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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Analysis of DNA ploidy patterns of gastric carcinomas of Japanese.

Ploidy patterns of gastric carcinomas of 54 Japanese patients, ranging in age from 28 to 82 years, were determined by cytofluorometry. The gastric cancers were divided into four basic ploidy patterns; the first pattern was a diploid mode, the second was a heteroploid mode, the third was a mosaic pattern of a diploid and a heteroploid mode, and the fourth was a mosaic of two or more different heteroploid modes. The incidence was 68.4%, 14.8%, 12.9%, and 3.7% in the first, second, third, and fourth patterns, respectively. All the cancers contained polyploid populations, whereas the early cancers tended to contain a lesser amount of polyploid cells than the advanced ones. Diffuse-type cancers and well-differentiated, intestinal-type adenocarcinomas were mostly unimodal cancers of the diploidy or heteroploidy, whereas poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were often mosaic cancers of several different ploidies. There was no correlation between ploidy patterns and ages and sexes of patients. For 11 cases, labeling indices with 3H-thymidine were determined. Labeling indices of the intestinal-type and diffuse-type cancers were 12% to 27% and 7% to 19%, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Single neuron activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkey during operant behavior sustained by food reward.

The activity of 190 neurons was recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys during an operant task that consisted of 3 phases: visual discrimination of food and non-food, bar pressing to gain access to the food and ingestion. In area 8, a fairly large proportion of the 49 recorded neurons responded in both the visual discrimination (37%) and motor initiation (35%) phases. Some functional heterogeneity seems evident within area 8 since visual discrimination responses were rostral, visuokinesis was central and motor initiation was in the caudal bank of the arcuate sulcus. Neurons in area 9 responded primarily (37%) during the bar pressing phase and less during the visual discrimination phase. Neurons in area 10 responded variously during most phases of the task--food discrimination, bar pressing, and ingestion. Neurons in the periprincipal sulcal area usually responded in the visual discrimination phase, but some which did not respond to food presented in front of the subject responded to meaningful visual or auditory cues that were related to food reward. The data suggest that neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have multiple functions related to all phases of complex, learned feeding behavior. Functional roles of the prefrontal cortex and the lateral hypothalamus in development of feeding behavior are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Structure of sialylated fucosyl lactosaminoglycan isolated from human granulocytes.

Sialylated fucosyl lactosaminoglycan was isolated from human neutrophilic granulocytes and its structure was elucidated. The lactosaminoglycan glycopeptides were digested by endo-beta-galactosidase and "the core portion" and released oligosaccharides were analyzed by permethylation, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and exoglycosidases. In addition, lactosaminoglycan saccharides were obtained by hydrazinolysis and the structures of fractionated sialyl oligosaccharides were analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and permethylation coupled with exoglycosidase treatment. The structure of one of the major components was found to be: (Formula: see text). This structure is unique in that 1) four linear polylactosaminyl side chains are attached to the core portion, 2) the side chain arising from position 4 of 2,4-linked mannose contains one or more alpha 1----3 fucosyl residues, 3) the side chain arising from position 6 of 2,6-linked mannose is terminated with NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc, sialyl Lex, and 4) the side chain arising from position 2 of 2,4-linked mannose is terminated with sialic acid through alpha 2----6 linkage.

Amino Sugars↗
PubMed1984

Pressure dependence of thermolysin catalysis.

A comparison of the pressure and temperature dependences of the catalytic reaction of thermolysin, a thermostable neutral protease from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, with those of a non-thermostable neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis revealed a distinct difference in Km values of these enzymes for 3-(2-furyl)acrylyl-blocked dipeptide and tripeptide substrates, but not for Kcat. Namely, the volume changes for the binding process (delta V) for these substrates and several competitive inhibitors were -20- -30 ml/mol for thermolysin and nearly 0 ml/mol for the non-thermostable neutral protease. The enthalpy and entropy changes for the binding process were negative for thermolysin, but positive for the latter enzyme. The activation volumes (delta V not equal to) for the kcat process were 25 -35 ml/mol for both proteases, and activation enthalpy and entropy showed no significant difference between the two enzymes. The characteristic difference in the pressure and the temperature dependences seen for the binding process is discussed in relation to the thermostability of the proteases.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1984

Interruption of a human nuclear sequence homologous to mitochondrial DNA by a member of the KpnI 1.8 kb family.

