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Biomedical subjects

M Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to M Goldberg.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Lipids in the developing enamel of the rat incisor. Parallel histochemical and biochemical investigations.

Morphologic examination of the developing enamel of rat incisors showed the presence of cell processes and remnants. Histochemical investigation of rapid-frozen freeze-substituted samples, using p-phenylenediamine or a phosphotungstic acid chromic acid mixture, revealed osmiophilic components which were extractable in chloroform-methanol solution and were located inside the tubule-like structures of the extracellular matrix. The presecretory cell-rich and developing enamel zones underwent quantitative and qualitative lipid analysis. Comparison of the biochemical data as well as of the morphological observations, suggests a cellular origin for enamel lipids randomly adsorbed by extracellular matrix components during enamel processing. The nature of the material which appeared as an osmiophilic intra-tubular filling is still unresolved.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Electron microscopic visualization of proteoglycans in rat incisor predentine and dentine with cuprolinic blue.

Cuprolinic blue in a MgCl2-critical electrolyte concentration solution allows a larger surface representation of proteoglycans than other methods. Glycoaminoglycans in predentine were ribbon-like structures 14 nm thick and 60 nm long, with radiating filaments (3-4 nm) located in spaces between collagen fibres. Glycoaminoglycans and collagen together displayed longitudinal and orthogonal relationships. The ground substance was slightly electron dense. In dentine, the precipitate was less in quantity and consisted of rounded granules (15 nm in diameter, and filaments/3 nm in width) closely associated with the surfaces of collagen fibres.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparative efficacy and tolerance study of azlocillin and carbenicillin in patients with cystic fibrosis: a double blind study.

Azlocillin, a new acylureidopenicillin, has been compared to carbenicillin in a controlled, double-blind study for acute exacerbations of pulmonary infections in 29 patients with cystic fibrosis. Twenty-six patients were valid for final analysis of their therapeutic results; 12 treated with azlocillin (group I) at mean dosage of 252 mg/kg/day for a mean duration of 13.2 days of treatment, and 14 treated with carbenicillin (group II) at mean dosage of 505 mg/kg/day for a median duration of 12.6 days. Except for one patient of group I who had Staphylococcus aureus in sputum culture, the remaining patients all had Pseudomonas aeruginosa of mucoid colonial morphology with or without the same organism of rough variety in their sputum culture. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated according to our scoring system of ten clinical factors, five radiological and five pulmonary function factors with 5 points each and 100 points total if perfect. The percentage of patients who improved by 20% or greater in clinical scores was found in 91.7% of patients in group I and 64.3% of patients in group II, which was statistically significantly different. The percentage of patients who improved by 20% or greater in total scores was found in 80% of group I and 45.5% of group II patients, which was less significant than the evaluation of clinical scores alone. Azlocillin was well tolerated and safe in the dosage employed. Its optimal dosage for patients with cystic fibrosis should be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum recognized preoperatively.

We report the preoperative histologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum and review the clinical aspects and treatment of this tumor. The endoscopic techniques were critical in obtaining the diagnosis and deciding the treatment plan.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Changes in plasma protein profiles in serum and in liver DNA synthesis of rats following administration of alpha-amanitin, phalloidin and/or carbon tetrachloride.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the capacity of damaged rat liver cells to respond to a second inflammation by a change in plasma protein profile, while the first inflammatory process is in progress. Quantitation of these effects would be useful, especially in situations where patients are suffering from complications due to emergence of a new pathological factor. We therefore studied the effect of phalloidin on rat livers already made necrotic by oral intubation of CCl4. Our data showed that a decrease in acute-phase response does not necessarily always imply healing, but may also be indicative of a second pathological complication.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1983

Plasma protein determination as a clinical probe for liver injury in rats induced by thioacetamide, alloxan or ixoten.

As a result of traumata, cancer or chemical poisoning the level of acute-phase proteins released by the liver undergoes a significant change which can be measured by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. To investigate whether inflammatory reactions following chemical poisoning, tissue necrosis or other treatments result in an uniform change of the plasma protein profile, we examined quantitatively the change in plasma protein profile in the following model situations: 1) alloxan-induced diabetes in rats, 2) thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis and 3) ixoten-induced blocking of DNA synthesis in rat liver. Even though the three agents used in the present study or their metabolites directly interacted with liver cells, they did not evoke a uniform change of the plasma protein profile.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Increased oxidation of a chemical carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, by colon tissue biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis.

