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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A retrospective study on postoperative pulmonary dysfunction as a function of the surgical injury].

Pre- and postoperative pulmonary function tests were studied retrospectively in 80 patients. They were divided into one of 5 groups: 1, surgery of the upper abdomen; 2, surgery of the lower abdomen; 3, surgery of the body surface; 4, thoracic surgery; and 5, extensive abdominal surgery. Postoperative pulmonary function tests were performed when the patients recovered to be able to sit up. The time necessary to reach this stage varied from 8 th postoperative day in groups 1, 2, and 3 to 24 postoperative day in groups 4 and 5. FRC, %FEV1.0, V25, and TV were unchanged in groups 1 and 2 postoperatively. There was a significant reduction in VC to 81.6 +/- 24.1% and 89.1 +/- 13.3% of the preoperative value in group 1 and 2, respectively. A significant decrease in TLC and a significant increase in RV were observed in group 1. The changes in pulmonary mechanics can be attributed to the muscle dysfunction during inspiratory and expiratory effort. A decrease in TLC and an increase in RV were also observed in group 2. All of the pulmonary function variables remained unchanged postoperatively in group 3. The restrictive pulmonary dysfunction with significantly reduced VC was observed in groups 4 and 5. V50 and V25 were significantly decreased in group 4. These changes could be attributed to the use of the extracorporeal circulation during cardiac surgery and the postoperative mechanical ventilation. TLC decreased significantly in groups 4 and 5, and RV increased significantly in group 5, but unchanged in group 4. The results indicate that the expiratory muscles function normally following the thoracic surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Chronic subdural hematoma associated with primary thrombocythemia; report of an operated case, using plateletpheresis].

Primary thrombocythemia is a chronic proliferative disorder of the bone marrow in which either thrombotic or paradoxically hemorrhagic symptoms or both may occur due to the pathological increase in the number of platelets. The mechanism of hemorrhagic diathesis in this disorder is not fully defined. We presented a rare case of primary thrombocythemia developing chronic subdural hematoma which was surgically managed with the use of plateletpheresis. It was believed that plateletpheresis was useful in controlling hemorrhagic complications during surgery associated with primary thrombocythemia. A 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of motor weakness on the right side. The patient had no episode of head trauma. CT scan demonstrated the presence of subdural hematoma in the left frontotemporal region with significant ventricular shift and deformity. No definite abnormalities were disclosed on laboratory examination except for the hemogram in which platelet count was extremely elevated and read 109 x 10(4)/mm3. Examination of bone marrow smears disclosed an abnormal increase in megakaryocytes. Despite the increase in the number of the platelets, other coagulation studies gave normal results. Prior to surgery plateletpheresis was attempted in hopes of reducing the number of peripheral platelets and eventually avoiding the risk of hemorrhagic complications during surgery. As a result surgery for aspiration of the hematoma was successfully performed. The postoperative course remained uneventful as the patient continuously underwent two courses of plateletpheresis and chemotherapy. The patient was discharged with no neurological deficits and the peripheral platelets remained reduced in number at 50 x 10(4)/mm3 two months after discharge.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Carcinoma of the gastric remnant fed by the accessory left gastric artery--a case report].

A 65-year-old female, who had undergone partial gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction for duodenal ulcer 22 years ago, visited our hospital with a complaint of anorexia. Roentgenogram and endoscopic examination revealed a protruding lesion on the posterior wall of the gastric remnant. An endoscopic biopsy specimen was histologically regarded as carcinoma. Proper hepatic arteriography revealed an accessory left gastric artery arising from the left hepatic artery, which was a main feeder to the tumor. Total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and splenectomy were performed. Histology of the tumor was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma located in the submucosal layer. To our knowledge, there is no report about the carcinoma of the gastric remnant fed by the accessory left gastric artery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Delay in red blood cell recovery after major ABO incompatible bone marrow transplantation].

In 6 of 27 patients in whom major ABO incompatible marrow was transplanted, the recovery of red blood cells (reticulocyte count greater than or equal to 1%) required more than 50 days after the transplantation. In 3 of them, more than 100 days were required. High titers of pre-transplant anti-A or anti-B agglutinin correlated with the delay in red blood cell recovery (IgM: p less than 0.01, IgG: p less than 0.05). In all of the patients whose pre-transplant IgM titers were 4 or less, and whose IgG titers were 32 or less, the red blood cells recovered within 50 days. Administration of cyclosporine did not correlate with the delay in red blood cell recovery. All the patients finally developed red cell production within 8 months without any treatment.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of transvaginal sonographic appearance and endometrial histology].

