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Biomedical subjects

M Garty

Publications and source records attributed to M Garty.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Cadmium uptake by rat red blood cells.

Rat red blood cells were employed to study the uptake of cadmium (109Cd). Suspensions of red blood cells were exposed to Cd concentrations of 0.005-500 microM, which were representative of whole blood concentrations (both bound and free) observed following in vivo Cd administration. Cd uptake was biphasic with an initial rapid phase (less than 1 min) followed by a slower second phase. The rate of Cd uptake at 25 degrees C was one-fourth of that at 37 degrees C. The metabolic inhibitors; sodium fluoride (1 mM), potassium cyanide (1 mM) and carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (2 microM) and the Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain (1 mM) did not reduce Cd (50 microM) uptake into red blood cells. This suggests that the uptake of Cd into red blood cells was not an active process. Incubation of Cd (10 microM) with an equimolar concentration of Zn did not alter uptake of Cd into red blood cells, but at 5 and 10 times higher concentrations of Zn, Cd uptake was enhanced 5-fold. Mercury at one-tenth and equimolar concentrations of Cd increased Cd uptake by red blood cells 2-fold. N-Ethylmaleimide (0.5-5 mM), which irreversibly inactivates membrane sulfhydryl groups, decreased Cd uptake. The data indicate that Cd uptake into rat red blood cells occurs by passive transport and that alterations of sulfhydryls of red blood cell membrane may modulate the process.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Unintentional weight loss. A retrospective analysis of 154 cases.

Unintentional weight loss (UWL) was documented in 154 patients (2.8%) admitted to an internal medicine department during a two-year period. A retrospective analysis of the clinical charts showed that more than one third (36.3%) were found to have a neoplasm, involving preponderantly the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with neoplasia were older and more frequently had abnormal physical findings and significantly lower values of serum albumin as well as higher values of alkaline phosphatase than other patients. Despite extensive investigations, in 36 patients (23.3%) UWL remained unexplained even after prolonged follow-up periods. The remaining 62 patients had a variety of disorders, preponderantly gastrointestinal tract (26 patients) and psychiatric (16 patients) diseases. Endocrinologic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism were relatively uncommon (3.8%). Unintentional weight loss is a relatively common problem in clinical practice. Familiarity with the spectrum of disorders associated with UWL as well as selected clinical and laboratory values may help in the initial examination of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of cimetidine on digoxin disposition in peptic ulcer patients.

Cimetidine inhibits the renal tubular secretion of creatinine and digoxin is partly excreted by the same pathway. In order to investigate a possible interaction between the two drugs, a randomized cross-over acute study has been conducted. Six patients with duodenal ulcers were given a single dose of digoxin (Dig) 0.75 mg i.v. with and without oral cimetidine 1200 mg/day. Cimetidine significantly reduced creatinine clearance from 157 to 132 ml/min. There was no significant difference in inulin clearance, 99.2 vs 97.5 ml/min, Dig elimination half life 53.9 vs 56.9 h, apparent volume of distribution 11.3 vs 11.6 l/kg, systemic clearance 2.42 vs 2.35 ml/min/kg, renal clearance 1.48 vs 1.62 ml/min/kg or urinary excretion of digoxin 49.5 vs 51.6% of dose without or with cimetidine. These results suggest that cimetidine does not influence the disposition of digoxin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hyperammonemia complicating mesenteric vein thrombosis.

Hyperammonemic coma developed in a 69-year-old woman with prolonged symptoms of abdominal pain, dysphagia, and fever. At laparotomy for an acute condition within the abdomen, mesenteric vein thrombosis was found and partial intestinal resection was performed. Following surgery, the patient regained consciousness and blood ammonia levels became normal. Hyperammonemia and coma complicating mesenteric vein thrombosis have not yet been described. Venous shunts are suggested as being responsible for this rare complication.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Effect of nifedipine and theophylline in asthma.

The effect of nifedipine, 10 mg po q.i.d. for 2 weeks, was studied in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial in nine patients with asthma receiving theophylline. Nifedipine did not significantly affect the mean (+/- SD) morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR; 336 +/- 130 L/min for drug vs. 349 +/- 92 L/min for placebo), evening PEFR (393 +/- 69 L/min for drug vs. 367 +/- 66 L/min for placebo), symptom score (27.4% +/- 22.9% for drug vs. 33.8% +/- 26.4% for placebo), or the number of albuterol inhalations per day (5.8 +/- 3.5 for drug vs. 6.2 +/- 4.1 for placebo). Furthermore, there was no change in PEFR 30, 60, or 120 minutes after nifedipine dosing. Nifedipine did not significantly affect the steady-state serum theophylline trough levels (9.1 +/- 2.2 mg/ml for drug vs. 10.2 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml for placebo) or the theophylline pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the elimination t1/2, peak serum concentration, time to peak, and AUC(0-24). We conclude that nifedipine has little, if any, effect on the clinical status, PEFR, or theophylline serum levels in patients with asthma who receive theophylline.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of oral colchicine on T cell subsets, monocytes and concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell function in asthmatic patients.