Colonic biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis and normal subjects were studied for the ability to metabolize an environmental carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene. Approximately 73% of 30 colonic biopsy specimens from 7 ulcerative colitis patients could metabolize benzo(a)pyrene to oxidized products, with an average production of 11.6 nmol/mg biopsy protein. In contrast, 39% of 23 biopsy specimens from 5 normal persons showed metabolic activity, with an average of 2.79 nmol benzo(a)pyrene metabolites/mg biopsy protein. Thus, benzo(a)pyrene oxidation activity in colonic tissue from colitis patients was, on the average, fourfold greater than that in normal subjects. This elevated metabolic activity appeared to be unrelated to the state of inflammation in the biopsy section. There was a tendency toward increased metabolic activity in the distal colon. Although there is no evidence that benzo(a)pyrene itself is "the colon carcinogen," this chemical belongs to a broad class of environmental carcinogens, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our findings suggest that the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis has a greater ability than that of normal subjects to oxidize such chemicals possibly to electrophiles with higher mutagenic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Improved bronchial healing in canine left lung reimplantation using omental pedicle wrap.

Bronchial complications are a major problem following lung transplantation. Ischemia of the donor bronchus is an important underlying cause of these complications. We have previously demonstrated the ability of an omental pedicle flap to revascularize the donor bronchus as early as 4 days following canine left lung reimplantation. In the present study, omental pedicle wraps markedly improved the healing of the bronchial anastomoses 23 days following canine left lung reimplantation. In dogs in which omentum was used (n = 6), the bronchial mucosal appearance was more normal and the degree of bronchostenosis was significantly less when compared with dogs without omental flaps (n = 10). These experiments suggest that the use of omental pedicle flaps may significantly reduce bronchial complications following lung transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A comparison between cyclosporin A and methylprednisolone plus azathioprine on bronchial healing following canine lung autotransplantation.

The effects of two low-dose immunosuppressive therapies upon the healing of the bronchial anastomosis and skin wounds following lung autotransplantation were evaluated. Autotransplantation was performed in three groups of dogs: Group 1 (nine dogs) received no immunosuppression, Group 2 (seven dogs) received postoperative immunosuppression with methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg) and azathioprine (1.5 mg/kg), and Group 3 (four dogs) received postoperative immunosuppression with cyclosporin A (20 mg/kg/day). Skin incisions 7 cm in length were made in the dorsal region of each dog. Dogs were put to death 23 days postoperatively, and the breaking strength of the bronchial anastomoses and skin wounds was evaluated with the Instron Universal Testing Machine, with a cross-head speed of 0.5 cm/min. Bronchial breaking strengths were similar in Groups 1 and 3 and significantly higher than in Group 2 (p less than 0.001). Skin breaking strengths were similar in Groups 1 and 3 and significantly higher than in Group 2 (p less than 0.001). Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of both skin and bronchial wounds showed normal formation of collagen bundles in Groups 1 and 3 but a disorganized pattern in Group 2. Our results suggest that low-dose immunosuppression with methylprednisolone and azathioprine significantly affects wound healing and breaking strength of both bronchial anastomoses and healed skin incisions following canine lung autotransplantation. Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A had no adverse effect on either bronchial or skin healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory complications.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (N = 148) underwent general anesthesia with halothane (H) or isoflurane (I) each administered randomly to 74 patients. One hundred and ten pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables were analyzed, including outcome variables, which included intra- and postoperative respiratory complications. Univariate computer analyses demonstrated no differences between H and I groups with respect to all variables, the exception being tachycardia, which occurred significantly more frequently in patients given I. Log-linear analyses revealed that no interactions existed between H or I groups, the non-outcome variables, and the complications. We conclude that patients with COPD respond similarly to H and I and that these anesthetics are associated with similar incidences of respiratory complications.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1983

Modern thirty-day operative mortality for surgical resections in lung cancer.

