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Biomedical subjects

M Gentilini

Publications and source records attributed to M Gentilini.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis].

The classic diagnostic procedure for cutaneous leishmaniasis is based on the examination of Giemsa-stained smears made from the fluid obtained by scraping the edges of the lesion with a lancet, or prepared with small plugs of superficial tissues. In this report, we compare the results given by this standard method with those obtained by the examination of needle aspirates. Aspirates are secured by injecting a few millimetres outside the external border of the lesion 0.3 to 0.5 ml of saline through a thin needle, rubbing the injured skin, and thereafter pulling back slowly the plunger. Amastigotes were found in all smears from needle aspirates, and in only 11 out 15 obtained by scraping. Aspirates were also more suitable for cultures of parasites.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Longitudinal study of auditory brain-stem response in patients with minor head injuries.

In a longitudinal study of 119 patients with minor head injuries, 13 had abnormal auditory brain-stem responses (ABRs) within 48 hours after trauma. At follow-up examination one month later, ten patients had abnormal ABRs. The ABRs remained stable in most patients; in nine patients they normalized. However, in six patients initially normal ABRs became abnormal. This instability limits the medicolegal application of ABR testing after minor head injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Plasmodium ovale: in vitro development of hepatic stages.

Primary cultures of human hepatocytes, a culture-derived clone from the human hepatoma Hep G2 line, and cultured rat hepatocytes were inoculated in vitro with Plasmodium ovale sporozoites extracted from Anopheles stephensi, An. gambiae, and An. dirus mosquitoes. Penetration and differentiation of P. ovale sporozoites into trophozoite stage parasites occurred in all three cell types, but with a lower transformation rate in the Hep G2 cell line than in the primary cultured hepatocytes. Further maturation was obtained only in the human hepatocytes, in which the parasites were uninucleate until the third day after infection, before development to 60 micron in length by the eighth day. Additionally, this culture system was used to assess the ability of an anti-P. ovale sporozoite monoclonal antibody to inhibit penetration of sporozoites into hepatocytes and to detect sporozoite determinants in the maturing liver stage parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Value of neuropsychologic tests and acoustic evoked brain stem potentials in the prognosis of subjective complaints in patients with brain concussion].

Neuropsychological impairment and pathologically delayed Acoustic Brain stem Responses (ABR) have been found in patients examined after minor head injury. The relation of these alterations with the emergence of post-concussional symptoms is unknown. In this study 27 patients were examined with ABR within 48 hours of a clearly defined head injury and with a complete neuropsychological test battery one month after the trauma. They were checked for postconcussional symptoms such as headache, depression or dizziness one year later. ABR recordings were pathological in four patients. Neuropsychological testing showed no difference between patients and age-matched controls. No correlation was found between postconcussional symptoms and ABR and neuropsychological examination results, posttraumatic amnesia, and neurotic symptoms present before the trauma. Subclinical brain stem involvement as shown by ABR does not seem to correlate with symptoms of the postconcussional syndrome. This greatly limits the use of ABR in forensic medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Bilateral paramedian thalamic artery infarcts: report of eight cases.

Eight consecutive patients with CT scan evidence of a bilateral infarct in the territory of the paramedian thalamic artery are reported. In seven cases the infarct also extended to the territory of the polar artery. The main symptoms were: disorder of vigilance which cleared in a few days, and hypersomnolence which lasted longer and in two patients was still present a year later; amnesia, detectable clinically in four patients and only with tests in two patients, which persisted in one patient for three years; changes of mood and bulimia present in five and four patients respectively; and vertical gaze paresis in five patients. Only one patient died, and in the remainder the symptoms tended to subside, but none of the patients who could be followed-up for a year returned to normal behaviour. Clinical and CT scan correlations pointed to the mammillo-thalamic tract as the structure whose damage was responsible for the memory disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Development of drug resistance in cases of P. falciparum malaria of African origin in a Parisian hospital. Comparison with field data and therapeutic consequences].

The number of P. falciparum malaria cases, contracted in Africa, diagnosed by the department of Parasitology and Tropical diseases of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group has shown a significant increase in 1985-1986 when compared with the 15 past years (+23%). This fact is related to the spread of chloroquine or amodiaquine resistant falciparum malaria from East Africa (1980-1983: 54%) to Central Africa (1985: 54.5%) and now to a country of west Africa (Benin 1986).

Africa↗
PubMed1987

[Value of cytapheresis in the treatment of loaiasis with high blood microfilaria levels. Results in 7 cases].

Seven patients infected with the filarial worm Loa loa received a treatment by cytapheresis in an attempt to lower the microfilaraemia. Microfilarial levels of between 6,000 and 38,500 ml, before extraction, were reduced, according to the case, by between 47 and 97% (mean 76%). The diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy which followed in 6 of 7 patients showed no sign of any of the serious side-effects which often occur in these type of cases. Due to its practicality and the fact that it is well tolerated, both clinically and biologically, cytapheresis would seem to represent the best method for initially treating loaiasis with high microfilaremia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

AIDS and lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) patients display similar abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T-colony forming cells (T-CFC).

T-cell colonies were generated from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 61 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 54 patients with persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), 14 clinically normal male homosexuals, and 17 healthy heterosexuals. Mononuclear cells were cultured in methylcellulose in the presence of IL2-containing conditioned medium. The number of T-cell forming cells (T-CFC) from healthy male homosexuals and AIDS and LAS patients was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced compared to T-CFC from healthy heterosexuals. In AIDS patients, the low colony growth capacity of T-CFC was independent of the presence of either opportunistic infections or Kaposi sarcoma. Twelve LAS patients who subsequently developed AIDS showed the lowest capacity of peripheral blood and bone marrow T-CFC to proliferate. Pooled induced colonies from AIDS and LAS patients and normal homosexuals were composed of immature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6+, and T8+ surface phenotype, unlike colonies from normal heterosexuals, which displayed mature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6-, and T3+, T8+, T6- surface phenotype. Moreover, most T-CFC from primary colonies had lost their self-renewal capacity. In some AIDS and LAS patients but not healthy homosexuals peripheral blood and bone marrow T-CFC were capable of generating colonies with recombinant IL2 (rIL2) without any other mitogenic stimulation. The rIL2-induced colony growth was abrogated by a monoclonal antibody against the IL2 receptor. These results suggest that early impairment of T-CFC plays a predominant role in the pathogenesis of AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1986

Systemic infections with Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum). Report of three new cases.

Three new cases of systemic mycosis due to Trichosporon cutaneum are reported and compared with the 23 previous reports. Two patients had acute leukemia and one patient had a lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blood cultures in two patients and cerebrospinal fluid in the third patient were positive for T. cutaneum. Only one patient recovered after antimycotic therapy and concomitant remission of his leukemia. At autopsy, the two other patients showed widespread infection with T. cutaneum. The authors conclude that diagnosis and management of such infection in the immunosuppressed host are difficult and the prognosis is poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Culture systems for production of promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania. Application to serological diagnosis and therapeutic trials].

Several species of leishmania and three methods of cultivation: monophasic, biphasic and co-cultivation were used in a compared study bearing on the intensive production of leishmania. In addition by applying, a new in vivo model, comprising an injection of sarcomatous cells and promastigotes into BALB/c mice and also an extraction on a discontinuous gradient (Radioselectan 60%), it was possible to obtain highly purified isolates of amastigote forms. The use of two antigens: promastigotes and amastigotes, is to be recommended for the serological diagnosis, by indirect immunofluorescence, of kala-azar. The new in vivo model merits further consideration for research concerning new molecules active against leishmania.

Animals↗