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Biomedical subjects

M Green

Publications and source records attributed to M Green.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Nucleotide sequences and mapping of novel heterogenous 5'-termini of adenovirus 2 early region 4 mRNA.

The major 5'-termini of human adenovirus type 2 early gene block 4 mRNA were sequenced. Poly(A+) polyribosomal RNA was isolated from Ad2 early infected cells, the 5'-terminal m7GPPP removed and the 5'-OH of the penultimate 2'-0-methylated nucleotide labeled with [gamma-32P]ATP using polynucleotide kinase. Ad2 E4 mRNA was purified by hybridization to the Ad2 EcoRI-C fragment and was digested with RNase T1. The resulting oligonucleotides were resolved by two dimensional paper electrophoresis-homochromatography. Four major and 3-4 minor 5'-terminal sequences were identified and characterized. The sequence of the 5'-terminal structures of the major four termini are: (1) m7GpppUmU(m)UUACACUGp, (2) m7GpppUmU(m)UACACUGp, (3) m7GpppUmU(m)ACACUGp, and (4) m7Gppp(m6)AmC(m)ACUGp. These major 5'-terminal sequences were aligned with nucleotide 325, 326, 327, and 329 from the righthand end of the known Ad2 DNA sequence (1) in the region mapped as the 5'-terminus of E4 mRNA by electron microscopy (2,3) and S1 nuclease-gel (4) mapping. Two potential ribosomal binding sites and an initiator codon were found at 40 to 65 nucleotides and about 80 nucleotides, respectively, from these heterogenous 5'-termini. Ad2 E4 major mRNA species appear to be unique since mRNA molecules initiate at a pyrimidine, perhaps by RNA polymerase stuttering, or they are products of an unusual type of RNA processing.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1981

Empyema presenting over thirty years after pulmonary tuberculosis.

Four patients are described who presented with empyema between 32 and 53 years after pulmonary tuberculosis had been treated by artificial pneumothorax (A.P.) without chemotherapy. Diagnostic problems included non-specific radiographic features and failure to find a causative organism. Empyema should be considered when patients with old pulmonary tuberculosis deteriorate and there are non-specific radiographic changes. Antituberculosis chemotherapy, or even decortication, may be indicated if a pyogenic organism cannot be found.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A European collaborative study of the Ames assay. I. Results and general interpretation.

Results are presented of a collaborative study between 19 European laboratories on the variability of the Ames test. Examples are shown of various methods that are generally used to evaluate an Ames test without reference to a specific statistical model: the number of revertants per plate, mutation factors (increase over the spontaneous value) and determination of the doubling concentration. Considerable variations between test results occurred, between laboratories as well as within laboratories. Partly this was due to different interpretations of the guidelines given, as these allowed some flexibility. The results were also influenced by other factors, some of which are perhaps not yet generally recognized. Apart from the level and quality of the S9 preparations, the most important factor might be the number and physiological condition of the cells plated. When the results from all experiments were considered together, 60-80% of the test results were found within the half- to two-fold range of the overall median. This might be considered satisfactory for a study not using rigidly standardized test conditions. From the experience with the present study, several recommendations are given for the design and performance of future collaborative studies.

Europe↗
PubMed1981

Immunoautoradiographic detection of proteins after electrophoretic transfer from gels to diazo-paper: analysis of adenovirus encoded proteins.

We describe a method by which complex protein mixtures are fractionated by standard one-dimensional Na-DodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or O'Farrell two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and then are efficiently and rapidly transferred electrophoretically to diazobenzyloxymethyl- or diazophenylthioether-paper and analyzed by immunoautoradiography. The method is illustrated with protein extracts of human KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2. Proteins were transferred from gels without decrease in resolution and with an increase in the sensitivity of detection by autoradiography when [35S]-methionine-labeled proteins were used. When unlabeled proteins were transferred, low levels of virus encoded proteins could be detected by sequential treatment of diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper with anti-adenovirus type 2 virion or anti-73,000 DNA binding protein and 125I-labeled Staphyloccus aureus protein A. Covalently bound viral proteins retained immunologic reactivity after dissociation of the protein A and antibody, By one-dimensional gel transfer/immunoautoradiography, seven virion proteins were detected as prominent bands and several others as weaker bands. By two-dimensional gel transfer/immunoautoradiography, several additional viral proteins were detected. By use of anti-DNA binding protein serum, the Mr 73,000 protein and Mr 41,000-48,000 subspecies were detected. A protein present at a concentration of approximately 1 part in 100,000 of the total protein can be identified in cell extracts. This method may be applicable to various biological problems requiring resolution and detection of small amounts of specific proteins that can be recognized immunologically or that can be detected by binding to specific radiolabeled DNA or RNA sequences or hormones.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1981

Perinatal mortality counseling program for families who experience a stillbirth.