Modern postoperative mortality rates for resectional operations for lung cancer are not readily available. In recent publications estimating the risk factors for surgical resection, mortality rates of 10% to 15% for pneumonectomy and 5% to 7% for lobectomy are frequently quoted. In order to determine modern operative mortality rates (up to 30 days postoperatively), the Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) analyzed the surgical mortality rates of the various participating centers during the years 1979 to 1981. A total of 2,200 resections for lung cancer were available for analysis. Of the 2,220 resections performed, 1,058 were lobectomies, 569 were pneumonectomies, and 143 were lesser resections (segmental or wedge). Eighty-one postoperative deaths occurred from among the 2,220 resections (3.7%). The mortality rate for pneumonectomy was 6.2% and for lobectomy, 2.9%. Lesser resections carried a 1.4% mortality rate, not statistically different from lobectomy. In patients under the age of 60 years, the mortality rate was 1.3%, 60 to 69 years, 4.1%, and over 70 years, 7.1%, all significantly different (p less than 0.01). The postoperative mortality rate for patients 70 years or older was 7.1% (pneumonectomy 5.9% and lobectomy 7.3%). It is obvious that greater care was taken in selection among the older pneumonectomy patients. The striking similarity of postoperative mortality rates for resectional operations for lung cancer among the various centers of the LCSG and among the various institutions within these centers suggest that these data are a reasonably accurate analysis of modern surgical mortality rates in the treatment of lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Giant leiomyoma of the esophagus.

A patient with a giant leiomyoma of the esophagus (1235 g) presented with persistent cough, intermittent fever, nocturnal pyrosis, and intermittent dysphagia for solid foods. Reconstruction after extirpation of the distal esophagus, the tumor, and the proximal stomach involved a Collis gastroplasty and a Nissen fundoplication using stapling technique. This combination of operations after resection was used to assure the best functional result possible in a young man with benign disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Open window thoracostomy in the management of postpneumonectomy empyema with or without bronchopleural fistula.

Postpneumonectomy empyema, with or without bronchopleural fistula, remains an infrequent but serious complication of pulmonary resection. We reviewed our experience with the Clagett procedure in 31 patients with postpneumonectomy empyema. Seven had empyema alone and 24 had empyema with bronchopleural fistula. Ten patients died of metastatic disease without attempted closure of the thoracostomy window. In eight patients the total Clagett procedure was completed; window closure was permanent in two patients, but the remaining six had recurrence of empyema (four of whom had persistent occult fistulas). In eight further patients, persistent infection prevented attempted closure of the window. Five patients refused further surgical procedures. In only two of 31 patients were we able to achieve permanent closure of the thoracostomy window. Based on this experience, we conclude that open window thoracostomy provides adequate drainage and an excellent interim or permanent treatment of the infected pneumonectomy space. However, the presence of persistent bronchopleural fistula prevents successful completion of the total Clagett procedure. In our series, there were no deaths related to empyema or the surgical procedures performed for it.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal bacteremia. A 4-year prospective study.

During the 4-year period 1978-81, 14,527 neonates were born at Assaf Harofeh Hospital, including 793 (5.5%) premature infants. During the same period, 41 bacteremias were recorded, making an overall incidence rate of 2.8/1,000 live births. Thirty of the 41 bloodstream infections occurred in premature infants (incidence rate 38/1,000) and 11 in full-term infants (incidence rate 0.8/1,000). The overall case fatality rate was 19.5%, and in the premature group it was 26.7%. Aside from prematurity, the most common underlying conditions were respiratory distress syndrome and prolonged rupture of membranes. Premature infants were at much greater risk of becoming bacteremic (relative risk 47) than were full-term infants. The risk increased with a decrease in the weight of the infants. Of 43 pathogens, 31 were gram-negative (72.3%), and 11 were gram-positive (25.4%). The most common of the gram-negative pathogens belonged to the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group--19 of 43 (44.2%). Among the gram-positive pathogens, Enterococcus was most common--4 of 43 (9.3%). No increased incidence of Group B Streptococcus infections was noted. The Klebsiella-Enterobacter group had by far the highest incidence in our hospital, and the bacteremia caused by these pathogens was nosocomial in nature in all but one case.

Cross Infection↗