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Biomedical subjects

M Germain

Publications and source records attributed to M Germain.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Acceleration of bone maturation and dysmorphic syndrome in 2 siblings (Marshall-Weaver syndrome)].

This paper relates two cases of a complex syndrome with unusual facies, restricted articular movements and accelerated skeletal maturation (already present at birth) in two siblings (brother and sister). These infants died in early age: one was ten days, the other six weeks old. Clinical and radiological findings of these newborns are part of both the Marshall-Smith and the Weaver syndrome, suggesting that these syndromes are one entity. The observation of affected siblings from unaffected parents favors autosomal recessive inheritance.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Ventilation following induction of general anaesthesia by thiopentone.

We measured occlusion pressure, tidal volume, frequency, and the duration of the ventilatory phases in twenty-eight patients before and immediately after induction of anaesthesia by thiopentone. From these measurements we derived mean inspiratory flow rate and "effective" impedance to flow. Occlusion pressure was generally, but not universally, less after induction. Mean inspiratory flow rate was reduced due to a combination of smaller tidal volume and shorter duration of inspiration. This was noted in all twenty-eight patients, as was a clearcut increase in "effective" impedance to flow. These results suggest an important mechanical component to the reduced ventilation noted following induction of general anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Circular pharyngo-laryngectomy: reconstruction by free jejunal transplant and vascular microanastomoses in a single stage. 4 cases].

In a certain number of cases, extensive carcinomas of the hypopharynx require total pharyngeal resection, circular, and hence the restoration of continuity by a plastic procedure. Amongst the numerous procedures used (tubular flaps, substitution using a hollow organ), the authors opted for the use of free jejunal transplant with vascular microanastomoses in a single stage. Four cases very different in terms of their indications are reported. The postoperative course was in general very uncomplicated and characterised by the absence of either abdominal or pharyngeal infection. Swallowing became possible on about the 14th day. Vascular permeability was confirmed by arteriography in three cases and was felt to be satisfactory. This is, however, major surgery with a long operation (between 6 and 10 hours) and which at best requires the cooperation of two teams of surgeons. Indications should be considered with caution and in the present study involved only cases of widely extended pharyngeal carcinomas, with the exclusion of oesophageal involvement going beyond the pharyngo-oesophageal sphincter.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Yellow fever in the Gambia, 1978--1979: epidemiologic aspects with observations on the occurrence of orungo virus infections.

An epidemic of yellow fever (YF) occurred in the Gambia between May 1978 and January 1979. Retrospective case-finding methods and active surveillance led to the identification of 271 clinically suspected cases. A confirmatory or presumptive laboratory diagnosis was established in 94 cases. The earliest serologically documented case occurred in June 1978, at the extreme east of the Gambia. Small numbers of cases occurred in August and September. The epidemic peaked in October, and cases continued to occur at a diminishing rate through January, when a mass vaccination campaign was completed. The outbreak was largely confined to the eastern half of the country (MacCarthy Island and Upper River Divisions). In nine survey villages in this area (total population 1,531) the attack rate was 2.6--4.4%, with a mortality rate of 0.8%, and a case fatality rate of 19.4%. If these villages are representative of the total affected region, there may have been as many as 8,400 cases and 1,600 deaths during the outbreak. The disease incidence was highest in the 0- to 9-year age group (6.7%) and decreased with advancing age to 1.7% in persons over 40 years. Overall, 32.6% of survey village inhabitants had YF complement-fixing (CF) antibodies. The prevalence of antibody patterns indicating primary YF infection decreased with age, in concert with disease incidence. The overall inapparent:apparent infection ratio was 12:1. In persons with serological responses indicating flaviviral superinfection, the inapparent:apparent infection ratio was 10 times higher than in persons with primary YF infection. Sylvatic vectors of YF virus, principally Aedes furcifer-taylori and Ae. luteocephalus are believed to have been responsible for transmission, at least at the beginning of the outbreak. Eighty-four percent of wild monkeys shot in January 1979 had YF neutralizing antibodies, and 32% had CF antibodies. Domestic Aedes aegypti were absent or present at very low indices in many severely affected villages (see companion paper). In January, however, aegypti-borne YF 2.5 months into the dry season was documented by isolation of YF virus from a sick man and from this vector species in the absence of sylvatic vectors. Thus, in villages where the classical urban vector was abundant, interhuman transmission by Ae. aegypti occurred and continued into the dry season. A mass vaccination campaign, begun in December, was completed on 25 January, with over 95% coverage of the Gambian population. A seroconversion rate of 93% was determined in a group of vaccinees. This outbreak emphasizes the continuing public health importance of YF in West Africa and points out the need for inclusion of 17D YF vaccination in future programs of multiple immunication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Yellow fever in the Gambia, 1978--1979: entomological aspects and epidemiological correlations.

An entomological survey was conducted in the Gambia in January 1979, during the last phase of a yellow fever (YF) outbreak which began during the previous rainy season. In the dry conditions which prevailed in January, Aedes aegypti was the only YF vector present. Two YF virus strains were isolated from females of this mosquito species caught in a village of western Gambia, where active human cases were documented. The ae. aegypti breeding sites were exclusively of the domestic type. Larval indices varied greatly from place to place, but generally appeared to correlate with the incidence of disease. A better understanding of the conditions that prevailed at the onset and during the early phase of the epidemic will require further entomological investigations. Nevertheless, it appears probable that initial transmission as by sylvatic vectors such as the Ae. furcifer-taylori group and possibly others such as Ae. luteocephalus, Ae. metallicus, and Ae. vittatus. As the outbreak progressed, interhuman transmission by Ae. aegypti also occurred, and this mixed epidemiological pattern later gave way to transmission by Ae. aegypti only when sylvatic vector populations declined in the dry season. We speculate that a prolongation of the rainy season during 1976--1978 was important in the origin of the outbreak. The relationship of this epidemic to the established focus of sylvatic YF in southeastern Senegal is discussed. The Gambian outbreak is considered the result of a recent northwesterly extension of the YF Emergence Zone.

Aedes↗
PubMed1980

[Current resources of microsurgery for the re placement of the cervical oesophagus and the hypopharynx (author's transl)].

A technique of oesophago-jejunostomy in the neck is described using an isoperistaltic jejunal Y loop with added vascularisation from the internal mammary vessels via microsurgical anastomoses. This technique is used either for solely palliative purposes when the tumour is inoperable, or after oesophagectomy as a method of reconstruction of the digestive tract. An experimental study in the dog of replacement of the cervical oesophagus using a free gastric, jejunal or colonic transplant indicates the possibility of envisaging these techniques in the near future in man after circular total pharyngo-laryngectomy. The importance of these modern technique made possible by microsurgery is of two types: --value in adequate treatment of the tumour, since the resection can be extensive, the length of the graft being such that the whole of the oesophagus can be replaced; --functional value since the result is immediate and of good quality.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Isolation of the yellow fever virus from an egg-cluster and the larvae of the tick Amblyomma variegatum].

The yellow fever virus is isolated in natura from eggs of a Tick Amblyomma variegatum. It is then isolated from larvae issued from the same egg-cluster and also from blood of a monkey bitten by larvae of the same origin. It is reported that the same virus has been previously obtained from adults of the same species of Tick. An acarine appears for the first time as a sylvatic vector and reservoir (at least temporary) of yellow fever.

Animals↗