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Biomedical subjects

M Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to M Gordon.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Compliance with topical pilocarpine treatment.

Using an unobtrusive eyedrop medication monitor, we measured compliance with topical pilocarpine treatment in a sample of 184 patients. The eyedrop monitor recorded electronically the date and time of each pilocarpine administration over a four- to six-week period. The subjects administered a mean +/- S.D. of 76.0% +/- 24.3% of the prescribed pilocarpine doses. Eleven patients (6%) took less than one quarter and 28 patients (15.2%) took less than one half of the prescribed administrations. In contrast, when the subjects were interviewed they reported taking a mean +/- S.D. of 97.1% +/- 5.9% of the prescribed pilocarpine doses. As determined by the monitor, 45 patients (24.5%) had at least one day per month with no administrations of pilocarpine; 56 subjects (30.4%) compressed the doses during the daytime hours, leaving an interval between the night dose and the morning dose the next day of 12 hours or more. The rate of compliance was significantly higher (P less than .0001) in the 24-hour period preceding the return appointment than in the entire observation period.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Can ophthalmologists correctly identify patients defaulting from pilocarpine therapy?

We determined whether clinical measurements and assessments available to ophthalmologists could be used to identify patients who default from pilocarpine treatment. The measurements and assessments included intraocular pressure, pupillary diameter, pupillary reactivity to light, the patient's report of compliance, the physician's prediction of compliance, the patient's log of pilocarpine administration, and the weight of pilocarpine eyedrops utilized. Compliance with the pilocarpine regimen was measured with an unobtrusive eyedrop medication monitor. Intraocular pressure and pupillary diameter did not correlate with compliance to the regimen as measured by the eyedrop monitor. Pupillary reaction to light, the physician's prediction of compliance, a daily log of pilocarpine administration, the weight of pilocarpine utilized, and the patient's report of compliance correlated modestly with compliance as measured by the monitor (range of correlations, 0.19 to 0.24). However, none of these measures taken by itself or combined in any manner adequately distinguished patients with lower rates of compliance from those with higher rates of compliance. At present, the eyedrop monitor is the only reliable method for detecting patients who default from treatment.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1986

The developmentally regulated type X collagen gene contains a long open reading frame without introns.

Type X collagen is a recently discovered product of hypertrophic chondrocytes that is localized to presumptive mineralization zones of hyaline cartilage. Thus, in the epiphyseal growth plate of long bones it is present only in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes and absent in the resting and rapidly growing cartilage and in bone. Type X collagen represents, therefore, a transient and developmentally regulated collagen which is synthesized by a subpopulation of chondrocytes. We report here the isolation and characterization of cDNA and genomic clones specific for the chicken protein. The results demonstrate that the polypeptide chains of this collagen contain three distinct domains: a short non-collagenous, amino-terminal region, a collagenous domain of 460 amino acid residues, and a non-collagenous, carboxyl-terminal domain of 170 amino acid residues. The nucleotide sequence of the gene shows that these domains are encoded by a long open reading frame that is not interrupted by introns. Examination of the amino acid sequence derived from this nucleotide sequence reveals the presence of a hydrophobic segment localized 10 amino acid residues upstream from the translational stop codon. The length and sequence characteristics of this segment raise the intriguing possibility that Type X collagen polypeptides may contain a transmembrane segment.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2 in a malformed infant with karyotype 46,XX,del(2)(q31q33).

We describe a malformed newborn girl with an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2 (karyotype: 46,XX,del(2)(q31q33)). This is the first report of this particular chromosome abnormality that includes autopsy findings. Comparison with previous cases in the literature suggests that this particular deletion uniformly results in developmental delays, craniofacial changes, and occasionally results in microcephaly, low-set ears, and hand and foot abnormalities.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

The application of continuous monitoring microdensitometry to an analysis of NAD+ binding and 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase activity in the regressing corpus luteum of the pro-oestrous rat ovary.

A technique which allows for the continuous microdensitometric monitoring (at 3.3 s intervals) of an enzyme reaction has been applied to a study of 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase activity in regressing corpora lutea cells of unfixed tissue sections (5 micron thick) of the pro-oestrous rat ovary. Initial reaction rates for NAD+ reduction by the activity of the enzyme were maintained for less than 3 min at all the concentrations (0-500 mumol/l) of co-factor employed. The relationship between NAD+ concentration and enzyme activity under initial velocity rate conditions was hyperbolic and maximum enzyme activity was seen when the NAD+ concentration was greater than 250 mumol/l. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was 29 mumol/l and Vmax 0.63 mumol NAD+ reduced/min/cm3 corpora lutea.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of intraocular irrigating solutions in pars plana vitrectomy.

A prospective, randomized, masked clinical study was conducted to examine the effects of pars plana vitrectomy on the corneal endothelium comparing Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) to BSS-Plus as an intraocular irrigating solution. Seventy-one patients were followed for at least six months. A significant 6.9% decrease in endothelial cell density was observed among all patients at six months postoperatively, compared to preoperative values, using the contralateral eye as a control. However, no significant difference in endothelial cell loss was found between BSS and BSS-Plus eyes. Both aphakic eyes and those undergoing lensectomy (with vitrectomy) showed a significantly greater reduction of endothelial cell density at six months compared to phakic eyes. No significant difference in corneal thickness was observed at six months postoperatively compared to preoperative values. For the one-year duration of our study BSS was as efficacious in preserving the integrity of the corneal endothelium as was BSS-Plus.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the biochemical effects of CHIP in normal and tumour-bearing C3H mice.

