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Biomedical subjects

M Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to M Goldman.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The assessment of diaphragm function.

Paralysis or severe weakness of the diaphragm (the principal muscle of inspiration) is commonly associated with hypoventilation which may be profound during sleep, but the disorder is often unrecognized. The clinical sign of paradoxical (inward) movement of the abdominal wall during spontaneous inspiration in the supine posture may be overlooked, or the appearances at fluoroscopy may mislead, for it is not generally appreciated that descent of the diaphragm in early inspiration in these patients may be an entirely passive event. Measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure is a simple, reliable and quantitative means of assessing diaphragm function, and will aid in the diagnosis of diaphragm paralysis which has important implications for clinical management.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1977

Effects of GK-101 (NMG) and sodium hypochlorite on salivary amylase activity.

A study was designed to assess the effects of the sodium salt of N-monochloroglycine (NMG) and sodium hypochlorite on the activity of salivary amylase. Concentrations of each agent were varied to determine the concentration at which the threshold and total inhibition of enzyme would be obtained. The data indicated that NMG at concentrations of 0.10% (w/v) does not affect amylase activity, whereas sodium hypochlorite at concentrations of 0.05% (w/v) totally inhibits salivary amylase activity.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of intracytoplasmic particles in histiocytes after endodontic therapy with a hydrophilic plastic.

The presence of granules within the cytoplasm of periapical tissue histiocytes had been observed in teeth which had a root canal overfilled with a hydrophilic plastic polymer. SEM examinations revealed these granules to be barium sulfate, which was added to the polymer for radiopacity. X-ray spectra revealed strong calcium peaks in bone adjacent to the histiocytes, which showed strong barium peaks. In addition, between the histiocytes and the bone a greater concentration of calcium was seen. Because the histiocytes and not the plastic polymer contained barium sulfate, the evidence for this material's biocompatibility is greatly enhanced.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Second order factors in the California Psychological Inventory.

In order to further specify the structure of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), correlations among the first order factors of the CPI were factor analyzed, yielding two second order factors. These factors were described, and were named General Adjustment and Social Sensitivity, respectively. The second order configuration of CPI scales appeared to be consistent with other research done on the scales. It was suggested that, like the 16PF, second order factor scores for the CPI could have some utility.

Ego↗
PubMed1977

A comparative study of iodine uptake by thyroid and thymus glands of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages.

The iodine concentrating ability of thyroid glands, thymus gland and skin in Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed by determining the tissue/blood radioiodide concentration ratios. Tissue/blood ratios are significantly affected by the age of the rats, however, thymus/blood radioiodide ratios never exceeded unity. The comparative uptake of 131I by thymus and thyroid tissue expressed as thymus/thyroid (%) for neonate animals was 10-16 times greater than those obtained for older rats. Moreover, the fraction of injected dose of radioiodide in thymus tissue never exceeded that of the thyroid or skin and paralleled the concentration of radio-activity in the blood. These results indicate that although neonate thymus tissue contains a significantly greater amount of radioactivity than the thymus of older rats, an active iodide concentration mechanism is not involved.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Effect of dietary ingestion of oxalic acid on growth and reproduction in male and female Long-Evans rats.

Male and female Long-Evans rats placed on a diet of Purina laboratory chow supplemented with 2.5 and 5.0% oxalic acid for a period of 70 days revealed decreased body weights and restricted growth rates. Ingestion of 5.0% oxalic acid depressed absolute organ weights of several visceral and endocrine tissues but enhanced the organ/body weight ratios of both male and female rats. Vaginal smears indicated disrupted estrous cycles.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Femorofemoral bypass graft in intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation.

Femorofemoral arterial crossover grafts were used in three patients to avoid or correct limb ischemia during intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. In retrospec, these grafts should have been used in two earlier patients in whom the balloon was removed prematurely. They are applied to the femoral artery just distal to the site of insertion of the balloon or the the balloon access graft. Removal of the graft at the time of the balloon removal is optional.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1976

Respiratory muscle action inferred from rib cage and abdominal V-P partitioning.