Asthmatic patients have a deficiency of concanavalin A-(Con A) induced suppressor cell function. We tested whether oral colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily for 7 days could correct this immunoregulatory abnormality. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with Con A and then suppression of proliferation was measured by coculture of these cells with healthy volunteers' mononuclear cells and phytohaemagglutinin. Sixteen asthmatic patients had significantly (P less than 0.002) decreased Con A-induced suppressor cell function (17.0 +/- 17.2%, mean +/- s.d.) as compared to 13 healthy volunteers (37.9 +/- 14.9%). Oral colchicine significantly (P less than 0.05) increased, though only partially corrected, these 16 asthmatic patients' Con A-induced suppressor cell function (28.1 +/- 14.3%). Asthmatic patients had an increased number of monocytes (691 +/- 289 vs 388 +/- 271/mm3 for normals, P less than 0.01) and a normal number of lymphocytes, Leu 4+ total T cells, Leu 3+ helper/inducer T cells, and Leu 2+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells as well as a normal Leu 3/Leu 2 ratio. Oral colchicine significantly (P less than 0.005) decreased the number of monocytes (451 +/- 255/mm3) without significantly affecting the number of lymphocytes, Leu 4+, Leu 3+, or Leu 2+ T cells, or the Leu 3/Leu 2 ratio. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the deficiency of Con A-induced suppressor cell function in asthmatic patients may be due, in part, to an increased number and/or abnormal activity of monocytes. If so, then oral colchicine may have partially corrected the deficiency of Con A-induced suppressor cell function by decreasing the number and/or modulating the activity of monocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Tolerance to morphine effects on renal disposition of xenobiotics in mice.

Morphine administration (20 mg/kg s.c.) slowed renal elimination of phenol red in mice, raising plasma levels of this dye and reducing its levels in urine. After 9 days of twice daily morphine injections up to 100 mg/kg, an acute 20 mg/kg morphine challenge did not produce analgesia or hypothermia as in naive mice. This multiple dose morphine regimen also induced tolerance to the effects of the narcotic on plasma and urine levels of phenol red. Morphine, 20 mg/kg, reduced plasma p-aminohippurate clearance by 72% in naive mice but only by 56% in tolerant mice. However, reduction of iothalamate clearance after an acute morphine challenge did not show a statistically significant difference between naive and tolerant mice. These findings suggest that tolerance is more readily induced to the effects of narcotic on renal blood flow and/or tubular function than to reduction of glomerular filtration. Tolerance to the acute effects of morphine on phenol red disposition is probably due to lessened response of blood flow or tubular function in chronically dosed mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Aminoglycosides].

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Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of a quinidine-induced platelet-specific antibody with development of thrombocytopenia.

The rapidity by which drug-dependent antiplatelet antibodies can develop is not known, since patients are only studied during or after the episode of thrombocytopenia. This report describes the development of quinidine-induced immune thrombocytopenia in a healthy volunteer during a drug study. The thrombocytopenia developed within two weeks of initiation of quinidine therapy. During the thrombocytopenic episode, but not before receiving the drug, the patient had an IgG antiplatelet antibody that bound to control platelets in the absence of the drug. This antibody was absent when the drug was discontinued and the platelet count rose. The patient's acute serum also induced the release of serotonin from control platelets, and the reaction was enhanced by quinidine. This indicates that drug-dependent antiplatelet antibodies can develop rapidly and supports the hypothesis that quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia is due to a quinidine-dependent platelet-specific IgG.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Reduction of serum theophylline levels by terbutaline in children with asthma.

We studied the effect of oral terbutaline on serum theophylline levels in 12 children with asthma. Sustained-release theophylline (10 mg/kg twice a day) was given with placebo or terbutaline (0.075 mg/kg three times a day) in a chronic, randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The trough serum theophylline concentration fell from 13.8 +/- 4.0 to 10.8 +/- 3.6 micrograms/ml and the peak expiratory flow rate increased from 285 +/- 30 to 310 +/- 29 L/min after terbutaline. Further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanism of action by which terbutaline decreases serum theophylline levels.

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

Effects of morphine on the disposition of ampicillin in mice.

Morphine raised the levels of intravenously administered ampicillin in the plasma of mice. Despite higher ampicillin levels in plasma after administration of morphine, levels of this antibiotic in bile and urine were not elevated. After ligation of the common bile duct, ampicillin levels in plasma were elevated. Morphine caused a further rise in drug levels in plasma of duct-ligated mice. Ampicillin levels in plasma were higher in mice made anephric by prolonged ligation of their external urethras. In such animals, morphine also caused ampicillin levels in plasma to be even higher. These experiments suggest that morphine impairs both renal and hepatobiliary elimination of ampicillin. These effects of morphine were completely reversed by naloxone. In contrast to effects on intravenously administered ampicillin, morphine markedly reduced drug levels in plasma when ampicillin was given by gastric intubation. This resulted from delayed absorption because of retardation of gastric emptying by morphine.

Ampicillin↗