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Biomedical subjects

M G Dodson

Publications and source records attributed to M G Dodson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Therapeutic considerations in postpartum endometritis.

The physiologic changes of pregnancy and the puerperium and their effect on antibiotic therapy have not received widespread attention. Pregnancy is accompanied by multiple physiologic changes, including increased uterine weight, blood volume, extracellular fluid, endometrial blood flow and renal function changes. Those changes affect therapy for endometritis since it may take several weeks for a return to the pregravid state. Preeclampsia is associated with reductions in intravascular space, increased extravascular space from edema and impaired renal function. Postpartum uterine changes may also complicate drug therapy because of poor antibiotic perfusion. The ideal antibiotic for postpartum endometritis would achieve optimal uterine tissue levels, be administered infrequently, and have adequate activity against anaerobes and minimal toxicity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Microorganisms and premature labor.

A number of organisms, including Mycoplasma, group B Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, have been isolated more frequently from patients in premature labor than from controls. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment in some studies lowered the incidence of prematurity. Silent chorioamnionitis has been noted in 15% of patients in premature labor. Untreated pyelonephritis is clearly associated with premature labor; however, the association of asymptomatic bacteriuria, appropriately treated pyelonephritis and premature labor is less clear. Some microorganisms have been demonstrated to produce phospholipase A2 and possibly prostaglandins, which might be the mechanism for some of the associations between premature labor and bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of in vitro fertilization results in women with one or two ovaries.

A study compared the in vitro fertilization results in women with one or two ovaries. Eighteen percent (23/125) of in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer cycles were in patients with one ovary. One-ovary patients averaged 4.2 follicles (greater than or equal to 10 mm) as compared to 7.9 in two-ovary patients, and significantly fewer ova were recovered from one-ovary patients (4.0 vs. 5.3). The total follicular volume was significantly less in one-ovary patients as compared to two-ovary patients, and the serum estradiol per follicle was less in one-ovary patients. However, the volume of the dominant follicle, the maximum serum estradiol levels, the number of ampules of Pergonal given and the ovum fertilization rate were not significantly different in one- and two-ovary patients. The mean number of embryos transferred was 3.9 +/- 1.9 in one-ovary patients and 4.5 +/- 1.8 in two-ovary patients (NS). Two pregnancies occurred in one-ovary patients (8.3% per laparoscopy) and 13 in two-ovary patients (12.9% per laparoscopy). The two one-ovary patients who achieved pregnancy behaved more like two-ovary patients in terms of peak serum estradiol levels and number of ova recovered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

In vitro fertilization in couples with male factor infertility.

The data from 83 consecutive in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles were examined with emphasis on the presence of subfertile male parameters, including abnormal sperm density, motility, morphologic features, or an abnormal result in the sperm penetration assay (zona-free hamster ova penetration). There were 25 cycles (21 couples) in which there was a solitary or coexistent abnormal male factor. The presence of a male factor was associated with a lower fertilization rate and fewer embryos transferred. Statistically important reductions in the fertilization rate occurred with reduced sperm density and abnormal motility, but not with abnormal morphologic features. The parameter that was most significantly associated with human ova fertilizability was the ability to exceed two penetrations per egg in the sperm penetration assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease with aztreonam, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, and clindamycin.

Forty-two patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease were treated using aztreonam, a monobactam, and clindamycin. Sixty-four percent of protocol patients were culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and 26% had positive endometrial cultures for other organisms. Fifty-one percent of patients had ultrasound findings consistent with a pelvic abscess. One patient with a tuboovarian abscess palpable to the umbilicus became afebrile and improved on treatment, but ultimately was treated surgically. All other protocol patients responded rapidly to the aztreonam-clindamycin regime, giving a 97.7% cure rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The vanishing twin: pathologic confirmation of an ultrasonographic phenomenon.

Although the phenomenon of the "vanished twin" has been noted repeatedly through the use of ultrasound, no confirmatory histologic evidence has been presented previously. This has raised questions concerning the validity of the vanishing twin syndrome. In the following case, a triplet intrauterine pregnancy was diagnosed ultrasonographically four weeks after in vitro fertilization, but only a single fetus and placenta were delivered at term. Careful examination of the placenta revealed histologic evidence of the vanished twin. This evidence consisted of a chorion-lined sac containing amorphous material, surrounded by degenerated chorionic villi juxtaposed against a normal amniochorionic membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Residual embryos in failed embryo transfer.

One hundred thirteen embryo transfers (ETs) were performed in an in vitro fertilization and ET program of which residual or extruded embryos were found in 17 transfers (15%). Residual or extruded embryos are those embryos found outside the uterine cavity, either at the cervical os, on the vaginal speculum, or remaining in the catheter after an ET. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of inspection for residual embryos. In group I, microscopic visualization of the transfer catheter alone revealed that 9 of the 67 transfers (13.4%) had 17 residual embryos either at the catheter tip or adherent to mucus on the side of the catheter. In group II inspection of the catheter and cervical wash revealed that 8 of 46 ETs (17.4%) had 15 residual embryos that failed to be transferred during the initial attempt. Six of these 15 (40%) were found in the cervical wash medium. Thus, failure of the proper placement of embryos at the time of transfer may occur frequently. Evaluation of only the transfer catheter may result in a significant underestimation of the problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Transperitoneal migration of the ovum. A case report.

