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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[An epidemiological study of stroke in a geriatric community--with special reference meteorological factors].

The incidence of cerebrovascular event during a period of 3 years in the geriatric society in Japan was examined along with the alternating pattern of cerebrovascular accidents in relation to aging and seasonal factors. The population of Tsuwano town was approximately 7000. The percentage of aged people over 65-year-old reached 23.1% in the 1990 national census. All cerebrovascular accident patients in our hospital and two outpatients clinic in this city were registered during the period from April, 1990 to March, 1993. The number of patients in the period was 95 cases, of which 19 were classified as transient ischemic attack (TIA), 30 as cerebral thrombosis, 16 as cerebral embolism, 10 as cerebral hemorrhage, 7 as subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 13 as unclassified cerebral infarction. The frequency of each type except TIA was 39.5% cerebral thrombosis, 21.1% cerebral embolism, 13.2% cerebral hemorrhage, and 9.2% subarachnoid hemorrhage. In all cases, hypertension was observed in 62.1%, and past history of cerebrovascular accident was observed in 29.5%. The cerebral embolism group was older than the other groups and one-half of this group had atrial fibrillation. Peak incidence differed by type of illness, TIA and cerebral embolism occurred uniformly throughout the year, but subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis in the spring. The relationship of cerebrovascular accident to crisis, especially potentiation by cerebral thrombosis was evaluated in light of climatic factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Prognostic factors for metastatic renal cell cancer].

We examined various prognostic factors of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Patients who had metastasis at nephrectomy (A group, 38 cases) and those who had metastasis as recurrent tumors after nephrectomy (B group, 38 cases) entered in this study. Five-year survival rate of total cases after confirmation of metastatic foci was 15% and there was no statistical significant difference between A and B groups. Several pathological factors were related to poorer prognosis and included large diameters of original tumors, positive lymph nodes, higher grade tumors and non-clear cell type tumors. Patients who have a solitary lung metastasis showed better prognosis compared to those with multiple lung metastases or metastases of other organs. Two factors related to treatment were shown to contribute to better prognosis. These were the response to interferon alfa (IFN alpha) and the possibility of total resection of visible metastatic tumors. Patients who belong to A group were shown to achieve markedly better therapeutic benefit from IFN alpha or IFN alpha plus anticancer drugs. Five-year survival rate for the responders was 40%, as compared to less than 5% for the non-responders. Ten-year survival rate for patients with metastasis who had undergone complete resection of visible tumor was 50%, and the for patients belonging to B group Showed 80%. We concluded that these prognostic factors should be considered to decide how to select patients with metastatic renal cell cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A pathological comparison of primary and metastatic lesions as a prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma].

The purpose of this study is clarify the changes in histological grade between primary and metastatic lesions in renal cell carcinoma. A tota of 100 cases of renal cell carcinoma and their metastases were compared respectively. In 31 (31%) of the cases observed, metastatic lesions were observed to have higher grade of malignancy when compared to primary lesions. In 59 (59%) of the cases, metastatic lesions had the same grade of malignancy and in 10 (10%) of the cases, metastatic lesions had a lower grade of malignancy when compared to primary lesions. The frequency of upgrading cases in young patients (i.e. less than 40 years old) occurred with less frequency when compared to elderly patients. Additionally, the frequency of upgrading cases involving female patients was lower when compared to male patients. The one year survival rates in patients, who received nephrectomy, having grade 1 to 4 lesions following metastases were 100%, 65%, 71%, and 27% respectively. From these percentages, a statistically significant difference exists in one year survival rates between patients with grade 2 and 4 metastatic lesions (p < 0.005), and grade 3 and 4 metastatic lesions (p < 0.01). Histological grade of metastatic lesions is an important prognostic indicator for determining the outcome of renal cell carcinoma following metastases. Thus it is important that the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma be based on the histological grade of metastatic lesions as well as primary lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Intensive chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for advanced thymoma or thymic cancer: preliminary results.

