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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist expression in epithelial cells of human endometrium.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the human endometrium in the follicular and luteal phases. METHODS: The concentrations of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in the culture supernatants of endometrial cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcription of the IL-1ra gene in the endometrium was investigated by reverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Human endometrium was immunohistochemically stained using a monoclonal antibody specific to IL-1ra. RESULTS: The concentrations of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in the culture supernatants were 11 and 55 pg/ml, respectively, in the follicular phase, and 10 and 40 pg/ml, respectively, in the luteal phase. The concentration of IL-1ra was 465 pg/ml in the follicular phase and 1710 pg/ml in the luteal phase. Densitometric analysis of the reverse PCR products showed that the expression of IL-1ra mRNA was increased in endometrial cells in the luteal phase. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that epithelial cells were the main source of IL-1ra in human endometrium. CONCLUSIONS: Human endometrial cells produce IL-1 (mainly IL-1beta) and IL-1ra. The level of IL-1ra production in human endometrial epithelial cells was greater in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase due to the increased transcription of the IL-1ra gene.

Endometrium↗
PubMed1995

Splenic metastasis from lung cancer.

Splenic metastasis from lung cancer is a rare clinical event, most often diagnosed at the time of autopsy. We report 2 cases of splenic metastasis with a primary lung cancer. The first case was a 76-year-old man presenting with a recurrent solitary splenic metastasis 14 months after surgical removal of a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The second patient was a 72-year-old woman who had a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lung and multiple abdominal metastasis. We also investigated 267 autopsy cases of lung cancer from 1975 to 1992. Histologically, there were 73 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 123 adenocarcinoma, 29 large cell carcinoma, 36 small cell carcinoma, and 7 other miscellaneous tumours. The number of splenic metastasis from lung cancer in these cases was 15 (5.6%). Splenic metastasis from a primary cancer of the left lung was more frequent than that from the right lung. Nine of 15 splenic metastases were smaller than 1 cm in size. Splenic metastasis was associated with liver and pancreas metastasis. All 15 autopsy cases with splenic metastasis from lung cancer had other abdominal organ metastasis. Our analysis indicates that a solitary splenic metastasis is rare. Selection of a suitable therapeutic approach is important.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Physiological results of monkey brain ischemia, and protection by a calcium blocker.

Physiological and histological investigation was undertaken to examine dynamic and metabolic changes due to transient ischemic insult of the monkey brain with and without postischemic treatment by the calcium entry blocker, NC-1100 (1 mg/kg, IV). Monkeys were subjected to temporary occlusion of the eight major arteries: bilateral common carotid, internal and external carotid, and vertebral arteries. Blood flow was restored after 5-, 10-, 13-, and 15-min ischemia in different monkeys. The amplitudes of extradural, cortical, and hippocampal electroencephalograms decreased severely within 1-6 min after beginning occlusion. Complete recovery of these electroencephalograms required more than 1 h. During ischemia, significant change was obvious in arterial glucose, and systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, all of which increased. There were no significant physiological differences between the untreated and NC-1100-treated groups, except decreased diastolic blood pressure and slightly lower postischemic heart rate in the treated group. These small differences might be accounted for by the effect of the calcium blocker. Ten to 15 minutes ischemia caused cell changes, including cell death, which were confined almost exclusively to the CA1 subfield of untreated hippocampi examined the fifth day after occlusion. However, no ischemia-induced cell change was observed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampi subjected to 10 to 15 min ischemia in the NC-1100-treated group. It was concluded that a calcium entry blocker can protect neurons from mild ischemia-induced injury and might ameliorate morphological damage and functional impairment of the brain due to ischemia in patients who suffer transient anoxic or hypoxic injury. The present physiological data should contribute to their clinical treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

A common-source outbreak of fulminant hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients induced by precore mutant.

From September 9 to October 3, 1994, five patients on maintenance hemodialysis in a dialysis unit in Tokyo contracted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection successively, and four of them died of fulminant hepatitis. The unit treated 181 patients three times a week on eight shifts, and all five afflicted patients were on the same shift along with 27 other patients. HBV DNA clones from the hepatitis patients had a point mutation converting codon 28 in the precore region to a stop codon, which aborts the synthesis and secretion of hepatitis B e antigen, and showed a sequence similarity of > 99.5% within 645 base pairs covering the X gene and precore region. There were two HBV carriers with antibody to hepatitis B e antigen who were receiving hemodialysis on the same shift. HBV DNA clones from one of them had the stop codon 28 in the precore region, and a sequence similarity of > 99.7% to those from the five patients. Based on these results, it was deduced that the fulminant HBV strain was transmitted from the carrier to five patients, and resulted in the death of four. The outbreak indicates that immunocompromised hosts like hemodialysis patients can develop fulminant hepatitis B if and when they are infected with extremely virulent HBV strains.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Quantitation of CD62, soluble CD62, and lysosome-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 for evaluation of the quality of stored platelet concentrates.

