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Biomedical subjects

M Giboda

Publications and source records attributed to M Giboda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Efficacy of praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis in a non-endemic country: a follow-up of parasitological, clinical and immunological parameters.

Schistosomiasis patients were immigrants to Czechoslovakia from Angola and Yemen. Most of them had light or moderate infections and felt subjectively healthy. They received treatment with praziquantel (two doses with a total of 40 mg/kg) and were followed up for several years. In nine of 13 patients, Schistosoma haematobium or S. mansoni eggs with undamaged miracidia were detected in biopsies from the bladder or the rectum one year or later after treatment. Granulomatous reactions in the rectum and bladder lesions of stage 1 including thickened bladder walls persisted in most of the patients. Antibody levels against adult S. mansoni worm antigen remained elevated for at least two years after therapy in some patients and declined in others. Among the nine patients, for whom pre- and post-treatment sera were available, the changes in relative levels of antibodies did not strictly correlate with the continued presence of schistosome eggs in, or their absence from, biopsies. We discuss the results obtained with sensitive diagnostic techniques in the absence of subjectively perceived disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pilot studies on the occurrence of some infectious diseases in two different areas in south Yemen (Aden) (part II. Microbiology).

This paper is the second part of the article dealing with intestinal bacteria. The findings are relatively poor in comparing with the frequency of intestinal protozoa. Among 83 stool specimens taken for bacteriological examination 14 isolations of different bacteria were proved. One S. muenchen was isolated from a 3 year old boy with fever, diarrhoea. Five cases of Alkalescens dispar 05 manit negative and 05 manit positive were identified. Two of these cases were without clinical symptoms. All were males aged 10-17 years. One isolation of E. coli EPEC 086 K6 H11 was in a 10 year-old boy with diarrhoea, four watery stools daily and cramps. Six cases of other E. coli were of different types, all with clinical symptoms. Of them three were males and three females at the age from 3-46 years. One case had a mixed infection of Citrobacter, E. coli and Klebsiella with diarrhoea, about 5 watery stools daily and abdominal pain. The frequency of intestinal bacteria in males was nearly three times higher than in females. The occurrence in age groups 10-20 was almost equal 20.0-22.2%, in 0-4 it was 42.9% and surprisingly low in 5-9 years old--3.4% only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Malariometric survey in Keoudom District, Laos: sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to anti-malarials and automedication with chloroquine.

A malariometric survey was conducted in the Keoudom District, in the northern part of Vientiane Province, Laos, where an artificial dam-lake on the Nam River is located. The parasite rate of the whole cohort representing 1,105 subjects was 2.44% with the predominance of Plasmodium vivax (70%), while P. falciparum represented 30% with the average parasite density index 3. The low spleen rate (2.3%) characterized the study area as a hypoendemic zone. IFAT antibodies were examined in 419 subjects. The seropositivity of 195 persons < 15 years was 13.7% while in > 15 year old subjects seropositivity was 61.6% with a low GMRT in both groups (140:148). Automedication with aminoquinoline was assayed by urinary analysis in 125 outpatients. Of these, 36 (28.8%) were positive, 89 (71.2%) negative. The frequency of positive blood films for P. falciparum was higher in subjects with aminoquinoline in the urine (36.1%) than in those without (10.1%). Chloroquine sensitivity assay of 15 strains of P. falciparum displayed resistance in 39.3%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparative morphology of eggs of the Haplorchiinae (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) and some other medically important heterophyid and opisthorchiid flukes.

The egg morphology of the following medically important small flukes from Southeast Asia and Far East were studied: Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchiidae), Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Stellantchasmus falcatus and Metagonimus sp. (Heterophydiae). This study revealed a great intraspecific variability and interspecific similarity in size and shape of eggs. The eggs shape does not seem to be suitable for species identification. On the other hand, biometrical analysis of egg size enabled us to divide eggs from the species studied into four distinct groups according to the Faust-Meleney index (FMI) characterizing egg size rather than the length and width of eggs. The surface structures of eggs, delineated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), appeared to be a suitable morphological feature for distinguishing some groups of small flukes. Eggs from the Haplorchiinae were typified by the characteristic filamentous mesh structure. The problems of identification of eggs in human stool samples and suitability of using morphological criteria such as shape and size of eggs are discussed herein.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The first finding of Cryptosporidium baileyi in man.