The biochemical effects of CHIP have been studied in C3H mice with and without transplanted mammary tumour. The maximum tolerated dose of CHIP was first determined by lethality and intestinal crypt assays to be 40 mg kg-1 and this dose was used to assay the time course of gastric distension and the pattern of drug distribution. A high level of CHIP uptake was found in liver as well as kidney. For this reason, tests for both kidney and liver damage were undertaken up to 60 days post-treatment using a dose of 10 mg kg-1 Neoplatin for comparison. Despite the high level of platinum drug uptake in liver, there was no biochemical evidence of hepatocellular or cholestatic damage. From the renal point of view, there was the expected rise in serum urea after Neoplatin but not after CHIP and there was also a rise in urinary NAG after Neoplatin in tumour bearing mice. There was, however, evidence of suppression of protein levels including enzymes, following treatment with both drugs. Tumour-bearing mice respond differently from normal mice following treatment with platinum drugs. The study confirms that CHIP is less toxic than Neoplatin.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1986

Clinical digoxin toxicity in the aged in association with co-administered verapamil. A report of two cases and review of the literature.

Digoxin toxicity occurs more commonly in aged than younger individuals. Cardioactive drugs such as quinidine effect digoxin pharmacokinetics so as to increase the potential for digoxin toxicity. The calcium-channel antagonists have become extensively used for cardiac disorders and are often co-administered with digoxin. Despite documented calcium-channel antagonist interactions with digoxin, clinically significant digoxin toxicity associated with their concurrent use is apparently unusual. Two elderly patients receiving digoxin and verapamil simultaneously are presented to demonstrate the clinical importance and potential danger of the concomitant use of these drugs.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Assessing the dental treatment needs of an adult Israeli military population.

The dental treatment needs of an adult population (career army personnel, Israeli Defence Forces, aged 20 to 46) were determined. A method is described for quantitating total restorative, endodontic, oral surgical, periodontal, and prosthetic treatment needs. The amount, and in some categories the complexity, of treatment required per person increased in proportion to age. The estimated time required per adult (all ages) to complete all dental treatments was approximately 10.5 h, including 1 h for dental hygiene therapy. These data permit calculation of cost and professional personnel needed to treat this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of trends in the prevalence of caries and restorations in young adult populations of several countries.

We compared DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) values of young adult populations (about 18- to 21 yr old) obtained over two decades in five industrialized countries (Denmark, Finland, Israel, Japan, U.S.A.). Trends of the active disease factor (D) and treatment factor (F) within and between these countries during two decades were also compared. No uniform trend in caries prevalence data, based on total DMFT scores, was found. In some countries DMFT scores declined (Denmark, U.S.A.), in some they remained relatively static (Finland), and in some they increased during the last 20 yr (Israel, Japan). However, DMFT scores did not always correlate with untreated lesions, D, which decreased remarkably in Denmark and Finland and moderately in the U.S.A., remained stable in Japan, but increased in Israel. Similarly, treatment of caries, F, varied in different countries, increasing dramatically in Finland and Japan and moderately in Israel, remaining static in Denmark, and decreasing in the U.S.A. These trends appear to be influenced largely by the extent of caries-preventive measures (particularly fluorides) in the respective countries, and to a lesser degree by sugar utilization and the availability of dental personnel. This age population has not been studied in a comparative fashion previously. This study also emphasizes the importance of looking not only at DMFT scores but at the trends in meeting treatment needs, D vs F scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The usefulness of DSM-III axis IV and axis V assessments.

DSM-III multiaxial diagnoses were given to 257 patients. Analysis of axis I diagnoses and axis IV and axis V assessments generally revealed the expected associations between particular psychiatric disorders and levels of psychosocial stress and social and occupational functioning. However, a major difficulty affecting the usefulness of axis IV and axis V data when they are routinely gathered according to the current DSM-III instructions is the stipulation that the clinician judge the etiological significance of a stressor before it is coded.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Luteal phase concentrations of a progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PEP) in the serum of cycling women with adequate or inadequate endometrium.

We previously demonstrated that the human endometrium synthesizes and secretes a specific protein designated "Progestagen-associated Endometrial Protein" or PEP. This work was undertaken to determine luteal phase levels of PEP in serum of cycling women with histologic evidence of adequate endometrium (endometrium in phase) or inadequate endometrium (endometrium out of phase by 3-4 days). The results provide a normative curve with 95% confidence limits for serum PEP concentrations vs normalized cycle day in women with adequate endometrium (judged by histologic endometrial dating), and indicate that the PEP concentration increases exponentially after day 22, with a mean doubling time of 2.95 +/- 1.60 (mean +/- SD) days (based on serial data from 13 women). More importantly, the proportion of serum PEP values falling outside of the 95% confidence limits was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in women with inadequate endometrium (83%) than in women with adequate endometrium (16%). Therefore, determination of PEP in serum, rather than the more invasive endometrial biopsy examination, may serve as a method of choice for evaluating endometrial adequacy in infertile women.

Endometrium↗