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Biomedical subjects

M Fukui

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukui.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of human recombinant interferon-gamma on immunological parameters in brain tumor patients--report of two cases.

Two patients with brain tumors were treated with human recombinant interferon-gamma (ReIFN-gamma) in a clinical phase II study, and its effects on their white blood cell counts, T cell subsets, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and tuberculin skin reactions were investigated. Leukopenia developed shortly after the start of therapy and persisted until its discontinuation, after which the white blood cell counts recovered. T cell subsets were dramatically altered, with an increase in OKT4+ cells and a decrease in OKT8+ cells, within 4 hours after the administration of ReIFN-gamma. NK cell activity was suppressed at 4 hours after administration but was slightly enhanced at 12 hours after administration. The tuberculin skin reaction was also enhanced during the therapy. ReIFN-gamma may be effective in augmenting host defenses against brain tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Effectiveness of local delivery of ofloxacin using controlled-release strips (PT-01) in periodontal patients. Part 2. Successive delivery system and combination with scaling].

Four different sites were randomly selected in each periodontal patient and divided into four group: PT-01-treated site (A), PT-01 treatment combined with scaling (S + A), placebo-treated site (P) and placebo treatment combined with scaling (S + P). PT-01 and the placebo were applied to the periodontal pocket weekly on days 0 to 28, and clinical and microbiological evaluations were made. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Weekly changes in plaque index, plus discharge and mobility of the tooth were not observed in any group. 2. In gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and gingival crevicular fluid, significant improvement was found in A in comparison with P and in S + A in comparison with S + P. 3. In total number of subgingival bacteria and in the ratio of motile rods and spirochetes to the total number of bacteria, significant reduction was found in A in comparison with P and in S + A in comparison with S + P.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1989

Dissociated mesencephalic responses to medial and ventral thalamic nuclei stimulation in rats. Relationship to analgesic mechanisms.

To investigate the mechanism of analgesia noted with electrical stimulation of the thalamic sensory relay nucleus and medial thalamus, modulations of neuronal activities in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) were studied in response to electrical stimulations of the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) and parafascicular nucleus (Pf) and to peripheral noxious stimulations in rats. Extracellular single-unit activities were recorded from 102 neurons in the PAG and the adjacent area in animals under halothane anesthesia. A large population (83%) of the PAG neurons reacted to Pf stimulations with a predominantly excitatory response, whereas smaller numbers (43%) responded to VPL stimulations. There was a significant correlation between the response characteristics of Pf and noxious stimulations, whereas no correlation was found between VPL and noxious stimulations. The PAG neurons that were verified antidromically to project to the nucleus raphe magnus showed a similar pattern of response. The excitatory response to the Pf stimulation was partially attenuated by systemic administration of naloxone, whereas that to the VPL stimulation was not affected. These results suggest that part of the analgesic mechanism of medial thalamus stimulation involves activation of the descending pain suppression system by exciting the PAG neurons through the opioid system, while the analgesia produced by sensory relay nucleus stimulation does not involve the PAG neurons or the opioid system.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1989

Hypothalamic hamartoma. Report of two cases.

Two cases of hypothalamic hamartoma are presented. The first patient was a 4-year-old boy with precocious puberty, and the second was a 6-year-old boy with epileptic seizures. In both patients, clinical symptoms and signs appeared at the age of 2 years and progressed thereafter. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in both cases disclosed a suprasellar mass lesion in continuity with the hypothalamus. Removal of the lesions affected the endocrinological status and/or seizure control. Pathological examination revealed the lesions to be composed of well-differentiated neuronal and glial cells. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of beta-endorphin, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin, and neurofilament protein (210 kD) in the neuronal cells of the first patient, but no neuropeptides were detected in the second. Electron microscopic examination on the second patient disclosed the presence of many nonmyelinated and some myelinated neuronal processes containing dense-core and clear vesicles. The morphological characteristics and the role of surgery for this lesion are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Microsurgical anatomy of the tentorial sinuses.

Variations of the tentorial sinus of cadaver cerebellar tentoria were examined under a surgical microscope. The tentorial sinuses were classified into four groups: Group I, in which the sinus received venous blood from the cerebral hemisphere; Group II, in which the sinus drains the cerebellum; Groups III, in which the sinus originates in the tentorium itself; and Group IV, in which the sinus originates from a vein bridging to the tentorial free edge. The tentorial sinuses of Groups I and II were frequently located in the posterior portion of the tentorium. The sinuses of Group I were short and most frequently present in the lateral portion of the tentorium. The tentorial sinuses of Group II, which were usually large and drained into the dural sinuses near the torcular, were separated into five subtypes according to the draining veins and direction of termination. The tentorial sinuses of Groups III and IV were located near the tentorial free edge or the straight sinus. The draining patterns of the tentorial sinuses and their draining veins (so-called "bridging veins") were present in most cases. Knowledge of this anatomy can benefit the neurosurgeon carrying out repair near or on the cerebellar tentorium.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1989

Spotted fever group rickettsia in dogs in Japan.