Transvaginal sonograms were performed randomly in 51 patients in order to study the changes that occur in the normal endometrium. A total of 68 sonograms were performed. The accuracy of sonographic estimates of the endometrium was evaluated in 51 patients who underwent endometrial biopsy. Sonographic patterns were classified into six types. In the menstrual phase, the endometrial pattern showed hyper-echogenicity and an irregular border, then the pattern became thin and linear. The pattern assumed a leaf shape with hypo-echogenicity in the mid proliferative phase and hyper-echogenicity in the late phase. The enhancement of endometrial hyper-echogenicity and the disappearance of the midline were observed in the early secretory phase. A hyperechoic lumpy pattern was seen by the next menstruation. In all of the individuals studied, sonography was able to depict changes in the endometrium which corresponded to various phases of its histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells is associated with increase of poly-N-acetyllactosamine in Asn-linked oligosaccharides attached to human lysosomal membrane glycoproteins.

HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate into granulocytic cells by dimethyl sulfoxide, and structures of Asn-linked oligosaccharides attached to lysosomal membrane glycoproteins (lamp-1 and lamp-2) were elucidated before and after differentiation. Lamp-1 and lamp-2 were immunoprecipitated from the cells after labeling with radioactive sugars, and glycopeptides were prepared. The structures of glycopeptides obtained after serial lectin-affinity chromatography were elucidated by endo-beta-galactoside and methylation analysis. Glycopeptides bound to tomato lectin-Sepharose were found to be tetraantennary oligosaccharides that contain two or three poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl chains, of which one side chain contains three or more N-acetyllactosaminyl repeats, whereas those bound to Datura stramonium agglutinin-Sepharose were found to be tetraantennary oligosaccharides containing one or two short poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl side chains. Glycopeptides that were not bound to concanavalin A, tomato lectin, or D. stramonium agglutinin were found to be triantennary oligosaccharides with a negligible amount of poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl side chains. Comparison of Asn-linked oligosaccharides from undifferentiated and differentiated HL-60 cells reveals the following features. First, the number of Asn-linked oligosaccharides containing poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl side chains increases dramatically with a concomitant decrease in less complex Asn-linked oligosaccharides after differentiation. Second, the number of poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl side chains per Asn-linked oligosaccharides increases significantly. These increases in poly-N-acetyllactosamine were associated with increased activity of UDP-GlcNAc:beta-D-Gal-beta 1----3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase "extension enzyme," a key enzyme in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamines. Furthermore, the increased amount of poly-N-acetyllactosamine in lamp-1 and lamp-2 resulted in longer half-lives of lamp-1 and lamp-2 in differentiated HL-60 cells. These results suggest strongly that the differentiation of HL-60 cells into more phagocytic cells is associated with an increase in the complexity of Asn-linked oligosaccharides attached to lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, which in turn may play a role in stabilizing lysosomes.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

The polylactosaminoglycans of human lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lamp-1 and lamp-2. Localization on the peptide backbones.

Lysosome membrane glycoproteins, lamp-1 and lamp-2, have been shown to contain 18 and 16 N-glycans, some of which are modified by poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine. We have localized the polylactosaminoglycans to specific sites on lamp-1 and lamp-2 purified from human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Polylactosaminoglycan-containing glycopeptides, obtained by trypsin, pepsin, and V8 protease digestion of the glycoproteins, were isolated by Datura stramonium agglutinin affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl structures of isolated glycopeptides were confirmed by the susceptibility of their released oligosaccharides to endo-beta-galactosidase. Amino acid analysis and sequencing demonstrated that polylactosaminoglycans were located at Asn-34, Asn-93 and/or Asn-102, and Asn-195 and/or Asn-200 in lamp-1, and at Asn-4 and/or Asn-10, and Asn-279 in lamp-2. These results indicated that only certain glycosylation sites can be selectively modified by poly-N-acetyllactosamine, and those sites may confer the requirement by beta 1----3-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Molecular analysis of a hybrid gene encoding human glycophorin variant Miltenberger V-like molecule.

The genomic structure of a human glycophorin variant, Miltenberger class V-like molecule (MiV*), was examined. Southern blot analysis of total genomic DNA revealed that the 5' half of the MiV* gene derived from glycophorin A (GPA) gene whereas the 3' half derived from glycophorin B (GPB) gene. This structure is reciprocal to another glycophorin variant, Sta, which has a GPB-GPA hybrid structure. The genomic sequences around the crossing-over point were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the sequences were determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the GPA, GPB, and MiV* genes indicates that the crossing-over point is located in the region around the 3' end of intron 3 of the GPA gene. This place is different from the crossing-over point for Sta, which was found to be highly homologous to that for haptoglobin-related genes. However, the nucleotide sequences within the presumptive crossing-over point for the MiV* gene were found to be homologous in a reverse orientation to the crossing-over point proposed for haptoglobin-related genes. These results suggest strongly that homologous recombination through unequal crossing over can be facilitated by specific genomic elements such as those in common for formation of MiV*, Sta, and haptoglobin-related genes. The present study also localized the gene of the third glycophorin, GPE, at chromosome 4, q31.1 band, the same locus as for the GPA and GPB genes. The results indicate that GPE was not involved in generating MiV* or Sta hybrid gene despite the fact that it is localized adjacent to the GPA and GPB genes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Identification of the crossing-over point of a hybrid gene encoding human glycophorin variant Sta. Similarity to the crossing-over point in haptoglobin-related genes.

