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Biomedical subjects

M Gentilini

Publications and source records attributed to M Gentilini.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[In vitro infestation of adult thamnomys hepatocytes with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites; schizogony and release of infecting merozoites].

Hepatocytes isolated from an African rodent, Thamnomys gazellae, by perfusing the liver with a solution of collagenase were cultured in modified MEM medium, and infected in vitro by sporozoites of the 17 X strain of P. y. yoelii. 48 hrs. later, schizonts measuring 30 to 40 microns on average were observed in all cultures. Injection of culture supernatant, harvested on day 3, into Mice, was followed by a parasitaemia demonstrating that viable merozoites had been released by the schizonts.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Exo-erythrocytic schizogony of plasmodium falciparum in the monkey Cebus apella (author's transl)].

P. falciparum sporozoïtes obtained by membrane-feeding of Anopheles stephensi with blood containing gametocytes were injected intravenously to the Monkey Cebus apella. 5 days later, a great number of exo-erythrocytic stages were found in the liver, and appeared to be morphologically similar to those described in man. The host specificity of the sporozoïte seems less restricted than that of the merozoïte.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The time course of visual hemi-inattention.

Twenty right brain-damaged patients and two left brain-damaged patients who showed neglect in the early stage of a stroke were reexamined at a mean time of 10.5 months. In four patients neglect was still as severe as on the initial examination and visual scanning was limited to the right space or even to its rightmost portion. Available CT scan findings suggest that in some patients thalamic lesions may play a critical role in the persistence of neglect. All the other patients improved with passage of time, but minor signs of hemi-inattention could still be demonstrated in the great majority of them.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Litomosoides carinii infection in cotton-rats before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine and suramin: evolution of free serum antigens.

Immunoelectrodiffusion was used to detect free serum antigens after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and Suramin (S) in 30 cotton-rats infected with Litomosoides carinii. Precipitin lines between an antiserum produced by an adult worm extract and the test serum indicated the presence of free antigens in the serum. The number of precipitin lines was between one and 3. Before treatment only 13.3% of infected rats were positive compared with 83.7% after treatment. There was a difference in the delay before the appearance, the persistence and, possibly, the nature of antigens liberated by DEC and S treatment. With DEC release occurred earlier than with S and the antigens persisted for a shorter time. With combined DEC + S therapy the results were similar to those obtained with DEC and S used alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Enhanced Plasmodium falciparum merozoite phagocytosis by monocytes from immune individuals.

Phagocytosis of merozoites and schizont-infected erythrocytes prepared from continuous cultures by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with falciparum malaria was investigated with an in vitro assay. Monocytes do ingest merozoites of Plasmodium falciparum, but rarely phagocytose parasitized or nonparasitized erythrocytes in the absence of immune serum. The monocytes from hyperimmune subjects were significantly more efficient in the ingestion of merozoites than were those obtained from sensitized or noninfected subjects. These data indicate, first, that the merozoite rather than the parasitized erythrocyte is the specific target for blood phagocytic cells in human falciparum malaria and, second, that the phagocytosis of merozoites by peripheral blood monocytes increases depending on the level of specific immunity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Single dose kinetics of mefloquine in man. Plasma levels of the unchanged drug and of one of its metabolites.

Oral single dose kinetics of mefloquine was investigated in 16 male volunteers, 3 Caucasians and 13 African natives. Unchanged mefloquine (= M) and one of its metabolites (= MM) were measured in the plasma. The apparent half-life of absorption of M ranged from 0.36 to 2.0 h, its terminal half-life of elimination from 15 to 33 days. Assuming complete systemic availability, an apparent volume of distribution of 14-29 liters x kg-1 and a total clearance of 18-39 ml x min-1 were derived. MM given orally to mice or rats showed at equal dose the same tolerance as mefloquine. Following oral administration of M to man, plasma levels of MM surpassed those of M, resulting in a 2.4-5.1 larger AUC. However, because of its much smaller apparent volume of distribution, MM may be anticipated to represent only a small percentage of the dose and therefore to contribute only to a minor extent towards the unwanted side effects of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Rubella epidemiology in rural Upper Volta].