Prevalence of antibody against spotted fever group-rickettsia in dogs (14/134) from the northern part of Shikoku Island, where spotted fever group rickettsia infection in human is endemic, is significantly higher than that in dogs (4/189) from nonendemic areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A mechanism of c-raf-1 activation: fusion of the lipocortin II amino-terminal sequence with the c-raf-1 kinase domain.

In order to understand the mechanism of oncogenic activation, we have analyzed the c-raf-1 gene from the GL-5-JCK human glioblastoma, which underwent rearrangement during transfection experiments. Nucleotide sequencing of cDNA clones derived from the 2.5 kb raf-mRNA, which is a major transcript of raf in NIH3T3 cells transformed with GL-5-JCK DNA, revealed that this mRNA contains sequences derived from the human c-raf-1 gene and the human lipocortin II gene. Translation of the 2.5 kb raf-mRNA predicted a fusion protein consisting of 16 amino-terminal amino acid residues of the lipocortin II and 370 carboxy-terminal amino acid residues of the c-raf-1 protein which contains the kinase domain. Expression of the lipocortin II-raf cDNA using the murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat as promoter resulted in the transformation of NIH3T3 cells.

Annexins↗
PubMed1989

Frequent infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I in patients with AIDS but not in carriers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was measured in 49 Japanese patients (48 with hemophilia) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and in 18 hemophiliacs who were not infected with HIV-1, by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antigen used was a gag-env hybrid protein constructed in vitro and expressed in Escherichia coli. This assay detected a specific antibody against HTLV-I. Four of the 18 HIV-1-negative hemophiliacs (22%) were positive for anti-HTLV-I antibody; their geometric mean titer was 951 U/ml. Seven of the 12 patients (58%) with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were positive for anti-HTLV-I antibody, and 8 of 35 HIV-1 + AIDS-free carriers (23%) were positive. The difference between the prevalence of HTLV-I infection in the two groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.0297). The geometric mean titer of antibody in the patients with AIDS was 318 U/ml and that for the HIV-1 + AIDS-free carriers was 1,496 U/ml. These findings suggest that HTLV-I infection could be one of the factors in the development of AIDS in individuals infected with HIV-I.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Effects of thalamic parafascicular stimulation on the periaqueductal gray and adjacent reticular formation neurons. A possible contribution to pain control mechanisms.

To investigate the mechanism of analgesic effect of electrical stimulation of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus (Pf), we studied modulations of neuronal activities in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the adjacent reticular formation (RF) in response to Pf electrical and peripheral noxious stimulations in the rat. Extracellular single unit activities were recorded from 129 neurons in the PAG and adjacent RF under light halothane anesthesia. Pf stimulation caused neuronal responses in approximately 80% of the PAG and adjacent RF neurons, and noxious stimulation in 75%, with predominant excitatory responses to either stimulation. When the responses to the two stimuli were tested in the same neurons (n = 69), 91% responding to noxious stimuli also responded to Pf stimuli, again with predominant excitatory responses to either stimulation. The PAG and adjacent RF neurons that were verified antidromically to project to the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), showed a similar pattern of response (n = 20). These results suggest that a sizeable population of neurons in the PAG and adjacent RF receives excitatory effects from the Pf and noxious afferents, and that part of these neurons projects to the NRM, which inhibits the dorsal horn cells of the spinal cord (the descending pain suppression system). Thus, part of the mechanism of the analgesic effects of Pf stimulation is due to activation of the descending pain suppression system by exciting the PAG and adjacent RF neurons. A possible role of noxious afferents on the negative feedback to pain mediation through this descending system also has to be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Brain stem gliomas: a clinicopathological analysis of 23 histologically proven cases.

The clinical and anatomic pathological findings in 23 patients with histologically proven brain stem glioma were reviewed. Eleven patients had malignant tumors (astrocytoma, grade III, and glioblastoma multiforme) and the remaining had low grade ones. The primary site of the tumor was the pons in 15 of 21 patients examined, followed by the medulla oblongata and midbrain. Continuous cephalad and caudad involvement of pontine tumors was evident in 14 patients, and was more extensive in the high grade gliomas. At autopsy, the tumor spread via the CSF was observed in all patients with high grade but not low grade tumors. Open surgical posterior fossa exploration was performed on 12 patients. Volume reduction, by partial removal of the tumor and/or by cyst evacuation, was performed on seven, with good results. Nineteen patients were given radiation therapy, with temporary improvement of the clinical conditions. While none of the patients with malignant tumors survived more than 15 months after diagnosis, those with low grade tumors had a five-year actuarial survival rate of 50.0%, and three survived more than ten years after the diagnosis. Our data indicate that brain stem gliomas are not a homogeneous group of tumors as far as the clinical and pathological features are concerned. This heterogeneity shows the need to design specific treatments for these tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Vascular permeability and cell kinetics of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat brain tumours.