One of the human glycophorin variants, Stones (Sta), has been shown to be the product of a hybrid gene of which the 5'-half derived from the glycophorin B (GPB) gene whereas the 3'-half derived from the glycophorin A (GPA) gene. The present study reveals the crossing-over point of this hybrid gene from the analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. The genomic sequences encompassing the region corresponding to exon 3 to exon 4 of GPA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers synthesized according to GPA and GPB genomic sequences (Kudo, S., and Fukuda, M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4619-4623). After subcloning the products, the nucleotide sequences derived from GPA, GPB, and putative Sta genes were determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of GPA, GPB, and Sta genes indicate that the crossing-over took place 200 base pairs upstream from the first nucleotide of exon 4. Intriguingly, the nucleotide sequence surrounding the putative crossing-over point is homologous to the crossing-over point proposed for haptoglobin genes (Maeda, N., McEvoy, S.M., Harris, H.F., Huisman, T.H.J., and Smithies, O. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 7395-7399). These results suggest strongly that homologous recombination through unequal crossing-over can be facilitated by specific genomic elements, such as those in common in these two crossing-over events. The present study also revealed that this Sta individual has a variant GPA gene; substitution of adenine for guanine at the nucleotide for codon 39 results in substitution of lysine for arginine at amino acid 39, and loss of an SstI restriction site.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Biosynthesis of truncated O-glycans in the T cell line Jurkat. Localization of O-glycan initiation.

Glycoproteins from the human T leukemia cells Jurkat were found to bind to the GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr-specific lectin from Salvia sclarea seeds. The analysis of the O-linked saccharides of immunopurified leukosialin, the major [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoprotein in Jurkat cell lysate, revealed the presence of mainly GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr with only minor amounts (approximately 17%) of more complex O-glycans. A comparison between Jurkat and K562 cell glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of O-linked carbohydrates showed that a markedly lower activity of UDP-Gal:GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr beta 1----3galactosyltransferase is apparently responsible for the presence of truncated O-glycans in the Jurkat cell line. The O-glycosylation defect makes Jurkat cells an ideal model to study the initiation of O-linked saccharides. Pulse-chase experiments with [35S] methionine showed that the addition of GalNAc to leukosialin is responsible for the decreased mobility of the mature glycoprotein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, no biosynthetic intermediates between the O-glycan-free precursor and the fully O-glycosylated form could be detected either with an anti-leukosialin antiserum or with the GalNAc-specific lectin. Lowering the chase temperature to 15 degrees C completely inhibited the transfer of GalNAc to the peptide core indicating that O-glycan initiation takes place in the first Golgi elements and not in transitional vesicles between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. In addition, treatment of the cells with monensin did not inhibit GalNAc transfer to leukosialin apoprotein. These results indicate that the initiation of O-glycosylation in Jurkat cells starts in the cis-Golgi stacks.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1990

Two human lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, h-lamp-1 and h-lamp-2, are encoded by genes localized to chromosome 13q34 and chromosome Xq24-25, respectively.

We have isolated previously cDNAs encoding two related human lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, h-lamp-1 and h-lamp-2 (Fukuda, M., Viitala, J., Matteson, J., and Carlsson, S.R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18920-18928). In the present study, we have determined the chromosomal localization of genes for h-lamp-1 and h-lamp-2. By using the method of in situ hybridization, we have localized the gene for h-lamp-1 to chromosome 13q34 and its related gene to chromosome 12p133. The hybridization of h-lamp-1 cDNA to chromosome 12p133 was observed even when probes representing different portions of h-lamp-1 cDNA were used. On ther other hand, the gene for h-lamp-2 were localized to Xq24-25 but no cross-hybridization to chromosome 12p133 was observed even though h-lamp-1 and h-lamp-2 are highly related. These results clearly indicate that human lamp-1 and lamp-2 are coded by separate genes on different chromosomes. The present results support our hypothesis that lamp-1 and lamp-2 diverged early in evolution and they have distinct functions which emerged as soon as eukaryotic cells acquired lysosomes as subcellular compartments.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Radiofrequency thermotherapy for malignant liver tumors.