A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide (PACE) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on advanced thymoma or thymic cancer. Between August 1989 and December 1994, 14 patients with invasive, metastatic or recurrent thymoma or thymic cancer were treated with cisplatin (80 mg/m2, on day 1), doxorubicin (45 mg/m2, on day 1), cyclophosphamide (800 mg/m2, on day 1) and etoposide (80 mg/m2, on day 1-3) with G-CSF (90 micrograms/m2, on day 5-18) at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. Courses were repeated every 3 or 4 weeks for a maximum of 4 cycles. Twelve patients were treated with 2 or more courses of PACE. Two patients were treated with only one course, one refused and another required emergency thoracic radiotherapy after one course of PACE. Six patients had partial responses (3 thymomas and 3 thymic cancers) but there were no complete remissions (response rates, 42.9%; 95% confidence interval, 17.7% to 71.1%). Moderate hematological toxicities were observed: grade 3 or 4 leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia in 10, 13, 8 and 6 patients, respectively. Six patients developed infections that required antibiotics. Surgical resection or thoracic radiotherapy after PACE treatment was performed in 2 and 7 patients, respectively. The overall median survival time was 14.7 months (range, 5.9 to 59.7 months). For 9 patients who had received no prior treatment before chemotherapy, the median survival time was 8.9 months, and one patient survived for 4 years and is still alive. In conclusion, PACE with G-CSF frequently produces objective remissions in patients with advanced thymoma or thymic cancer. A large-scale intergroup study is necessary to determine the impact of this regimen on advanced thymoma and thymic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Intratumoral pharmacokinetics following intraarterial administration of MCNU in patients with malignant gliomas].

This clinical study was undertaken to examine intratumoral (i.t.) pharmacokinetics after intraarterial (i.a.) administration of MCNU (80mg/m2) in 5 patients with glioblastoma (GB) and 2 with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). After resection or stereotactic biopsy of the cystic lesion, an Ommaya reservoir was placed into the tumor cavity in all patients. The distribution of MCNU in blood was compatible with a two-compartment model, and the half life of the alpha-phase and beta-phase was 4.1 minutes and 160.4 minutes, respectively. MCNU was detected in the i.t. fluid in 5 cases, 4 of GB and 1 of AA. The concentration of i.t. MCNU gradually increased during the 5 to 30 minutes after i.a. injection to a level about 20.0% of its blood concentration. However, no MCNU was detected in patients showing partial response (3 of GB and 1 of AA) or no change (1 of GB) after the i.a. infusion of MCNU during maintenance chemotherapy. These results suggests that MCNU may transfer into the tumor tissues. Further investigation is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Preparation of multi-locus DNA probe cocktail by liquid-phase reassociation.

We developed a simple, rapid method for the preparation of a DNA-fingerprinting probe cocktail, and tested its usefulness in paternity testing. Exploiting the property of tandemly repetitive DNA segments to be rapidly renatured after heat denaturation, we enriched restriction fragments of a child's genomic DNA for minisatellites by liquid phase reassociation followed by capture with immobilized streptavidin. We amplified and simultaneously labeled the reassociation product by anchored PCR using a digoxigenin-labeling mixture. Using this probe cocktail, we were able to detect fingerprints of paternity case trios, and the results were corroborated by DNA fingerprinting with a commercially available probe as well as by conventional phenotyping. Our method enables one to prepare a fresh cocktail of probes from the DNA sample under study during the overnight electrophoresis and Southern transfer steps in DNA fingerprinting, and eliminates the need of having an expensive probe of limited shelf life. If one has a practical outlook on DNA fingerprinting and regard it as a preliminary test, one does not have to use a cloned DNA probe. The present study demonstrates that a multi-locus probe cocktail serves such a practical purpose.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of the nitric oxide donor SIN-1 on the membrane potential of mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cells].

The effect of the nitric oxide donor SIN-1 on the membrane potential of cultured mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells was investigated using the whole cell patch method. It has been reported that neurite formation can be induced in NG108-15 cells by adding of dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the culture medium. Using this system we found that SIN-1 has a selective inhibitory effect on the membrane potential of the calcium current which is concentration-dependent in the 1 mu M-100 microM range. This effect was transient and reversible, the same as seen with the calcium channel blocker nilvadipine at concentrations of 10 microM to 10 microM. At higher concentrations, ranging from 500 microM to 1 mM, however, SIN-1 also caused prolonged inhibition of the membrane potential of the sodium current. However, this effect was also reversible. These findings suggest that SIN-1 has a reversible inhibitory action on the membrane potentials of neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A rapid susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using hybridization protection assay].