We reported that several DNA sequences homologous to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are present in the human nuclear genome (Tsuzuki et al. (1983) Gene 25, 223-229). Detailed Southern blot analyses revealed that one of such sequences is interrupted by a repetitive sequence about 1.8 kb long, and that the insert is one member of the dispersed repeated DNA sequences of the KpnI 1.8 kb family. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the KpnI 1.8 kb DNA is flanked with imperfect 15-base pair (bp) direct repeats of mtDNA. This KpnI 1.8 kb DNA has an A-rich sequence at its 3'-end, and has a considerable homology with one of the published cDNA sequences homologous to one of the human KpnI families and also to one of the African green monkey KpnI families, KpnI-LS1. These structural features suggest that the KpnI 1.8 kb DNA is a movable element and is inserted within the mtDNA-like sequence by an RNA-mediated process.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Structure of branched lactosaminoglycan, the carbohydrate moiety of band 3 isolated from adult human erythrocytes.

The structure of branched lactosaminoglycan isolated from Band 3 glycoprotein of adult human erythrocytes was elucidated. The glycopeptides were digested by endo-beta-galactosidase under various conditions and oligosaccharides and core glycopeptides thus obtained and intact glycopeptides were analyzed by methylation, exoglycosidase digestion, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Based on these experiments, the structure of adult lactosaminoglycan was found to have the following unique features: 1) two (as major components) or three (as minor components) polylactosaminyl side chains composed of (Gal beta 1----4 GlcNAc beta 1----3) repeating units are attached to the core portion, the structure of which is Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3) [+/- GlcNAc beta 1----4]Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAc----Asn, 2) the polylactosaminyl side chain arising from the mannose C-6 side is composed of 10-12 N-acetyllactosaminyl units and three branches; the lactosaminyl side chain arising from the mannose C-3 side is composed of 5-6 lactosaminyl units and contains one or two branches, 3) each branch is short and is composed of the Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6 structure, 4) fucose and sialic acid are preferentially linked to nonreducing terminal regions but not on the branches in the internal portion of the polylactosaminyl chain.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Structure of fetal lactosaminoglycan. The carbohydrate moiety of Band 3 isolated from human umbilical cord erythrocytes.

The structure of lactosaminoglycan prepared from Band 3 glycoprotein of umbilical cord blood erythrocytes was elucidated. The glycopeptides were digested by endo-beta-galactosidase and oligosaccharides, core glycopeptides, and intact glycopeptides were analyzed by permethylation, exoglycosidase digestion, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The structure of one of the major components was found to be: sequence in text This structure is unique in that 1) two linear polylactosaminyl chains are attached to the core portion, 2) the polylactosaminyl side chain is much longer on the Man alpha 1----6 side than on the Man alpha 1----3 side, 3) alpha 2----3-linked sialic acid is present at the terminal of the long polylactosaminyl side chain, whereas alpha 2----6-linked sialic acid is present in the other short side chain, and 4) fucose is linked only to the external position of the lactosaminyl side chain and fucose, alpha 1----6-linked to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine, is absent.

Amino Sugars↗
PubMed1984

Isolation and characterization of polyfucosylated lactosaminoglycan from human granulocytes.

Lactosaminoglycan was isolated from human granulocytes and the structure of neutral lactosaminoglycan was elucidated. The lactosaminoglycan glycopeptides and lactosaminoglycan saccharides obtained by hydrazinolysis were analyzed by permethylation. In addition, the lactosaminoglycan was digested by endo-beta-galactosidase and the "core" portion and released oligosaccharides were analyzed by specific glycosidases, permethylation, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The structure of the major component in the neutral lactosaminoglycan was found to be: sequence in text where m + n + o + p greater than 6, and the mean value of fucose content = 4.5. This structure is unique in that 1) four linear polylactosaminyl chains are attached to the core portions, 2) N-acetylglucosamine residues in the polylactosaminyl side chains are substituted with fucose through an alpha 1----3 linkage and at least 1 mol of Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc terminal structure is present, and 3) the tetraantennary core is a major component. Since this polyfucosylated lactosaminoglycan is abundantly present in human granulocytes, we propose that this lactosaminoglycan is a major carrier for the granulocyte-specific antigen, Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc, which is recognized by the My-1 monoclonal antibody (Huang, L. C., Civin, C. I., Magnani, J. L., Shaper, J. H., and Ginsburg, V. (1983) Blood 61, 1020-1023).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radiographic study of acute gastric anisakiasis.

