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Biomedical subjects

M Gentilini

Publications and source records attributed to M Gentilini.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Eyelid movement disorders and motor impersistence in acute hemisphere disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an acutely brain-damaged population, the occurrence of motor impersistence and its relation to the side of lesion. All the patients hospitalized in a 10-month period for a stroke involving one hemisphere and able to cooperate were given, in the early days of illness, a motor impersistence battery requiring the maintenance of a position of eyelids, gaze, mouth, and limbs for 10 seconds. A control group of 50 patients without brain damage provided the basis for evaluating pathologic performance. Failure to keep eyes closed was the most common manifestation of motor impersistence. It sometimes affected the contralateral eye alone, lasted in a few patients for 3 months, and was significantly more frequent after right than left brain damage. Three right brain-damaged (RBD) patients showed a complete inability to initiate lid closure, and one RBD patient a complete inability to initiate lid opening. Impersistence in other somatic areas was more rare.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Auditory brain stem responses in the prognosis of late postconcussional symptoms and neuropsychological dysfunction after minor head injury.

Thirty patients suffering from minor head injury were examined with auditory brain stem responses (ABR), neuropsychological tests for assessment of higher nervous functions, and a questionnaire on postconcussional symptoms. Comparison of the 6 patients with altered ABR with the other 24 showed no statistical difference in either the number of long-lasting postconcussional symptoms or the scores on neuropsychological tests. Subclinical brain stem involvement as shown by ABR does not seem to correlated with impaired mental function or symptoms of the postconcussion syndrome. This greatly limits the use of ABR in forensic medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T colony-forming cells in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome.

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) present impaired colony growth and in vitro differentiation capacity of peripheral blood and bone marrow T colony-forming cells (T-CFC). We show that peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node T-CFC from patients with persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), a syndrome that can precede AIDS, displayed similar abnormalities. Indeed, peripheral blood T-CFC generated a low number of colonies in seven out of 12 patients, and almost no colonies were obtained from bone marrow cells of all patients. The simultaneous study of T-CFC from peripheral blood and lymph node mononuclear cells seems to provide a reliable indicator for the risk of developing AIDS. The six patients who developed AIDS displayed extremely low numbers of peripheral blood T-CFC (13 +/- 17 colonies per 5 X 10(4) cells), and in two of them, no colonies could be obtained from lymph node T-CFC. The remaining patients who had not developed AIDS displayed a higher number of peripheral blood T-CFC (141 +/- 113 per 5 X 10(4) cells) and lymph node T-CFC, which, in addition, preserved their clonogenic capacity. In some patients, peripheral blood and lymph node, but not bone marrow, T-CFC were capable of generating colonies in the absence of added growth factors or mitogens, whereas in others, colony formation was obtained with purified interleukin 2 (IL 2) alone. Both spontaneous and IL 2-induced colony formation was abrogated by a monoclonal antibody against the IL 2 receptor. Taken together, these findings suggest that at least some T-CFC expressed IL 2 receptors. Colonies generated either in the presence or in the absence of added growth factors were composed of T4+, T6+, and T8+ cells, indicating impaired in vitro T-CFC differentiation. These findings indicate that a dramatic quantitative and qualitative impairment of the proliferation and differentiation of peripheral blood and lymph node T-CFC precedes the clinical evolution from LAS to AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Malaria in Vanuatu. Recent epidemiological data].

The Republic of Vanuatu, ex-Condominium of New-Hebrides, is an archipelago in the South Pacific, between Solomon Islands and New-Caledonia. Although the health system is quite satisfactory, malaria has become the major health problem in the whole country. Its epidemiological characteristics are reviewed, and particularly the biology of the only known vector, the Anopheles farauti complex. A sudden and severe aggravation of the malaria morbidity since 1980 is then evidenced. This increase of the yearly incidence (from 21% to 183% between 1980 and 1984) has privileged the rising of Plasmodium falciparum which reached 75% of the national paraside index. Moreover, it has clearly followed a geographical progression from north to south within the group during the four years. Various possible causes to this alarming situation are examined, among which the emergence of chloroquin-resistant strains of P. falciparum, and the possibility of modifications in the vector's population, particularly hold the attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical and biological consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (LAV) infection in 15 Congolese subjects].

We report 15 cases of symptomatic HIV infection seen in Paris between June 1983 and June 1985 in Congolese patients. The first signs were diarrhea, weight loss, fever, pruritus. Disseminated lymphadenopathy was frequent. Twelve patients had AIDS, and the opportunistic infections were: isosporosis, oesophageal candidiasis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, CNS' cryptococcosis, cutaneo-mucosal.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of research methods to assess water pollution of the fecal origin in the rural Sudan-Western Sahara environment].