Transperitoneal migration of ova resulting in intrauterine pregnancy is probably a common event yet rarely observed. Occasionally a woman lacks an ovary and contralateral fallopian tube; one such patient successfully carried an intrauterine pregnancy to term.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Transplantation of normal and ectopic human endometrial tissue into athymic nude mice.

Implants or tiny circumscribed nodules of endometrial tissue were found in all female mice given intraperitoneal injections of fragments of human normal (proliferative and secretory) or ectopic (endometrioma) endometrium. Half of these animals received estrogen supplementation and the other half received none. The endometriosis tissue present in these animals at 28 or 56 days after inoculation consisted of glands and stroma with an infiltration of hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Glands in tissue transplants of animals given supplemental estrogen tended to be larger, and the secretory endometrium tended to revert to a proliferative pattern. Palpable nodules at the site of subcutaneous inoculations of proliferative endometrium became undetectable grossly and microscopically within 24 to 32 days, whereas endometrioma tissue remained detectable for up to 70 days and resembled the intraperitoneal tissue microscopically. This study demonstrates that human endometrial tissue can be successfully transplanted into the nude mouse and will retain its basic morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The treatment of failed laparoscopy using open laparoscopy.

There are over 300,000 laparoscopies done each year in the United States, and about 60,000 in England. "Failed laparoscopies" in which the procedure cannot be accomplished, has variously been reported in 0.043-4.3/1000 cases. A reasonable estimate of failed laparoscopy of 0.75% suggest that up to 2250 cases of "failed laparoscopy" occurs each year in the USA and 450 in UK. The translation of such failures into the personal experience of patients and the overall cost is staggering despite the fact that failures are not common. Three cases of "failed laparoscopy" in which the procedure was easily completed by open laparoscopy are reported and discussed. Familiarity with the techniques of open laparoscopy could virtually eliminate the incidence of failed laparoscopies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Recurrent vaginal and cervical ulcers associated with tampon use.

Three cases of recurrent vaginal and cervical ulcers were associated with tampon use. We review the diagnosis, treatment, and management and discuss the possible etiologic mechanisms. Prevention of recurrent ulceration may be best approached by discontinuation of tampon use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Fibronectin and anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent growth of benign and malignant cell lines.

The presence of fibronectin in three "malignant" (AU-471, AU-436, LT-2) and two "benign" (BHK-21, WI-38) cell lines was demonstrated with a fluorescent antibody technique; two malignant (AU-471, AU-436) cell lines were fibronectin-negative and one (LT-2) retained fibronectin expression. One "benign" cell line (WI-38) expressed fibronectin, the other (BHK-21) did not. Anchorage-independent soft agar (AISA) growth correlated better with loss of fibronectin than with malignant potential. All three fibronectin-negative cell lines (benign and malignant) grew anchorage-independently (AU-471, AU-436, BHK-21), and both fibronectin-positive cell lines were anchorage-dependent (LT-2, WI-38). Surprisingly, the addition of Clg to anchorage-independent cells increased their anchorage-independent soft-agar cloning efficiency, but had no effect on anchorage-dependent cell lines. Anti-Clg antibodies decreased AISA growth. The effect of Clg on anchorage-independent growth varied with the concentration, and also between cell lines, and a variation in effect was noted between anchorage-independent (AISA) and anchorage-dependent (in flasks) growth even in the same cell line.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1983

New concepts and questions in gestational trophoblastic disease.

Hydatidiform moles can be divided into two distinct syndromes: partial, or transitional, and classic. Both classic and partial moles appear to result from abnormal fertilization but differ in the type of abnormal fertilization, karyotype, histology, epidemiology and malignant potential. Using chromosomal banding polymorphism, classic hydatidiform moles have been shown to be androgenetic in origin, developing from a sperm with the egg nucleus either absent or inactivated. No maternal chromosomes are transmitted to the classic mole. Studies using HLA and enzyme heterozygosity have suggested that fertilization occurs by a haploid sperm with duplication of its chromosomes and without cell division, giving the 46XX karyotype found in classic moles. About 4% of classic moles are 46XY and are also androgenetic but result from dispermic fertilization. The partial mole consists of hydropic villi, but some normal villi also are present. An embryo, cord and fetal membranes generally can also be found, and the karyotype frequently is aneuploid (usually triploid) and not the 46XX or 46XY of the classic mole. In contrast to the classic mole, the partial mole has a maternal chromosomal contribution. Preliminary data suggest that many partial moles arise from dispermic fertilization, with participation of the maternal genome giving a triploid karyotype. The malignant potential of the partial mole is still controversial, but preliminary data indicate that 2.1% of partial moles require treatment as compared to 10% of classic moles.

Choriocarcinoma↗