We measured separate volume-pressure (V-P) relationships or rib cage and diaphragm-abdomen in seven human subjects during voluntary relaxation of the respiratory muscles, breathing at rest, during exercise, and rebreathing expired air. Estimates of separate volume displacements of the two parallel chest wall pathways were based on analysis of rib cage and abdominal anteroposterior diameter changes. The pressure developed across each pathway (transthoracic pressure) was partitioned into two serial pressure drops: transdiaphragmatic pressure and transabdominal pressure. We develop the concept that the relationship of volume displacements of structures to pressures developed by the structures during breathing, as compared to the relaxed state, reflects action of respiratory muscles in the structure. We interpret the relationship of rib cage volume displacements to transabdominal pressure (during breathing vs. relaxation) as indicating action of intercostal and accessory muscles only, the separate action of diaphragm on rib cage being measured by transdiaphragmatic pressure. At rest, the diaphragm is the only importantly active respiratory muscle. During increased ventilation activity of other respiratory muscles appears coordinated to assist the optimize diaphragmatic function.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

A preliminary report on a chemomechanical means of removing caries.

Extensive testing for the safety of the GK-101 solution was conducted with experimental animals. An Investigational New Drug permit was awarded by the Food and Drug Administration before clinical studies. Subsequently, two studies--one double-blind and one open--were conducted to determine the safety and caries-removing efficacy of a 0.05% solution of N-monochloroglycine (GK-101) on clinical subjects, as well as to study the technique for such a procedure. In the double-blind study, the efficacy, as shown by ratings for caries removal, of GK-101 applied under pressure was significantly greater than that of the placebo solution of normal saline (P less than 0.01). Both treatment groups were comparable with respect to the age distribution, pretreatment intraoral examination results, and past history. No drug-related reactions were reported by patients in either group. On the basis of caries removal results in the open study, GK-101 solution, in conjunction with the pump system, was found to be effective as determined by the investigator. The caries in all but one of the 61 lesions treated with GK-101 was rated as "total removal" or as "almost total to total" removal. Approximately 77% of the patients treated with GK-101 experienced neither pain nor an odd taste. Any pain reported was always described as "slight" or "little." The drug is currently being further tested for safety and efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Diaphragm function and alveolar hypoventilation.

A syndrome of alveolar hypoventilation has been identified in a group of patients with bilateral diaphragm paralysis. Eight patients were studied in whom diaphragm weakness had been suggested by paradoxical (inward) movement of the abdominal wall on inspiration, of whom seven had evidence of a generalized neuromuscular disorder. Diaphragm function was assessed quantitatively by measurement of the change in transdiaphragmatic pressure during a maximum inspiration (deltaPDi). In five patients, deltaPDi was zero and in the others ranged from 2-6 cm H2O (normal greater than 25 cm H2O) indicating paralysis and severe weakness in the respective groups. Fluoroscopy of the diaphragm was found to give misleading results, and the resons for this are considered. Vital capacity ranged from 65-30 per cent of the predicted normal in the upright posture, typically falling by about a half in the supine posture. Alveolar hypoventilation was present in five patients when supine and in six when asleep, the deterioration in blood gases associated with sleep generally being much greater in these patients than in normal subjects. Respiratory rate was significantly greater than age-matched controls. The ventilatory response to CO2 was impaired. The PCO2 could be brought to normal levels by voluntary hyperventilation, and the unreliability of voluntary respiratory manoeuvres of this kind as indices of ventilatory reserve is emphasized. Alveolar hypoventilation was associated with disturbed sleep, morning headache and day-time fatigue. Symptomatic benefit was achieved by the use of a cuirass respirator at night.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

An IgG-Fc receptor induced in cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts.

Cytomegalovirus- (CMV) infected cultured human fibroblasts incubated with normal human serum were shown to react with IgG by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests. The binding of IgG to infected cells was unrelated to the presence of anti-CMV complement fixing (CF) antibodies and was not observed with uninfected cells. The reaction was first observed 36 hours after infection as diffuse cytoplasmic staining which by 72 hr became localized into a dense perinuclear structure. The cytoplasmic fluorescence was not detected with anti-IgA or anti-IgM fluorescent conjugates. The reaction was seen with purified IgG and Fc fragments but was only minimally detectable with Fab fragments. It occurred in fibroblasts infected with three standard laboratory strains of CMV and seven recent CMV isolates from patients and was observed in six separate lots of human foreskin fibroblast cultures as well as in WI-38 cells. We conclude that CMV infection induces the formation of a IgG receptor in human fibroblasts.

Adult↗