1 and ND4HK1 were strongly positive. The other transformed cell lines did not produce DBP detectable by IF. Thus, some but not all transformed cell lines produce DBP, which indicates that DBP is not required for maintenance of cell transformation and that transformed cells can express "nontransforming" viral genes as protein.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Adenovirus type 2 early nuclear and mRNA: kinetic estimation of l anf r DNA strand fractions complementary to different abundance classes of viral RNA.

RNA from unfractionated cells, nuclei, and polyribosomes was extracted from adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-infected KB cells early in infection and annealed in vast excess in liquid to purified Ad2 l (heavy) and r (light) [(32)P]DNA strands (specific activity, 3 x 10(6) to 1.5 x 10(7) cpm/mug). The number of abundance classes of Ad2 RNA, their relative concentrations, and the strand fraction from which they arose were determined by a computer-assisted nonlinear regression analysis of hybridization kinetic data. Whole-cell RNA and nuclear RNA annealed to 60 and 40%, respectively, of l and r strands. Well-defined abundance (kinetic) classes were identified: abundant and scarce classes were complementary to 15 to 17 and 40 to 45%, respectively, of l strand, and to 11 to 16 and 17 to 23%, respectively, of r strand. In whole-cell RNA and nuclear RNA the abundant classes were 57 to 208 and 13 to 27 times more concentrated, respectively, than scarce classes. RNA-RNA hybrids were isolated that annealed to about 70% of both strands, indicating that whole-cell RNA and nuclear RNA hybridization values were minimal. Polyribosomal RNA appeared to anneal as three abundance classes to each DNA strand; abundant, scarce, and very scarce classes, respectively, hybridized to 6, 5, and about 10% of l strand and 7 (6 to 8), 10 (8 to 13), and about 19% of r strand. The abundant classes were 41 (11 to 67) times more concentrated than the scarce classes and 10(3) times more concentrated than the very scarce classes. Although the biological significance of these classes is not known, the very scarce classes probably represent nuclear RNA contaminants of polyribosomal RNA. The abundant and scarce classes may comprise mRNA, because together they are complementary to about the same fraction of each DNA strand (11% [10 to 12%] and 17% [14 to 20%] of l and r strands) known to be expressed as early mRNA. Thus, nuclear RNA contains Ad2 RNA sequences not found on polyribosomes; most or all of both DNA strands are transcribed, but only certain transcripts are processed into mRNA. It is not known whether "non-mRNA" transcripts are intermediates in the pathway of early mRNA production.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Home heating.

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Aged↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of DNA polymerase associated with nuclear membrane fractions from uninfected and adenovirus 2-infected KB cells.

We have isolated a nuclear membrane fraction from KB cells infected with human adenovirus 2 that synthesizes exclusively small viral DNA chains (approx. 9 S) in vitro (Yamashita, T., Arens, M. and Green, M. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3273-3279). The DNA polymerase activity present in the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear membrane complex was purified through chromatography on phosphocellulose and DEAE-cellulose, glycerol gradient centrifuation and DNA-cellulose chromatography. A single peak of enzymatic activity sedimented in glycerol gradients at about 6.7 S which corresponds to a molecular weight of 125000. The enzyme preparation in the step of glycerol gradient centrifugation utilized activated calf thymus, KB cell and adenovirus 2 DNA as template-primer in the presence of Mg2+; Km values for these DNAs were 5.5, 4.0, and 0.8 mug/ml, respectively. The partially purified enzyme preparation was characterized by several criteria which were compared to the properties of the three major mammalian DNA polymerases, alpha, beta, and psi. On the basis of template-primer preference, effect of salt, inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide and Km for dTTP, the DNA polymerase activity from the membrane complex can be distinguished from the alpha and beta DNA polymerases. The elution profile from DNA cellulose revealed a minor peak (I) and a major peak (II) of DNA polymerase activity utilizing poly(A) -(dT)10 as template-primer in the presence of Mn2+ - Peak II from DNA cellulose, which contained about 90% of the total DNA polymerase activity eluted from the column, was 2-3 times as active with poly(A) - (dT)10 as template-primer in the presence of Mn2+ than with activated calf thymus DNA in the presence of Mg2+. On the other hand, peak I had a low ratio of poly(A) - (dT)10 to activated calf thymus DNA activity. DNA polymerase was also purified from the nuclear membrane fraction of uninfected KB cells by the same procedures as those used in enzyme purification from the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear membrane complex. A minor peak and a major peak of DNA polymerase activity utilizing poly(A) - (dT)10 as template primer in the presence of Mn2+ were again observed that eluted from DNA cellulose at the same KCl concentrations as peak I and II from adenovirus 2-infected cells. The enzymes of the nuclear membrane fraction of uninfected KB cells could not be differentiated from the enzymes of the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear membrane complex through any of the purification steps nor by their template specificities. These results indicate that the predominant enzyme in the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear membrane complex and in the KB cell nuclear membrane complex belongs to the class of DNA polymerase psi.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1976

Sweat gland reactivity to local thermal stimulation in dysautonomia.

An attempt has been made to elucidate the cause of hyperhidrosis in dysautonomia by testing sweat gland responsiveness to local application of heat. Heat was applied to the volar surface of the forearm with temperatures of 41.5 C and less for one to ten minutes. For each subject, the minimal duration of heating at the lowest temperature capable of evoking sweating was determined (threshold). Thresholds were significantly lower in all subjects with dysautonomia. Since one control subject, the father of a dysautonomia subject, had the highest threshold, these tests do not permit detection of the heterozygote. A reasonable explanation for enhanced sweating reactivity to local heat application is an increased excitatory state of reflex centers. These patients appear permanently on the verge of generalized sweating likely to result from minimal additional stimulation.

Adolescent↗