Oocysts of cryptosporidia whose morphology and measurements corresponded with those of the species Cryptosporidium baileyi were found in the stool of an immunodeficient patient. In autopsy material, cryptosporidia were found in the esophagus, whole intestine, trachea, larynx, lungs, and gall and urinary bladders. None of the 69 suckling mice inoculated with this isolate developed cryptosporidial infection. Infection was successful in 26 chickens inoculated perorally and 6 others subjected to intratracheal inoculation; it was localized in the duodenum, jejunum, bursa Fabricii, and respiratory tract. From day 12 after infection, oocysts of cryptosporidia were found in the excrement. Human infection with C. baileyi may have occurred due to disruption of the immune system by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to immunosuppressive therapy undertaken after allogeneic kidney transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Study of the body surface of Haplorchis yokogawai (Katsuta, 1932) and H. taichui (Nishigori, 1924) (Trematoda:Heterophyidae).

The morphology of the surface of two heterophyid flukes, Haplorchis yokogawai and H. taichui, that can infect humans eating raw fish flesh, has been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The body surface of both species is covered with scale-like, serrated spines with the exception of areas around the oral sucker, ventrogenital opening and excretory pore. The species slightly differ by the dentation pattern of tegumental spines: H. yokogawai has finer and more numerous spine teeth (maximum tooth number 14-16) while H. taichui has more serrated spines, mostly with a lower number (up to 10-12) of somewhat more robust teeth. However, because of the variability, the shape and dentation of spines do not seem to be reliable diagnostic features enabling mutual differentiation of both species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Differential diagnosis of opisthorchiid and heterophyid metacercariae (Trematoda) infecting flesh of cyprinid fish from Nam Ngum Dam Lake in Laos.

The examination of flesh of 313 cyprinid fish from the Nam Ngum water reservoir in Vientiane Province, Laos, revealed the presence of four morphologically similar opisthorchiid and heterophyid metacercariae of medical importance. The following morphological characters, visible under dissecting microscope with low magnification, were typical of trematodes recorded in fish: (1) Opisthorchis viverrini, the liver fluke, has oval cysts containing quickly moving C-shaped metacercariae provided with a rather large excretory bladder; (2) metacercariae of Haplorchis pumilio and H. taichui are surrounded by a thin-walled, oval cyst; they are actively motile, C- or S-shaped, and possess a relatively small excretory bladder; (3) cysts of Haplorchoides mehrai are considerably variable in shape, size, and thickness of cyst wall; larvae are slowly moving, C- or S-shaped, or often not folded, and provided with a rather small excretory bladder. Some cysts with dead or degenerated H. mehrai larvae are filled with brownish or yellowish pigment. Morphological variability of some larvae, however, excluded correct identification of all metacercariae during routine examination of fish. Therefore, we consider isolation of several larvae from each fish host as well as all "atypical" metacercariae from fish flesh and their examination under the light microscope to be necessary. Even though this method of examination is rather time consuming, it decreases the possibility of false identification of trematode larvae encysted in flesh of cyprinid fish during field studies on opisthorchosis and heterophyiosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Serological differentiation of human small fluke infections using Opisthorchis viverrini and Haplorchis taichui antigens.

Sera from 642 inhabitants of Vientiane Province (Laos) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using cytoplasmic and membranous antigens prepared from adult worms. Worms of Opisthorchis viverrini originated from liver of dissected cats, Haplorchis taichui were obtained from a stool specimen of a Laotian patient after praziquantel treatment. The sera were divided into five groups according to the intensity of infection expressed as egg count per gram of patients stool (EPG). Correlation between intensity of infection and the level of antibodies in serum was recorded. Reactions obtained using the cytoplasmic antigens were more sensitive and more specific compared to those with membranous antigens. Cross-reactions between antigens of both helminth species were found. Highly positive sera were examined using electroimmunotransfer blots (EITB) with cytoplasmic antigens of both species, which enabled the species differentiation. Antigens of both species yielded several shared fractions; however, differences between them were found: homologous sera reacted specifically with O. viverrini antigen in the area of 70 kDa and with H. taichui antigen in the area of 10 kDa. Thirty-one of 122 tested sera had specific antibodies against O. viverrini, 77 sera against H. taichui and 14 sera against both species. The results confirmed our assumption about predominant occurrence of heterophyid flukes in the human population living in studied area, compared with the occurrence of opisthorchid flukes. Hence, serology seems to be helpful tool for correct diagnosis of small fluke infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in Laos.