A survey aiming at evaluating the proportion of the female population aged 0-29 years, with a positive anti-rubella antibody titer, was carried out in two Upper-Volta villages, representative of the Sahel (Oursi) and the Savannah (Donsé) biotopes. A technique of inhibition of haemagglutination was used and 40 or more was considered as a positive titer. Seventy per cent of 230 serums were positive, all ages confounded. The proportion positive was 96% in the age group 12-18 years and 76% in the age group 19-29 years. Extrapolating these findings to the Upper-volta rural population we estimated the risk of congenital infection to justify the decision against or in favour of a vaccination campaign. On the basis of our results, it is suggested that rubella has low priority in public health planning in rural Upper-Volta and that mass vaccination is at present not justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Antigen sharing between Fasciola hepatica and human erythrocytes.

Several lyophilized bovine and ovine liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) extracts were examined for the presence of blood group like antigens using an automated haemagglutination inhibition procedure. This sensitive method allowed the detection of A, B, H. Lea, Leb, P1, and Pk group specific substances. Their immunogenicity was confirmed in anti-Fasciola hyperimmunized rabbits. Immunofluorescent probes showed that these substances are located on cell membranes of the tegumental syncytium and caeca epithelium cells of the fluke. These data were discussed along with current concepts concerning, the origin, the consequences ant the biological significance of the occurrence of blood group like substances in parasites.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

[Mefloquine in the treatment and prevention of malaria ].

Mefloquine (WR 142,490 or Ro 21,5998) is a new antimalarial drug, 4-quinoline methanol derivative, with a prolonged half-life in man and a good activity against multidrug resistant P. falciparum strains. Tolerance and pharmacokinetic evaluated in 8 black African subjects, is according to previously studies in American or Asian patients: the mean whole blood half-life is 15,6 days. Efficiency of various regimens (1 g in 3 days; 1,50 g in 3 intakes, one day; 25 mg per kg in one intake) was studied on 39 patients, infected by african strains of P falciparum in 26 cases. Fever and parasitemia disappeared within 3 days in all cases. Sera from these patients showed a complete inhibition of P. falciparum continuous culture on day 30 at least. The use of mefloquine may be actually reserved for area where resistant strains of P. falciparum are widespread. In African this use, in theory possible, is not warrant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[The comparative value of the human basophil degranulation test and classical serology (immunofluorescence, haemagglutination, electrosyneresis, Vogel and Minning's Test) in the diagnosis of bilharzioses due to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium].

The Human Basophil Degranulation Test (HBDT), using Benveniste's technique, was compared to four serological techniques in a group of 42 cases of intestinal and urinary bilharziosis: indirect immunofluorescence, passive haemagglutination, electrosyneresis, and Vogel and Minning's test. The HBDT proved to be 88% more sensitive than each of the other techniques. It showed excellent specificity in a group of 32 negative controls, allergic subjects or patients with other helminth infestations. This study establishes the HBDT as one of the best immunological diagnostic tests of bilharziosis. However, the HBDT is not quantitative and only indicates reaginic sensitivity. It should be used together with tests of humoral immunity.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1982

Biosynthesis of A, H, and Lewis blood group determinants in Fasciola hepatica.

Classical methods usually applied in human blood group enzyme assays allowed the detection in Fasciola hepatica of 3-alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-transferase, 2 and 4 alpha-L-fucosyltransferases that correspond to A, H, and Lewis human blood group gene-specified enzymes. Their presence indicates the ability of F. hepatica to synthesize A, H, and Lewis blood group antigens that were recently observed in the liver fluke. The biological significance of the data is discussed in terms of host-parasite relationships.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

Anti-P1, allohemagglutinins associated with Clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini infections in patients from Southeast Asia.

An automated assay of anti-P1 allohemagglutinins has been carried out on sera of 61 individuals from Southeast Asia : 28 with clonorchiasis, 18 with opisthorchiasis and 15 control subjects. Anti-P1 activity was detected in 61% of the opisthorchiasis sera, 57% of the clonorchiasis sera and in 26.6% of the control subjects. Their concentration, in the sera, was low in control subjects and exceptionally high in clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis (up to 13 and 22 times the maximum concentration of the control subjects, respectively). In all cases the anti-P1 antibodies were of IgM class. The results suggested that Clonorchis and Opisthorchis were responsible for immunization of the patients, with P1 alloantigen.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1982

[Geographic distribution of malaria in the valley of the Senegal River: school survey (sero-immunologic evaluation, year 1973)].

In 1973, a sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of malaria along the Senegal river valley. More than 75 % of school children had antimalarial antibodies in their sera. This prevalence was independent of age and sex, and was found to be effectively high particularly in the regions of Gorgol and Guidimaka. These results may be considered exclusively as an indication to raise up, nevertheless, a general planning of malaria protection along the Senegal river.

Adolescent↗