Acetazolamide and urolithiasis.
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Acetazolamide↗
Biomedical subjects
M Gordon
Publications and source records attributed to M Gordon.
Perhexiline maleate as a cause of reversible parkinsonism and peripheral neuropathy.
In a 78-year-old woman receiving perhexiline maleate for intractable angina pectoris, a syndrome of parkinsonism and peripheral neuropathy developed. The neuropathy was confirmed by electromyographic and nerve conduction studies. The parkinsonism and peripheral neuropathy disappeared when perhexiline maleate was discontinued.
Aged↗
Diarrhea in lambs: experimental infections with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, rotavirus, and Cryptosporidium sp.
Thirteen gnotobiotic lambs, aged from a few hours to 8 days, were inoculated orally with single infections of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (four animals), lamb rotavirus (five animals), and Cryptosporidium (four animals). Six gnotobiotic and two specific-pathogen-free lambs were co-inoculated with either rotavirus and ETEC (four animals), rotavirus and Cryptosporidium (two animals), or ETEC and Cryptosporidium (two animals). Lambs 4 days of age and older became only subclinically infected with either rotavirus, ETEC (08:K87:K99 ST+), or both enteropathogens given simultaneously. Six-day-old lambs inoculated with Cryptosporidium became extremely depressed, anorectic, and had intermittent diarrhea. There was no difference in the clinical manifestations, level of disaccharidase activity in the small intestine, or extent of histological damage between lambs inoculated with Cryptosporidium alone or together with either of the other two agents. The results indicate that under the conditions of these experiments, lambs become clinically resistant to infection with ETEC, rotavirus, or both agents together, by 4 days after birth, whereas lambs 2 days old or younger were clinically susceptible to infection by these agents. In contrast, they remained clinically susceptible to infection with Cryptosporidium up to at least 6 days of age. Cryptosporidium infections were not aggravated by coinfection with either ETEC or rotavirus.
Animals↗
Rorschach indices of children classified as hyperactive.
The Rorschach protocols of 20 boys (6 to 11 yr.) rated by their teachers as hyperactive and those of 20 nonhyperactive boys were compared along 16 indices, including R, P, M, FM, C, CF, FC, Sum C, A%, H%, F+%, Sum Shading, and the reaction times. The results suggested that children classified as hyperactive produce fewer movement (M) and Human (H) responses but a far greater percentage of Animal (A) responses than the matched clinic control group. Age-related effects occurred within the hyperactive group such that younger hyperactives produced a higher Sum C, a lower H% and F+%, and had shorter reaction times than the older hyperactives. Findings were discussed in terms of the assessment of hyperactivity within a conceptual framework which regards impulsivity as a major underlying dimension.
Age Factors↗
A review of approaches to viral chemotherapy.
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Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
An interactive graphic database microcomputer for clinical control in data intensive therapies.
Experiments showed a small computer could improve access to large concentrations of clinical data in renal dialysis and transplantation and enhance the clinical feedback loop which controls substitute renal function. Interactive access adds a sub-loop which allows close adaptation to clinical use. Prototype software was transferred to an LSI-11 microcomputer with 20 Mbyte cartridge discs, multiple remote VDUs and video graphic displays and printer-plotter. Data capture is both manual and by automatic transfer from laboratory computers. Push-button interaction displays clusters of data, including computed functions, as graphs and tables on variable time scales. programmed scans generate data-base analyses. The system reconfigures for individual sites. The microcomputer version has run routinely for a year and proved a practical tool at acceptable cost. Down-time has been small but strongly resented by medical and nursing staff. The system can accommodate 750 patients, but has also been 'stretched' for an oncology laboratory and configured for other specialities.
Computers↗
Death and injury in aerial spraying: pre-crash, crash, and post-crash prevention strategies.