Stool samples from a total of 1,008 persons were examined for intestinal parasites during a comprehensive study on the epidemiology of small fluke infections in Laos. The prevalence of small fluke eggs in the stool was seen to peak at age 20 years, particularly in men from villages (90.4%). Three quarters of infections belong to the category of light infections and only 0.6% to the category of very heavy according to eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The highest EPG was in the 11-15 year age group. In addition, the following parasites were diagnosed: Sarcocystis hominis (prevalence more than 10% in the group over 20 years of age), Taenia sp. (12.4% for the village people over 20 years), Fasciolopsts buski (3.8% for the same group). The habit of Laos people to eat raw fish, beef and pork flesh, is reflected in significant epidemiological consequences. Cercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini occurred in 0.5% of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalus examined, Haplorchis sp. cercariae were found in 0.9% of Tarebia granifera snails. Metacercariae of O. viverrini were found in flesh of 7 species of cyprinid fish. Haplorchis taichui in 4 species of these fish, and H. pumilio of two cyprinid species. Hampala macrolepidota harbored larvae of all above mentioned species. Stellantchasmus falcatus was recovered in fins of belonid fish Xenentodon cancila. Adults of O. viverrini were found in 36% of domestic and stray cats, Heterophyid flukes were found in 24% cats. The most frequent species were H. taichui and H. yokogawai. Eight Laotian students were treated in Czechoslovakia with praziquantel to determine fluke infection. Three were infected only by O. viverrini, four only by H. taichui and one by both O. viverrini and H. taichui. These results demonstrate the problem of correct differential diagnosis of food-borne small fluke infections and the need to assess the clinical course and public health aspects of infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiology of intestinal parasitosis in Laos (with anti-amoebic antibody levels)].

The overall prevalence rate of the intestinal parasites in Laos ranges from 76.8% to 95.7% depending on living conditions. The predominant species is Opisthorchis complex with the peak in age group greater than 20 years and infected in one village all men over 20 years. Unusually high frequency demonstrated Sarcocystis hominis as well as Taenia sp. with the culmination of infection among the adults. The habit of eating raw flesh of fish, beef and pork is responsible for the spreading of these three zoonotic parasitoses. The intimate coexistence between the domestic animals and man explains the prevalence of Trichostrongylus sp. Low infection rate as E. histolytica have been found as well of low level of antiamoebic antibodies. The multiple infections raise with the age and the predominant participation of helminths was demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence of some medically important flukes (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae) in Nam Ngum water reservoir, Laos.

Occurrence of some medically important flukes transmitted to man by eating of raw fish was observed at 18 localities of Nam Ngum water reservoir, an important source of fish for inhabitants of Vientiane Province, Laos. Cercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini were recorded in 0.9% of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalus examined but in the most populated sites, where the density of the snails was the highest up to 2.2% of the intermediate hosts were infected. Haplorchis cercariae were found in 2.0% of Tarebia granifera examined. O. viverrini metacercariae were found in flesh of four fish species (Hampala dispar. H. macrolepidota, Puntius gonionotus, Cyclocheilichthys repasson) from 9 localities with the highest prevalence (16%) in H. dispar. Metacercariae of Haplorchis pumilio and H. taichui were found in flesh of Hampala dispar, H. macrolepidota and Puntius gonionotus with the prevalence of infection 2-6%. Metacercarie of Stellantchasmus falcatus were localized in fins of Xenentodon canciloides. Domestic cats (Felis catus f. domestica) harbored the following trematode species: O. viverrini, H. pumilio, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, S. falcatus. Eggs of small flukes were found in stools of 44% of examined inhabitants of 3 villages and of the district center Thinkeo. The study revealed that the best predictor of the existence of small fluke foci and their species composition in the area studied was the second intermediate host-fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Entamoeba histolytica--the virulence of imported strains.