The conventional drug susceptibility tests of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are time-consuming and usually require 2 to 4 weeks to obtain final results. In this study, we attempted to develop a novel method for rapid detection of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis using hybridization protection assay (HPA). Clinically isolated strains of M. tuberculosis including seven isoniazid (INH) susceptible strains and six resistant strains were used. The organisms grown on Ogawa egg medium were inoculated into Middlebrook 7H9 broth and cultured at 37 degrees C for one week. Then, the inoculum of each strain was prepared as a tenfold dilution of bacterial suspension at McFarland No. 0.5. The inocula were mixed with INH solutions to yield final concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 micrograms/ml, and the resulting bacterial suspensions with or without test drug were cultured on the swaying plate at 37 degrees C for up to 5 days. At intervals, 50 microliters of each sample was withdrawn and subjected to the protocol of the HPA using acridinium-ester (AE) labeled DNA probe, and then the relative light unit (RLU) was read in a luminometer. In the case of the susceptible strains, a significant difference in the mode of increase in RLU ratio (% of RLU on day x/RLU on day 0) was observed between the INH-treated and drug-free control sets within three days of cultivation, while no such differences were seen in the case of the resistant strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acridines↗
PubMed1995

Effect of gallium-porphyrin analogue ATX-70 on nitroxide formation from a cyclic secondary amine by ultrasound: on the mechanism of sonodynamic activation.

Sonodynamic therapy is a promising new modality for cancer treatment based on the synergistic effect on tumor cell killing by combination of a drug (typically a photosensitizer) and ultrasound. The mechanism of sonodynamic action was suggested to involve photoexcitation of the sensitizer by sonoluminescent light, with subsequent formation of singlet oxygen. In this work we studied the aqueous sonochemical reactions of the gallium-porphyrin derivative ATX-70, one of the most active sonodynamic agents found, using 50 kHz ultrasound. The experiments were carried out in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride (TMP), which reacts with singlet oxygen or .OH radicals to give the EPR-detectable nitroxide 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxyl (TMP-NO). Recently it has been suggested that the enhancement of TMP-NO yields in the presence of aqueous solutions of ATX-70 exposed to ultrasound was evidence for the formation of singlet oxygen in the system. Our results show that the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can mimic the ATX-70-induced increase in the TMP-NO signal, but it fails to reproduce the behavior of ATX-70 in D2O: while the yields of TMP-NO in the presence of ATX-70 increase in D2O, the opposite effect was found with the surfactant CTAB. However, our data show that the increased TMP-NO yields in D2O are paralleled by an increased concentration of ATX-70 dimer, a form that is inactive in the photochemical generation of singlet oxygen. Our finding that the ATX-70-dependent enhancement of the TMP-NO signal was highest at approximately 20% O2, in both N2/O2 and argon/O2 mixtures, and decreased with increasing oxygen concentration is not compatible with the singlet oxygen mechanism. Finally, our results on the temperature dependence of the ATX-70-induced formation of TMP-NO are not consistent with the photochemical excitation of ATX-70 by sonoluminescent light: the ATX-70-dependent enhancement of TMP-NO signal increased with temperature in the range 10-25 degrees C, while the intensity of sonoluminescence of aqueous solutions both in multiple-bubble fields and in single-bubble experiments is known to decrease with increasing temperature.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Relationship between left atrial spontaneous contrast echo and coagulofibrinolytic findings].

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been used to identify patients with left atrial thrombi (LAT) and spontaneous contrast echo (SCE). Patients with LAT or SCE are at high risk for cerebral embolism. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SCE detected with TEE [5MHz] and coagulation and fibrinolysis factors. We took blood samples from 83 patients to measure plasma levels of TAT, PIC, D-dimer, fibrinogen and thrombomodulin (TM) just before TEE examination. The patients were classified into four groups according to SCE grade based on echo density and area of the left atrium occupied by SCE. Plasma TAT and D-dimer were higher in the high grade SCE group than in the lower SCE group. Plasma TM was lower in the high grade SCE group. From these results, high grade SCE detected by TEE correlates with activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of tongue cancer effectively treated with tegafur].

We administered a slow-release formulation of tegafur (SF-SP) to a patient with cancer of the tongue. We would like to report the findings of this case which showed clear improvement. SF-SP was administered at 800 mg/day to a 58 year-old male for cancer of the tongue (T4N1). By the 17th day after the start of SF-SP administration, the tumor had shrunk, and by the 37th day the submandibular lymph nodes could not be located by touch. At the completion of the test on the 60th day, no cancer cells were detected. Following the completion of the test, there have been no symptoms of recurrence and a complete response was observed. At present, we are continuing administration of SF-SP and making observations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Role of nitric oxide produced by activated macrophages in their cytocidal activity against glial tumor cells].