Vascular permeability and proliferative activity of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat brain tumours were studied by intravenous injection of Evans blue dye (EB) and by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake examinations. Tumours induced by ENU showed various histologial types, and they were oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligo-astrocytomas, mixed oligo-ependymomas, astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic gliomas, and ependymomas. The labelling indexes (LIs: the ratio of BrdU-labelled cells to total cells) of tumour and vascular component cells in the tumour were high in anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic gliomas and ependymomas, but low in oligodendrogliomas. EB stained anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic gliomas and ependymomas deeply, but did not penetrate oligodendrogliomas. In mixed gliomas, EB staining and the LIs of tumour cells were not uniform. After intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol into tumour-bearing rats, tumour staining with EB and the LIs of tumour cells were not increased, whereas the penetration of EB into the normal brain was drastically increased. Therefore it is not likely that the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumour could be increased by intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol. Our data suggest that the vascular permeability of tumour vessels is highly correlated with the high proliferative activity of tumour and its vascular cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A case of moyamoya disease with progressive involvement from unilateral to bilateral.

A case of Moyamoya disease in a child starting with unilateral lesion and developing into bilateral involvement is reported. Angiographic findings at onset showed unilateral involvement, hence, it was filed as a "probable" case according to the diagnostic criteria of the Japanese Cooperative Research Committee. The carotid angiograms, on the other side were totally normal. Three years later the occlusive lesion became bilateral, to meet the criteria as a "definite" case. Clinical manifestations, angiograms, electroencephalograms, and positron emission tomograms in this case are presented, and the relation between the probable and definite cases is discussed.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Epithelial cells in symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts. A light- and electron-microscopic study.

Epithelial cells composing symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts were examined electron microscopically in two cases, and the fine structures were compared with those of the mucosa in the normal sphenoid sinus, of the normal choroid plexuses, and of a craniopharyngioma with goblet and ciliated cells. The Rathke's cleft cysts were composed of a single or pseudostratified epithelial layer abutting on the connective tissue. The epithelial cells were of four different kinds of cells, such as goblet, ciliated, flat, and basal cells. The flat cells containing bundles of tonofilaments and desmosomes were the squamous cells. They were present in a single-epithelial layer in both cases. The basal cells were present as small, wedge-shaped cells, even if the number was very small. The epithelial cells in Rathke's cleft cysts were more similar to those of the mucosa in the sphenoid sinus and those of a craniopharyngioma with goblet and ciliated cells than those of the choroid plexus. This study indicates the close relationship between Rathke's cleft cysts and mucosa in the sphenoid sinus or craniopharyngioma with ciliated and goblet cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gliomas with dural invasion: computed tomography and angiography.

This report is a review of the findings of computed tomography and angiography of eight supratentorial gliomas with dural invasion. Computed tomography revealed localized increases in the thickness of ring enhancements at the sites of dural invasion in four cases, which was attributed to increased blood supplies by the meningeal vessels. Angiographically, feeders from the meningeal vessels entered the tumors mostly through relatively broad areas of tumor-dura attachment. A sunburst type of neovascularity from a meningeal artery was seen in only one case. In most such cases the differential diagnosis from meningioma was possible by the computed tomographic and angiographic findings. Selective external carotid angiography was the most important examination for diagnosing dural invasion by gliomas.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1988

Accessory nerve schwannoma extending extracranially to the second cervical level of vertebra.

We described a 67-year-old man who had a right jugular foramen tumour expanding extracranially to the level of C2 cervical body. Paralysis of the glossopharyngeal, vagal, accessory, hypoglossal nerves and sensorineural hearing disturbance were found. The tumour originated from the accessory nerve and the histological examination revealed it was schwannoma. Accessory nerve as an origin of the jugular foramen neurinoma and its pre-operative neurological signs are reviewed.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1988

A gag-env hybrid protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and its application to serum diagnosis.

A fused gene of the gag and env sequences of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia, was constructed in vitro and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gag-env hybrid protein accumulated as insoluble granules with a yield of approximately 12% of the total proteins. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay done with the use of the gag-env hybrid protein, all 57 seropositive sera gave positive signals, and none of the sera from normal persons did. This system can produce large quantities of the gag-env hybrid protein, which can be used for mass screening of human sera for HTLV-I infection.

Epitopes↗