The emotional impact of a stillbirth on a family has only recently begun to be appreciated. Literature regarding the grieving process in these families has been relatively scant and does not often facilitate applied approaches. The Perinatal Mortality Counseling Program (PMCP) at Shands Teaching Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, provides crisis intervention and support for these families as well as serving a research function. This article outlines the program, including its history, composition, procedures, and research.

Counseling↗
PubMed1981

Immunological and chemical identification of intracellular forms of adenovirus type 2 terminal protein.

Highly purified adenovirus type 2 terminal protein (TP) with an apparent M(r) of 55,000 (55K) was prepared in quantities of 10 to 30 mug from guanidine hydrochloride- or sodium dodecyl sulfate-disrupted virions (60 to 120 mg). Guinea pigs were immunized with 14 to 20 injections of TP in amounts of 1 to 2 mug. Antiserum to TP was used to study the intracellular polypeptides related to adenovirus type 2 TP. By immunoprecipitation with anti-TP serum, we identified 80K and 76K polypeptides in the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic S100 fractions of [(35)S]methionine-labeled cells early and late after infection with Ad2. By immunoautoradiographic analysis which eliminates coprecipitation of unrelated proteins, we identified an 80K polypeptide (probably an 80K-76K doublet) in unlabeled, late infected cells, using anti-TP serum and (125)I-labeled staphylococcal protein A. About two- to threefold-higher levels of the 80K and 76K polypeptides were present in the nucleoplasm than in the S100 fraction, and two- to threefold-higher levels were found in late infected cells than in early infected cells (cycloheximide enhanced, arabinofuranosylcytosine treated). We did not detect the 80K or 76K polypeptide in uninfected cells, indicating that these polypeptides are virus coded. Tryptic peptide map analysis showed that the 80K and 76K polypeptides are very closely related and that they share peptides with the DNA-bound 55K TP. Our data provide the first direct demonstration of intracellular 80K and 76K forms of TP. The intracellular 80K and 76K polypeptides are closely related or identical to the 80K polypeptide that Challberg and co-workers (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5105-5109, 1980) detected at the termini of adenovirus DNA synthesized in vitro and to the 87K polypeptide that Stillman and co-workers (Cell 23:497-508, 1981) translated in vitro. We did not detect the 55K TP in early or late infected cells, consistent with the proposal by Challberg and co-workers that the 80K polypeptide is a precursor to the virion-bound TP and that the conversion of the 80K polypeptide to the 55K TP occurs during virus maturation. The 80K and 76K polypeptides have many more methionine-containing tryptic peptides than does the 55K TP, and most of the tryptic peptides unique to the 80K and 76K polypeptides are very hydrophobic. Thus, the conversion of the 80K and 76K polypeptides to the 55K TP may involve the removal of a specific hydrophobic protein region.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1981

Cryptogenic obliterative bronchiolitis in adults.

Patients referred for assessment of severe chronic airflow obstruction over a three-year period were reviewed, and when all smokers and ex-smokers, those with asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other specific pulmonary diagnoses were excluded 10 patients remained. Their clinical, lung function, and bronchographic features were consistent with obliterative bronchiolitis. Nine were women, five had rheumatoid arthritis, and five had survived for more than 10 years after first symptoms. Obliterative bronchiolitis has not previously been considered as a cause of chronic airflow obstruction but the distinctive features suggest that it is a true disease entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Contractile properties and fatigue of the diaphragm in man.

We studied the pressure developed by the diaphragm in response to stimulation of the phrenic nerve in the neck, in three normal men. When the phrenic was electrically stimulated at increasing frequencies the diaphragm responded by increasing transdiaphragmatic pressure to give a frequency-pressure curve similar to the frequency-force curve for other skeletal muscles. The subjects than breathed through an inspiratory resistance for as long as possible and the frequency-pressure curve was repeated. It was found that the diaphragm developed low frequency fatigue, in the same way as previously described for other muscles. We conclude that the diaphragm has contractile properties similar to these of other skeletal muscles. Low frequency fatigue of the diaphragm could contribute to respiratory failure in patients with lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The Neonatal Narcotic Withdrawal Index: a device for the improvement of care in the abstinence syndrome.

Management of 50 experimental newborn infants ill with narcotic withdrawal has been carried out with the aid of an instrument developed for measuring its severity, the Neonatal Narcotic Withdrawal Index (NNWI). With its use, infants exposed to methadone in utero have been successfully cared for with detoxification needed in less than 25% of cases and for durations of less than 2 weeks. The percentage of cases and the length of treatment is much less than is customary for infants who have been prenatally exposed to similar doses of methadone. Validity of the NNWI is shown by the statistically significant difference between the mean scores for experimental and control subjects, a high significant correlation between simultaneously measured scores by separate examiners, statistically significant correlations between subscores and total withdrawal scores for the narcotic-exposed experimental cases, and for this group, a statistically significant correlation between scores of withdrawal and the maternal dose of methadone. The simplicity of the NNWI should help to make it acceptable for use by physicians.

Female↗