Inoperable malignant liver tumors have been treated by radiofrequency hyperthermia at Kyoto University Hospital since 1983. In this study, clinical hyperthermia for malignant liver tumor was evaluated for 67 tumors in which we could measure intratumor temperatures. Of the 67 tumors, 41 were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), six cholangiocarcinomas, and 20 metastatic tumors. Cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic tumors were more susceptible to this treatment than HCC. Of the three types of HCC, higher intratumor temperatures were achieved in the diffuse type than in the nodular or massive types. The minimum tumor temperature of HCC stayed below 40 degrees C in 46% of cases, especially in larger tumors. The local response rates (complete remission plus partial remission/all) were 28% and 11% for HCC and non-HCC, respectively, for thermochemotherapy; 86% and 33%, for thermoradiotherapy; and 33% and 89%, for thermotherapy with embolization. No apparent relationship was observed between the intratumor temperatures and local response rate.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1990

Practical method for production of monoclonal antibody to human IgG allotype G1M F and its applications in ELISAs and dot immunobinding.

An anti-G1M F monoclonal antibody was produced by immunization of mice with a single dose of F(ab')2 fragments of normal IgG1-enriched IgG and subsequent fusion of their lymph node cells with P3U1 myeloma cells. Antibody specificity was tested by an ELISA in microtiter plates coated with allotype positive or negative IgG. The usefulness of the antibody as a G1M F typing reagent in inhibition and direct immobilization-type ELISAs and dot immunobinding was demonstrated by re-typing of 100 GM-allotyping control sera. The advantages and disadvantages of these assay methods are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Recognition of egocentric and allocentric visual and auditory space by neurons in the hippocampus of monkeys.

Neuronal activity in the hippocampus was recorded in the awake monkey during presentation of visual and auditory stimuli from various directions. About 10% of the neurons coded visual and/or auditory information from unique directions. Some of these neurons were stimulus-selective, and others were not. Three types of neurons were identified by rotating the animals: egocentric and allocentric, and indeterminate. The results are consistent with a role of the hippocampus in spatial memory.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

[An overview of breast cancer mass screening in Japan].

To establish the effective mass screening projects for the breast cancer, our study group cosponsered by the Welfare Ministry was organized by 11 regional groups. From 1968 to 1986, 643, 513 women at the initial screening and 719, 189 women at the subsequent screening were examined by physical examination. Out of them, abnormalities were present in 24, 864 women (3.9%) and 23,880 (3.3%), respectively. A detection of cancer was made in 833 women (detection rate 1.3%) and 428 women (0.6%), respectively. As the examinees increased from year to year, the subsequent examinees were over the initial ones. It was suggested that most of examinees had been fixed year by year and the detection rate of initial screening had been higher than that of the subsequent one. Then more initial examinees are expected to be increased. Women 30 to 59 years of age were mostly screened, but women aged 60 or more should be increased. Of women with abnormal physical findings, women over 90% took the second examination. But more effective, economical and safer screening instruments are expected to be developed and be used at the first examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Identification of a novel human glycophorin, glycophorin E, by isolation of genomic clones and complementary DNA clones utilizing polymerase chain reaction.

In our previous report, we described the structural organizations of glycophorin A and B genes (Kudo, S., and Fukuda, M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4619-4623). During the course of isolation of these genomic clones, we also obtained genomic clones encoding a novel glycophorin. This novel glycophorin, termed glycophorin E (GPE), has a similar genomic structure to that of the GPB gene, and its nucleotide sequence is almost identical to that of the GPB gene. These sequences include a region downstream of an Alu repeat sequence, which has been suggested to be a site for homologous recombination in the GPB gene during or after gene duplication. However, the predicted GPE amino acid sequence specifies blood group M, in contrast to GPB which carries blood group N. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the transcript of this gene, and its cDNA sequence revealed that the novel glycophorin gene encodes 78 amino acids, including a 19-residue leader peptide. Comparison of genomic and complementary DNAs demonstrates that this gene consists of four exons, and point mutations at sites corresponding to the 5'-splicing sites of intron 3 and intron 4 of the GPA gene lead to the joining of the exon 2 to potential exon 5. Interestingly, an insertion of 24 nucleotides coding for eight amino acid residues in-frame was found in exon 5. The predicted amino acid sequence within this exon indicates that it has a hydrophobic character, suggesting the possible expression of GPE as a membrane protein. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that this novel glycophorin gene is expressed in an erythroid-specific manner and coordinately down-regulated together with GPA and GPB genes by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester. During evolution, this gene might have derived from an ancestral gene common to the GPB gene by gene duplication and subsequent nucleotide substitutions, and constitutes a member of a gene family with GPA and GPB genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