This study investigated the role of activated macrophages (M phi) in nitric oxide (NO) production and the tumoricidal effect of NO on glioma cells. Induced peritoneal M phi were prepared 6 days following the injection of thioglycollate broth into C3H/He N (H-2 kappa) mice. M phi were activated in vitro recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the culture medium of the elicited M phi. Two kinds of murine malignant glioma cell lines, RSV-M glioma (H-2 kappa) and VM-glioma (H-2b) were used as targets. P815 mastocytoma cells (H-2d) were used as a control target, since they are insensitive to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but susceptible to NO derived from M phi. L-arginine-depleted medium was used to inhibit NO-mediated cytocidal activity against tumor cells. Cytotoxicity was assayed at various effector-to-target ratios using an admixture of M phi and 1.5 x 10(4) 125I-labeled target cells 48 hours following co-culture. NO was measured in culture medium using Griess reagent, and the concentration of NO was expressed as mu mol/ml NaNO2. Peritoneal M phi induced only 10% and 15% lysis of RSV-M glioma and VM glioma cells, respective, and LPS augmented this killing activity of M phi to a maximum of 1.2 to 1.4 fold in a dose-dependent manner with dosages from 1 to 50 ng/ml. LPS demonstrated a synergistic action on M phi-mediated cytotoxicity 4 hours following pretreatment with IFN gamma. Alternatively, low doses of IFN gamma alone had no enhancing effect on M phi tumoricidal activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[In vitro topically applied fluoroquinolone penetration into the anterior chamber].

The penetration mode of five fluoroquinolone ophthalmic solutions (OFLX, NFLX, LVFX, LFLX and CPFX) through the rabbit cornea was examined with an in vitro experimental system. The system was an artificial anterior eye segment model made of acrylamide covered with a New Zealand albino rabbit cornea with a scleral flap. In vivo studies on the penetration of OFLX and NFLX ophthalmic solutions into the anterior chamber of albino rabbits were performed separately. Parameters gained from in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis and those from the model eye were compared. The permeability coefficients (K) (cm/s) through the cornea and partition coefficient were 6.95 x 10(-7) cm/s in LVFX, 6.78 x 10(-7) cm/s in OFLX, 3.58 x 10(-7) cm/s in LFLX, 2.46 x 10(-7) cm/s in CPFX and 0.06 x 10(-7) cm/s in NFLX, and 0.24, 0.23, 0.14, 0.06 and 0.07, respectively. High correlation was seen between the corneal permeability coefficients, and the partition coefficient Cmax of OFLX obtained from the in vivo study was higher than that of NFLX. The applied experimental system would be a useful tool for the estimation of the in vivo Cmax of the examined drug.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

[A case of acute idiopathic pandysautonomia with SIADH].

We reported a 6-year-old girl with acute idiopathic pandysautonomia (AIPD) associated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). She showed various symptoms indicating the impairment of widespread sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous functions and SIADH, which followed common cold. Sural nerve biopsy showed severe reduction of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The main site of the lesion of AIPD has been assumed to be the peripheral autonomic nervous system. However, there are a few reports indicating the involvement of the central nervous system in AIPD. The present case also indicates the involvement of hypothalamus in addition to the peripheral autonomic nervous system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[The long-term results of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis].

Eighty-three patients with myasthenia gravis underwent thymectomy were reviewed to evaluate the long term effects of thymectomy and analyse the factors influencing outcome. Follow up times were from 3 months to 120 months (mean: 77.6 months) after operation. The effects of thymectomy were as follows: 1) Remission rate was 26.5%, improvement rate was 56.5% and palliation rate was 83.1% at the last observed time in all cases. 2) Remission rates showed increasing (7.3% at 1 year, 22.2% at 5 years, 35.3% at 10 years) according to the time courses. Improvement rates and palliation rates showed respectively maximum (78.3%, 94.4%) at 4 years and 5 years. 3) Analysis of factors influencing outcome showed that the cases of IIA in Osserman's classification, less than 40 years old in age, less than 12 months in duration of illness, no complication of thymoma were expected the better effectiveness of thymectomy. We concluded that thymectomy for myasthenia gravis expected the delayed remission according to the time courses, and so, we must carefully follow the patients for long time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Autoantibodies against 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients.

We report that autoantibodies against the 70-kDa heat shock protein family (HSP70) were detected in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Antibodies to HSP70 family proteins were detected in three out of 14 recipients of an allogeneic marrow graft but in none of the seven patients receiving autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT). Immunoblotting analysis combined with two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed that these patients had antibodies to a constitutive 73-kDa/pI 5.5 heat shock protein (HSP73) and to a stress-inducible 72-kDa/pI 5.6 protein (HSP72). This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing the presence of autoantibody against HSP73 in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. Our results may provide additional insight into the etiology and the pathophysiology of allogeneic transplant-related disorders.

Adolescent↗