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M Gibaldi

Publications and source records attributed to M Gibaldi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypothesis for the individualisation of drug dosage.

Computer simulations based on the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol and theophylline in patients, indicate a very strong correlation (r = 0.988 for chloramphenicol and r = 0.971 for theophylline) between log maintenance dose required to achieve a desired average drug concentration in serum at steady-state, and the drug concentration in serum 6 hours after an initial test dose administered by constant rate intravenous infusion over 0.5h. Accordingly, we have developed a nomogram to predict individual daily dosing requirements for these drugs in uncomplicated patients from a single serum assay following an initial dose. Within defined limits, predictions made with the nomogram are essentially equivalent to those made by iraditional pharmacokinetic methods which require substantially more drug concentration-time data following a test dose. Predictions based on the nomogram are relatively unaffected by small but typical errors in magnitude of the test dose, infusion time, sampling time and assay. Protocols for the administration of the test dose other than described, e.g. administration of an oral theophylline solution, may be equally useful for dosage predictions. In principle, this approach should apply to other drugs.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of maintenance dose required to attain a desired drug concentration at steady-state from a single determination of concentration after an initial dose.

Strong correlations have been reported between drug concentrations at steady-state and a single drug concentration determined sometime after an initial dose for lithium, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, choramphenicol and theophylline. The mathematical basis of these relationships suggests that a one point method for predicting steady-state drug concentrations and individual dosing requirements should be widely applicable to most drugs and should be valid for patients having a wide range of drug half-lives. A method is presented for evaluating the optimum time of blood sampling to determine a drug concentration in serum of plasma that best correlates with steady-state levels and for defining the range of drug half-lives beyond which the predictive approach is likely to give poor results.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