In the assessment of the bacteriological quality of water from 1,500 drills World has not in Burkina-Faso, three methods have been analyzed comparatively. The first, relying upon bacterial production of H2S as indicator of faecal pollution and proposed by Indian workers, has been found unreliable for determining water potability. The second, based upon the nitrate content of water, is unable to reveal water contamination by human and animal excreta. The third method, employing a membrane filtration, is to be commended since it is well adapted to the Sahelian conditions. Simple, reliable, of low cost, this method is providing the quality assurance of water potability, a requirement which must accompany the drilling programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury.

Neuropsychological deficits following mild head injury have been reported recently in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue with a strict methodological approach. The neuropsychological performance of 50 mildly head injured patients was compared with that of 50 normal controls chosen with the case-control approach. No conclusive evidence was found that mild head injury causes cognitive impairment one month after the trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T colony forming cells in AIDS patients and clinically normal male homosexuals.

T cell colonies were generated from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 11 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 17 normal male and female heterosexuals and seven clinically normal male homosexuals. Mononuclear cells were cultured in methylcellulose both in the absence and presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) containing conditioned medium. Clinically normal homosexuals showed a low number of T4+ (P less than 0.01) but not T8+ cells. The number of T cell colony forming cells (T-CFC) from both AIDS patients and homosexuals was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced compared to T-CFC from normal heterosexuals. In seven and four out of 11 AIDS patients, T-CFC from peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively, were able to generate colonies in the absence of added growth factors and/or mitogenic stimulation. Pooled spontaneous and induced colonies from AIDS patients as well as induced colonies from normal homosexuals were composed of immature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6+ T8+ surface phenotype, unlike colonies from normal heterosexuals which displayed mature cells bearing the T3+ T4+ T6- and T3+ T8+ T6- surface phenotype. Moreover, most T-CFC from primary spontaneous and induced colonies had lost their self-renewal capacity either in the absence or the presence of added growth factors. These results suggest that early impairment of T-CFC may play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Measles vaccination in the Sudan-Sahel region of Africa. Absence of the immunodepressive effect of malaria].

A survey aiming at assessing the effectiveness of anti-measles vaccination was carried out in a rural Upper-Volta population. The haemagglutination inhibition technique was used for detection of anti-measles antibodies; a reciprocal antibody titer of 20 or more was considered as a positive one and the subject considered as immunized. In the age group of 1-3 years old studied here, malaria does not seem to be a factor that modulates the ability of vaccinated subjects of producing anti-measles antibodies. Thus the immunodepressive properties of the Plasmodium is not observed in this immunizing system which effectiveness has been further improved by the development of thermostable vaccines.

Burkina Faso↗
PubMed1985

[Fasciolar hepatic abscesses: value of hepatic ultrasonography. Apropos of 3 cases].

Hepatic abscess is a rare complication of fasciolasis. The ultrasonographic appearances of these abscesses are not well known. The finding of nodular echodense images in the hepatic parenchyma may cause diagnostic confusion. We report three cases in which abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated hepatic abscesses complicating fascioliasis. Follow-up examination showed regression of these lesions after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Malaria chemoprophylaxis. Resistance problems].

Several drugs are used for malaria chemoprophylaxis: 4 amino-quinolines, antifolics, combinations of sulfonamides and antifolics, and new anti-malarial agents, including mefloquine. The indications and contra-indications of their use are reviewed with respect to their tolerance and pharmacokinetics. Severe side effects associated with the administration of sulfonamide + pyrimethamine are discussed. The development of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and other agents creates a new challenge for chemoprophylaxis. The choice of chemoprophylaxis is dictated by the geographical incidence of resistance: in low risk areas (no chloroquine resistance), 4-amino-quinolines should be used because of the good tolerance; in medium risk areas (low frequency of resistant strains), amodiaquine is useful for prophylaxis and presumptive treatment of fevers is indicated; in high risk areas (high incidence of resistant strains), no anti-malarial agent but the newly developed mefloquine is effective.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1985

[Serologic diagnosis of hydatidosis. 235 cases].

UNLABELLED: 229 hydatidosis and 6 multivesicular echinococcosis have been studied by hemagglutination test (HA) and immunoelectro-diffusion test (IED). RESULTS: hepatic hydatidosis: 177 patients. The HA test is positive in 82%, IED test is positive in 92%. Pulmonary hydatidosis: 46 patients (20%). The HA test is positive in 61,5% and IED test is positive in 80%. HA and IED tests are negatives in 6 patients. The others localisations are: hepato-pulmonary hydatidosis, 28 patients, cerebral hydatidosis, 10 patients, splenic or renal hydatidosis, 8 patients, osseous hydatidosis, 5 patients, cardiac hydatidosis, 3 patients, ocular hydatidosis, 2 patients and pancreatic or muscular hydatidosis, 1 patient. The negativation or the decrease of antibodies after treatment in 38 patients are obtained in 2 or 3 years. An increase of antibodies take place in case of relapse.

Bone Diseases↗