Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M G Bousser

Publications and source records attributed to M G Bousser.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Urinary 5-HIAA in migraine: evidence of lowered excretion in young adult females.

Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were determined in 44 young adult migraine patients (35 women, 9 men) between attacks and in 33 healthy controls (23 women, 10 men). HVA excretion was equivalent in all groups. 5-HIAA was unaltered in men but was significantly decreased in female migraine patients when compared with their sex-matched controls (-31%, p less than 0.01). No relationship was found between 5-HIAA excretion and the various characteristics of migraine, such as the time that had elapsed since the last attack and the presence or absence of oral contraception. The relatively marked decrease in 5-HIAA excretion in female migraine patients can hardly be accounted for by a reduction in either neuronal or platelet serotonin metabolism alone. A reduction in the intestinal contribution to urinary 5-HIAA might be the crucial factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Further studies.

To investigate further the topographical, clinical and temporal correlates of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) after supratentorial stroke, 55 patients suffering from a single unilateral ischaemic stroke in the carotid artery territory were studied with the quantitative oxygen-15 steady-state technique and positron tomography. Fourteen patients had one or more follow-up studies, contributing a total of 72 studies. The phenomenon of CCD, defined by depressed oxygen consumption in the contralateral cerebellum, was statistically significant in 58% of the studies. It was more prominent when the supratentorial infarct involved the internal capsule or the cortical mantle extensively, consistent with the hypothesis that it results from destruction of the corticopontocerebellar fibres. Although CCD was associated with the presence of hemiparesis, it also occurred in patients without hemiparesis and was not seen in all those with hemiparesis, suggesting that destruction of the pyramidal tract is neither necessary nor sufficient to induce CCD. Finally, CCD tended to persist over long periods of time after a stroke, pointing towards a transneuronal degeneration possibly akin to crossed cerebellar atrophy as a likely explanation for CCD. Nevertheless, CCD could be seen within hours of a stroke and sometimes disappeared within a few days, suggesting a temporal continuum between early, potentially reversible functional hypometabolism (diaschisis) and irreversible degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of thalamic stroke on energy metabolism of the cerebral cortex. A positron tomography study in man.

Positron emission tomography was used to study the effects of unilateral vascular thalamic lesions on cortical oxygen and glucose utilization in 10 patients. There was significant ipsilateral cortex hypometabolism in 9 of the 10 patients, affecting the whole cortical mantle diffusely. The only patient spared was free of neuropsychological deficit at the time of positron emission tomography. In 4 patients, the magnitude of ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism was significantly less at a follow-up PET study, when neuropsychological function had improved. When taken together, the 14 studies showed a significant tendency for the hypometabolism to improve with time after clinical onset. These data suggest that the ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism results from damage to the thalamocortical connections and reflect either loss of nonspecific activating afferences or a degenerative deafferentation-deafferentation process, or both. Its links with the concept of diaschisis are suggested by its tendency to recover. A causal relationship between cortical hypometabolism and neuropsychological deficit, however, although strongly suggested, cannot be firmly established from the present data.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Cortical hypometabolism after a thalamic lesion in man: positron tomography study].

We used positron emission tomography to study the effects of unilateral vascular thalamic lesions on cortical oxygen or glucose utilisation in 10 patients. There was a significant ipsilateral cortex hypometabolism in 9 of the 10 patients, affecting diffusely the whole cortical mantle. The only patient spared was free of neuropsychological deficit at time of PET study. In 4 patients, the magnitude of ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism was significantly less at follow-up PET study, together with improved neuropsychological function. When plotted altogether, the 14 studies showed a significant tendency for the hypometabolism to improve with time elapsed since clinical onset. On the whole, these data suggest that the ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism reflects an essentially functional alteration an not only a degenerating process. This most likely indicates a cortical deafferentation due to loss of non-specific thalamo-cortical connections, i.e. a phenomenon akin to "diaschisis". However, a causal relationship between cortical hypometabolism and neuropsychological deficit cannot be firmly established from the present data.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ischemic strokes and migraine.

The coincidence of migraine and ischemic strokes is rare but unequivocal. Some of the cases described are recalled and the possible mechanisms discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

CT in cerebral thrombophlebitis.

The authors report their experience based upon 56 cases of CT in cerebral thrombophlebitis. Direct signs of occlusion of the veins are infrequent and interest lies in the abnormalities due to brain edema or venous infarct. It is fundamental to recognize these infarcts as their evolution is favorable under treatment. Angiography is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of thrombophlebitis which can be only suspected on CT findings.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Hyperlipidemic dementia.

The dementia of a patient with hyperlipidemia improved dramatically on treatment with diet and fenofibrate. Rheologic study showed an abnormality of rouleaux disaggregation, and this disappeared as plasma lipid levels fell and mental state improved.

Clofibrate↗
PubMed1985

[Spinal forms of multiple sclerosis. Value and criticism of examination by cerebral magnetic resonance. Apropos of 4 cases].

Four observations of spinal forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been studied by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (Magniscan Thomson CGR 0,15 and 0,5 T). They concerned 3 females and 1 male, aged between 29 and 60. Evolution of MS varied between 1 year and 9 years. There were no familial story of neurological illness; there were no signs and symptoms of visual, oculo-motor, labyrinthic and cerebellar disorders in the past. VEP were abnormal in 2 cases (no 1, 3), BAEP in 1 case (no 2). CSF examination showed increased gamma globulins with an oligoclonal pattern in 2 cases (no 3,4). CT Scan performed with iodine contrast injection was normal in 3 cases (no 2,3,4). In all the cases, MRI using T2 weighted-SE sequences, showed high signal lesions in the white matter of the brain and/or the cerebellum, and periventricular patchy white matter lesions. It seems to be no relationship between the duration of MS and the number of abnormal high signals areas, but more important series are necessary to confirm or not such a result. These lesions seem to be without aetiological specificity. They have to be discussed according to the clinical biological, electro-physiological data and sometimes others neuroradiological procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Regional hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of temporo-sylvian anastomosis. Study of 15 patients by positron emission tomography].

Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), Oxygen Extraction Fraction, and Oxygen utilization (CMRO2) have been studied in 15 patients before and After Extra-Intracranial Arterial bypass (EIAB), using PET and 150 steady-State Inhalation technique. Fourteen patients had carotid artery obstructive lesions and the last one a middle cerebral artery occlusion. In the whole group of patients, both CBF and CMRO2 increased significantly on both cerebral hemispheres after the EIAB. This effect was more marked in patients with extensive occlusive disease of neck vessels. This metabolic improvement afforded by EIAB in our patients suggests that long-standing hemodynamic failure may induce a metabolic depression that's still potentially reversible by surgical revascularization. On the other hand, improvement of focal CBF abnormalities depends, in our patients, upon the preoperative coupling of CBF-CMRO2 (mainly misery perfusion syndrome) as reported earlier.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Severe stenoses and persistent occlusions of the middle cerebral artery: hemodynamic and metabolic consequences studied by positron tomography].

Using positron emission tomography and the 15O continuous inhalation technique, we have measured the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) and oxygen consumption (rCMRO2) of non-infarcted tissue in six patients with either tight stenosis (N = 3) or occlusion (N = 3) of the trunk of the middle cerebral artery (MCA); these arterial lesions were shown to be persistent on late and/or repeated angiograms. The patients were studied 1 to 6 months after their last cerebral ischemic event. The data were analyzed in 4 cm2 regions of interest (fig. 1) and were compared to age-matched control values. Regional right/left ratios were tested for significance individually by comparison to 95 p. 100 confidence limits found in control subjects. We found a significant reduction in mean rCBF in the affected MCA territory; concomitantly, there was a lesser decrease in rCMRO2 significant only in the peri-sylvian area; this was associated with a moderate but significant increase in rOEF in the same areas (Table II, fig. 2 and 3). Individually, the reduction in rCBF and the increased rOEF were significant in 5/6 and 2/6 patients, respectively (Table III). These data indicate that rCBF is decreased distal to persistent hemodynamic MCA obstruction in most patients. This hypoperfusion appears due in part to a mild degree of cerebral ischemia (as demonstrated by the occurrence of "misery perfusion"), indicating inadequate perfusion pressure distal to the MCA obstruction. This was associated with a metabolic depression of the cortex possibly resulting from either neuronal loss, or deactivation (diaschisis), or long-standing hemodynamic local failure or any combination of the three.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Local interrelationships of cerebral oxygen consumption and glucose utilization in normal subjects and in ischemic stroke patients: a positron tomography study.

With the use of positron emission tomography (PET) and the 15O steady-state-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose combined method, the local interrelationships between the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose ( CMRGlc ) were investigated in control subjects and in stroke patients. In addition to the classic in vivo autoradiographic approach, a kinetic method was used to measure CMRGlc because it was expected to be more reliable in cerebral ischemia. In control subjects local coupling between CBF, CMRO2, and CMRGlc was confirmed, and acceptable values for the CMRO2/ CMRGlc ratio were found; the latter, however, was lower in white matter than in gray. Uncoupling between CMRO2 and CMRGlc was observed in all stroke patients, suggesting that (1) enhanced anaerobic glycolysis occurred both in reperfused recent infarcts and in chronically ischemic tissue, and (2) substrates other than blood-borne glucose were being oxidized at the borders of recent infarcts. However, methodological uncertainties presently make such observations only tentative. Finally, a coupled depression of CMRO2 and CMRGlc was found in the contralateral cerebellum.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Subacute myopathy revealing hyperthyroidism].

Progressively increasing muscle weakness of the proximal regions of the lower limbs over a period of two months in a 57-year-old woman was found to be due to an undiagnosed hyperthyroidism. Total relief from muscle weakness was obtained when euthyroidism was restored. In spite of its rarity, hyperthyroidal myopathy should be suspected in all cases of acquired myopathic disorders in adults inasmuch treatment of the hyperthyroidism leads to recovery.

Female↗
PubMed1983

[Controlled cooperative trial of secondary prevention of cerebral ischemic accidents caused by atherosclerosis, using aspirin and dipyridamole].

Six hundred and four patients with atherothrombotic cerebral ischemic events (transient: 16% or completed: 84%) referable either to the carotid or to the vertebral-basilar circulation were entered into a double blind randomized clinical trial (AICLA) to determine whether aspirin (A) (1 g/day) or aspirin (1 g) + dipyridamole (225 mg) (AD) would produce a significant reduction in the subsequent (3 years) occurrence of fatal and non fatal cerebral infarction. Randomization produced remarkably comparable treatment groups and this good comparability was maintained throughout the study. Adherence to the protocol and drug compliance were excellent. Side effects, particularly peptic ulcers and bleedings of various origin, were significantly (p less than 0.03) more frequent in the two treatment groups containing aspirin. At the end of the study (3 years), the number of fatal and non fatal cerebral infarction was 31 in the P group (placebo), 17 in the A group and 18 in the AD group. Taking into account the duration of follow up for each patient, these figures correspond to cumulate rates of 18% in the P group and 10.5% in the 2 others. Analysis with the Mantel Method showed: a difference at the 6% level between the 3 groups and between P and AD; a difference at the 5% level between P and A; no difference between A and AD; a difference at the 2% level between the P group and the two treated groups taken together (A + AD).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