The radiographic findings from 226 patients with acute gastric anisakiasis are reviewed. Suggestive but indeterminate findings such as coarse and broad gastric folds caused by mucosal edema were demonstrated in 224 patients (98%). In 179 patients (88%) mucosal edema was so extensive that it occupied more than half of the entire gastric wall. The most diagnostic radiographic finding, present in 139 patients, was the appearance of a threadlike filling defect about 3 cm in length, showing an anisakis larva itself. Careful demonstration of these radiographic findings is useful for the diagnosis of acute gastric anisakiasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Histopathological findings concerning the morphogenesis of mixed carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The morphological and functional glandular characteristics of cervical cancers have been studied in terms of the degree of mucous reaction and glandular structure and the morphogenesis of such lesions has been discussed. Among 128 cases of frank invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix, glandular structure was found in 42 cases (32.8%) and a positive mucous reaction without glandular structure was found in 43 cases (33.6%). Adenocarcinoma was defined as all frank invasive carcinoma with more than 80% glandular structure (R greater than 80%). Lesions with less than 5% glandular structure (R less than or equal to 5%) and a negative mucous reaction were defined as epidermoid carcinoma, and all remaining lesions were defined as mixed carcinoma. Following these definitions, the percentages of adenocarcinoma and mixed and epidermoid carcinomas among the frank invasive carcinoma cases were 10.2 (13 cases), 12.5 (16 cases), and 77.3% (99 cases). The histological structure of the 16 cases of mixed carcinoma included 3 cases of acanthomatous change adenocarcinoma, 4 cases of collision pattern of adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma, and 9 cases where the lesion is thought to develop by bipotential differentiation together with the neoplastic changes of reserve cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Caudate unit activity during operant feeding behavior in monkeys and modulation by cooling prefrontal cortex.

Activity was recorded from 351 neurons in the head of the caudate nucleus (CD) of monkeys during an operant feeding task consisting of: (1) food or non-food presentation (P); (2) bar pressing (B); and (3) food acquisition and ingestion (I). Of 45 neurons which responded in the P phase and were tested systematically, 27 responded to visual presentation of both food and non-food (non-specific response), and 18 responded to food presentation only (food specific response). The magnitude of food specific responses depended on the nature of the food and was inversely related to the latency of the onset of bar pressing. Thirty-five neurons responded in the B phase: 28 changed firing rate continuously with no correlation to individual bar presses, while the activity of the other 7 was related to each bar press. In the I phase, 62 neurons responded to separate events: the activity of more than half (39 neurons) was often related to chewing movement or gustatory stimuli, and that of one third (23 neurons) changed during individual arm movements. The neurons which responded in the P phase were found to be distributed widely in the head of the CD except for its central zone, while the neurons which responded in the I phase were in the medial part. Cooling of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex abolished the continuous responses seen in the B phase, but did not abolish the feeding behavior. The data suggest that in the head of the CD there are several groups of neurons that have different functions and different distributions: food specific, sensory integration responses, non-motor responses driven by the frontal cortex, motor responses coupled to various movements, and sensory responses which apparently originate in the intra-oral cavity. These functions may arise sequentially, or in correspondence with integration of the sensory and motor systems to produce coordinated behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

CT findings of medulloblastoma.

Computed tomography (CT) of 11 patients with medulloblastoma was evaluated. 6 of them showed solid, nearly homogenous lesions and definite enhancement after infusion of contrast medium. However, 5 cases showed heterogenous mass lesions composed of the areas of low density and iso- or slightly high density which was attenuated by contrast enhancement. Histological examinations revealed that 2 cases had differentiated medulloblastomas, but the other 3 typical medulloblastomas. It should be reminded in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar tumors of pediatric patients that medulloblastoma can reveal heterogenous mass in CT scan.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Serum erythropoietin (ESF) levels and erythroid progenitors (CFU-Es) of patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders.

Serum erythropoietin (ESF) levels and the numbers of marrow and blood erythroid progenitors (CFU-Es) of patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) were studied simultaneously. The numbers of marrow and blood CFU-Es per 1 x 10(5) cells were normal or greatly elevated. There was an inverse correlation between the hemoglobin concentration and the serum ESF level in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia when the hemoglobin concentration ranged from 9.0 to 13.0 g/100 ml. The serum ESF level was closely related to the hemoglobin concentration in CMPD and it was suggested that the negative feedback mechanism might operate in anemic patients with CMPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Severe pulmonary vascular disease consisting of ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. A case diagnosed as the indication for total correction by the hemodynamic study.

A 12-year-old girl with ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension was hemodynamically diagnosed as the indication for total correction by the initial cardiac catheterization. However, histologic assessment by lung biopsy revealed the terminal stage of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, i.e. plexiform lesions, dilatation lesions and fibrinoid necrosis of the media which denied the possibility of corrective surgery. We would like to stress that the open lung biopsy should be performed when the hemodynamic study indicates marginal operability, especially in older children and adults in order to investigate the grade of occlusive pulmonary vascular disease.

Child↗