To prevent crash-related death and injury among spray pilots, a program including pre-crash, crash and post-crash stages of intervention for aircraft, physical environment, and pilots and ground crews was proposed in accordance with a matrix of options derived from road crash epidemiology. In addition to the dangers of fixed obstacles, low-altitude runs, and heavy work schedules, work hazards included combined exposures to noise, vibration, G forces, heat stress, pesticides, and dehydration. Together, these exposures were believed to have produced slight, but crucial decreases in pilot performance, alertness and skill. For aircraft, the major pre-crash measure was cockpit air cooling, with filter technologies to prevent in-flight pesticide exposure. Crash and post-crash design changes to reduce energy transfers to the pilot's body (thermal, kinetic) were the most important recommendations, because absolute prevention of the crash event was unlikely. For the environment, pre-crash recommendations included marking fixed obstacles, such as power and telephone lines, but preferably their elimination. Other measures included drainage pits with sodium hydroxide points to neutralize parathion and prevent dispersion of parathion-containing mists. Pilot pre-crash measures (more fluid intake, biological monitoring--EMG, urinary alkyl phosphate, cholinesterase testing) required special organizational arrangements. Systematic application of options from the foregoing matrix suggest that the high risk of death and injury from aerial spraying is unnecessary.
Accidents, Aviation↗
Potentiation of the cGMP-induced guinea pig acrosome reaction by zinc.
The addition of 8 bromo cGMP (10 mM) immediately (approximately 2 min) upon suspension of Guinea pig sperm in glucose-free BWW medium induces a significant number of acrosome reactions within minutes. The simultaneous addition of micromolar concentrations of ZnCl2 (25-1000 microM) potentiates the cGMP effects. Mid-micromolar concentrations were able to dramatically increase the percentage of acrosome reactions by a factor of 6.5 over 8 bromo cGMP alone. The induction of acrosome reactions was dependent upon external Ca++, and it is suggested that in this species Zn++ functions by affecting cyclic nucleotide metabolism and/or Ca++ flux.
Acrosome↗
Intubation techniques in biliary tract surgery.
In surgical management of diseases of the biliary tract, tubes are frequently used to achieve decompression, stent an anastomosis, or form tracts for later instrumental manipulation. The T tube, the modified Y tube, and the transhepatic tube are each efficacious in particular situations, and should be carefully selected to improve long-term results.
Bile Ducts↗
Induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa by cGMP analogues.
The effect of cyclic nucleotide analgoues upon the immediate induction of the guinea pig acrosome reaction (AR) was studied. Dibutyryl (dB) CGMP and 8-bromo-cGMP, when added to sperm suspensions after varying periods of preincubation in glucose-free BWW medium (NaCl 94.59 mM, KCl 4.7 mM, CaCl2 1.71 mM, KH2PO4 1.19 mM, MgSO4 1.19 mM, NaHCO3 25.07 mM, pyruvate 0.25 mM, lactate 21.58 mM, and bovine seru albumen 1 g/liter), induced the AR in a large proportion of spermatozoa relative to controls. The proportion of ARs induced upon the addition of dB cGMP or 8-bromo-cGMP (10mM) at 1 h was equivalent to that obtained after a 5-h incubation in glucose-free BWW alone. The effect of cGMP analogues was concentration dependent over the tested range of 2-12 mM (less than 1-20%). The simultaneous addition if imidazole (10 mM), a cAMP phosphodiesterase stimulator, potentiated the effect (imidazole + 12 mM 8-bromo-cGMP: 73%). cAMP analogues were without effect. The presence of extracellular Ca++ was required, and it is suggested that a rise in the cGMP/CAMP ratio triggers Ca++ influx and the AR.
Acrosome↗
Bartter's syndrome in a 74-year-old woman: response to anti-inflammatory agents.
The occurrence of Bartter's syndrome is described in a 74-year-old woman with a fractured hip. She showed hypokalemia and elevated levels of plasma renin and aldosterone. Only with difficulty did large doses of potassium supplementation raise the serum potassium level. After discontinuation of the exogenous potassium, there was a good response to treatment with anti-inflammatory agents such as indomethacin and aspirin.
Aged↗
Temporal arteritis: cerebrospinal fluid and brain scan abnormalities (case report).
A 61-year-old man presented with a syndrome suggesting temporal arteritis. Abnormal radioisotope brain scan and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were consistent with a diagnosis of intracranial vasculitis. Although the clinical response to steroids was dramatic, improvement in the CSF abnormalities lagged. Nevertheless, persistent use of steroids in high dosage resulted in normalization of both CSF and brain scan abnormalities.
Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in obstetric and gynecologic surgery: a critical review.
Thirty-three human studies concerned with antimicrobial prophylaxis in obstetric-gynecologic surgery were analyzed, with particular attention to experimental design. Eighty-two percent of the studies were prospective, 70% randomized and 39% double-blind. Patients were stratified according to underlying disease in 15%, complications of prophylaxis were mentioned in 61% of the studies, and statistical analysis was done in 55% of the studies. There was considerable variation in antibiotics employed and in the types of infection encountered. Twenty-seven of the 28 papers published after 1966 advocated prophylaxis. In contrast, less than two thirds of the papers concerned with general surgery support the use of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics. Despite some variability in methodology and antibiotic agents used, there is little controversy among the studies analyzed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Nursing diagnosis: looking at its use in the clinical area.
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Humans↗
Heat stress exposure of aerial spray pilots.
Heat stress (WBGT index) in the cockpits of agricultural spray pilots, and its physiological and subjective effects, were measured for 9 pilots flying in hot weather for a large Israeli aerial spray company. There was concern that heat exposure may be one of the factors involved in a recent increase in the fatal and non-fatal crash rate among Israeli spray pilots. WBGT index calculations were based on sequential cockpit wet bulb, dry bulb, and globe temperatures read when aircraft landed. The WBGT was always above 25 degrees C and exceeded 26.7 degrees C in 70% of observations. In pilots, a daily weight loss of 0.6-1.2% of total body weight was usual, as were rectal temperature increases of 0.5 degrees C. Daily water intakes ranged from less than 100 ml to 2000 ml per workshift. Questionnaires indicated that 42 of 45 pilots said they would drink more fluids if they were provided between flights by ground crews. An unresolved problem was whether conventional threshold standards for heat exposure were set at levels that may produce insidious impairments in pilot psychomotor performance. Cockpit air cooling is suggested as a measure for preventing heat stress in hot climates. However, appropriate filter technologies would be needed to prevent pesticide exposures during flight. Engineering and other measures to prevent heat stress and dehydration should rank high as part of a comprehensive program to protect the health and performance levels of agricultural spray pilots.
Accidents, Aviation↗
Exposures of aerial spray workers to parathion.
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Aerosols↗
Morphologic and biochemical abnormalities of kidney lysosomes in mice with an inherited albinism.
The light-ear mutation in the mouse may serve as a useful model for the human inherited oculocutaneous albinisms such as the Hermansky-Pudlak and Chédiak-Higashi syndromes. The authors have investigated the kidney lysosomes of le/le mutant mice by histochemical methods. A striking increase in the staining reaction for the lysosomal enzymes beta-galactosidase and acid-phosphatase was evident in kidney cortex of the mutant mice, in comparison with +/+ controls. The lysosomal protease, cathepsin C, is also found to be elevated in the mutant. By light microscopy, there appeared to be an increase in the number of lysosomes in mutant kidney. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of large, multilamellar granules in proximal tubule cells. Analysis of sedimentation through sucrose gradients demonstrated the presence of a low-density population of lysosomes in the mutant kidney. In addition, a striking accumulation of ceroidlike pigment was observed. The molecular lesions responsible for the melanolysosomal syndromes in mice and man are still unidentified.
Albinism↗
The assessment of impulsivity and mediating behaviors in hyperactive and nonhyperactive boys.
Twenty boys (6-8 years) rated by their teachers as hyperactive and a matched sample of nonhyperactive boys performed a task that required them to withhold responding for a set time interval in order to be rewarded (DRL 6-second schedule). Half of each group worked on a one-button console while the other half was provided with additional collateral buttons. Results indicated that hyperactive children were relatively unable to perform efficiently on the task, and that this deficit endured regardless of age, IQ, or experimental condition. DRL was thus found to discriminate accurately between teacher-rated and parent-rated hyperactive and nonhyperactive children. Furthermore, a wide variety of self-generated mediating behaviors was observed, and it was determined that a child's DRL performance was related to the kind of mediating behaviors he displayed. Results are discussed in terms of the clinical assessment of hyperactivity and the training of impulsive children.
Behavior Therapy↗