We tested the virulence of 15 strains of Entamoeba histolytica, imported to Czechoslovakia, by intracaecal inoculation of laboratory rats. According to the scoring system of Neal, none of the 15 strains possessed the virulence index greater than 2. This indicates that all the organisms tested should be classified as avirulent. However, it should be noted that all the strains produced infection of the caecum and thus should be considered infective for rat. For 7 strains, isoenzyme patterns were determined for PGM, HK and ME. One imported strain, obtained from student from Congo, demonstrated isoenzyme pattern for PGM and HK indicated that the strain was virulent. This organisms had the index of virulence 1.8 (avirulent) in animal experiment; it was isolated from cysts of clinically asymptomatic patient. Examination of the rectal mucosa of the donor of the strain indicated typical chronic catarrhal proctitis of mild degree. Examination of the patient's serum demonstrated the presence of anti E. histolytica antibodies by CIEP, while the ELISA test was negative. Twenty-one cyst carriers were examined by rectoscopy. Pathologic changes were observed in 20 of these, as follows: altered vascular structure (13X), roughened mucosa (12X), mucosal reddening (10X), decreased glistening (7X), mucus in mucosa (5X), inflammatory pseudopolypes (2X), ulcers (2X), enanthema (1X). Histological biopsies were obtained in 15 cases. One was considered normal. Remaining 14 biopsies exhibited following morphological changes: increased mucus secretion (8X), edema (7X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration (6X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration in addition to the presence of eosinophilic granulocytes (6X), presence of mucophages (5X), haemorrhages (4X), increased vascularity (3X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration with presence of extremely abundant eosinophilic granulocytes (1X), erosive-ulcerative changes of mucosa (1X). The changes observed indicated chronic catarrhal proctitis with expression to greater or less degree of signs of chronic catarrhal inflammation.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1990

Species determination of eggs of opisthorchiid and heterophyid flukes using scanning electron microscopy.

Eggs of opisthorchiid flukes have very characteristic muskmelon-like surface structure of their shells and can be differentiated using this mark from eggs of heterophyid flukes. Surface structure and morphological details in operculum and abopercular end can be observed using scanning electron microscopy. Eggs recorded very often in stool of Laotians belong mostly to Opisthorchis viverrini and sporadically to Metagonimus yokogawai.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Amoebiasis in foreign students.

A total of 2,883 foreign students at the age of 18-30 years were examined for amoebiasis after their arrival to Czechoslovakia. Stool examinations revealed the presence of Entamoeba histolytica in 112 of them (3.9%). Students from 38 countries were found to be infected with this parasite. In a set of 2,064 students from these countries E. histolytica prevalence in stool was 5.4%. There were greater differences in the prevalence between individual countries inside a geographical region than between individual geographical regions. The highest E. histolytica prevalence in stool was found in students from tropical and southern Africa (6.7% of 745 examined) and the lowest in students from South-eastern Asia (3.1% of 321 examined). In a simple cross-section study, antibodies against E. histolytica were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of 1,001 persons. Antibodies were detected in 7.9% of students at the following titres: 1:200 in 4.5%, 1:600 in 1.5%, 1:1,800 in 1.9%. Antibodies occurred more frequently in students carrying E. histolytica cysts (X2 = 14.9). Titre of ELISA antibodies in patients with confirmed liver abscess was higher than 1:1,800. counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) test was used for serum examinations of patients who had been demonstrated by ELISA to be seropositive and of those carrying E. histolytica cysts. In a set of 170 patients CIEP antibodies were also more frequent in those carrying E. histolytica cysts (X2 = 26.95). A comparison of the results of ELISA and CIEP tests in the same patients revealed that CIEP antibodies were more dependent on the actual parasitization with E. histolytica than ELISA antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Antigenic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and serodiagnosis of tropical malaria].

The importance of antigenic diversity in immunogenicity of population of P. falciparum was studied in regard of immunodiagnosis of tropical malaria. The sera from 42 adult non-immune persons with confirmed infection by P. falciparum and from 30 persons from Africa with confirmed infection by P. falciparum were examined with three antigens differing in geographic origin. Antigen A2 Gambia, M94 Thailand, FCQ2 Papua New Guinea were checked. The following results were obtained: 1) In the quantity of polyclonal antibodies detected higher frequency of higher titres and higher GMRT (statistically significant differences) were demonstrated with three antigens in the persons from the endemic areas of malaria. 2) Higher variation (antigenic diversity) in the quantity of polyclonal antibodies (difference up to 6 dilutions) in the non-immune population in contrast to semi-immune population where the differences were only at the level of two fold dilutions. 3) The correspondence of titres of polyclonal antibodies to all three geographically different antigens was statistically significantly (P less than 0.05) more frequent in the sera of semi-immune persons in contrast to non-immune individuals. 4) The results have shown that repeated infections in endemic areas of malaria with antigenically diverse strains induce the formation of polyclonal antibodies against all antigenic varieties and are better detectable by antigen of any antigenic variety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