BACKGROUND: Platelets become activated during storage, which results in secretion of granules, vesiculation of microparticles, secretion of protein, and a number of other biochemical and morphologic processes that decrease the utility of platelet concentrates stored for transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To evaluate the quality of stored platelet concentrates, the cell surface expression of specific activation-dependent antigens (CD62 and lysosome-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 [LAMP-1, LAMP-2]) on platelets stored in a hospital blood bank over a 7-day period was examined. Relative microparticle counts and the expression of CD62 by microparticles, as well as platelet concentrate supernatant levels of soluble CD62, were determined. RESULTS: The percentage of platelets expressing CD62 increased significantly from Day 1 to Day 5 (p < 0.05) of storage; the mean fluorescence values for CD62 did not. In contrast, the mean fluorescence values of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 rose significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) between Days 1 and 5. Significant declines in CD62, LAMP-1, and LAMP-2 percent expression and mean fluorescence were seen on Day 6 of storage (p < 0.001). Microparticle numbers increased significantly during storage and correlated with levels of CD62 protein (free and membrane-bound) (r = 0.95 vs. Day 2, p < 0.05; r = 0.88 vs. Day 5, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Flow cytometric evaluations of the expression of cell surface CD62, LAMP-1, and LAMP-2 are complementary tests that, especially when used in conjunction with the quantitation of CD62 protein, provided a simple and effective means of evaluating the quality of platelet concentrates stored for transfusion.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1995

Genomic organization of core 2 and I branching beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases. Implication for evolution of the beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene family.

Two human beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases forming the core 2 O-glycan branch, C2GnT and the I antigen, IGnT, are homologous to each other in three regions of the catalytic domain (A, B, C) and their genes reside at the same locus, chromosome 9, band q21 (Bierhuizen,M.F.A., Mattei, M.-G. and Fukuda,M., Genes Dev., 7, 468-478, 1993). In order to investigate how these two enzymes are related at the genomic level, and how this gene family evolved, we have elucidated their genomic structures. It was found that C2GnT is coded by two exons, of which the second exon encodes the whole translation product. In contrast, the complete coding sequence for IGnT is divided over three exons. Importantly, the highly homologous region B is encoded entirely by exon 2 in the C2GnT gene, while the same region is split between exons 1 and 2 in the IGnT gene. The other highly homologous regions, A and C, are also encoded by exon 2 in the C2GnT gene, while they are encoded by exon 1 and exon 3, respectively, in the IGnT gene. These results strongly suggest that the common ancestral gene was first duplicated and then each duplicated gene evolved into the C2GnT or IGnT gene by intron insertion and divergence following the duplication. The sequences upstream from the transcription initiation sites of the C2GnT and IGnT genes have promoter activity and contain TATA-like sequences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Healthy and atretic follicles: vaginosonographic detection and follicular fluid hormone profiles.

The health status of human preovulatory follicles was prospectively studied by non-invasive transvaginal ultrasound. Daily ultrasound scans were performed from the time when the follicle measured 15 mm in diameter until formation of corpus luteum or oocyte retrieval. Based on the ultrasound scans two types of follicles were defined: type A follicles showed a cloud visualized as a cone projecting into the follicular fluid with the base of the cone positioned on the follicle wall. A light spot seen at the tip of the cloud in the majority of scans was presumed to be the oocyte-cumulus complex. Type B follicles showed an echo free space without a cloud. Two groups of infertility patients were studied: Group I received intrauterine insemination; 106 patients undergoing a total of 263 cycles (188 spontaneous cycles and 75 clomiphene citrate cycles). Group II received in-vitro fertilization (IVF); 22 patients undergoing a total of 52 cycles (31 spontaneous cycles and 21 clomiphene cycles). In the first group, the ovulatory potential of the follicle is associated with the ultrasound characteristics. From the IVF patients the follicular fluid was harvested and assessed for the free concentration of the following steroids: oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and androstenedione. The endocrine health status of the follicle was associated with the ultrasound characteristics of the follicle. In patients of group I, 288 type A follicles ovulated out of a total of 298 follicles (97%). None of the type B follicles ovulated (0/14). In patients of group II, oocytes were obtained in 79% of the type A follicles (50/63), whereas 7% of the type B follicles yielded an oocyte (1/14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Gastric ulcer healing and basic fibroblast growth factor: effects of lansoprazole and famotidine.

We examined the effects of lansoprazole and famotidine on gastric basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels and ulcer healing in patients with gastric ulcer. Sixteen patients with active gastric ulcer were divided into two groups and received treatment with lansoprazole 30 mg/day or famotidine 40 mg/day. They were examined endoscopically at 2, 4, and 8 weeks to measure gastric bFGF levels at the ulcer margin and to assess ulcer healing. Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by a rapid urease test. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, male:female ratio, H. pylori infection rates, and bFGF levels. During treatment, bFGF levels did not change significantly in the famotidine group, whereas they increased by a factor of 2.2 to 2.6 in the lansoprazole group. Cumulative healing rates were also significantly lower in the famotidine group than in the lansoprazole group. These results indicate that lansoprazole increases tissue bFGF levels and promotes gastric ulcer healing in humans.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1995

Early detection of cutaneous microcirculatory change during hemorrhage using a laser Doppler flowmetry.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of cutaneous microcirculatory monitoring during hemorrhage. We observed changes in cutaneous blood volume, velocity and flow of five adult rabbits during hemorrhage by using a laser Doppler flowmetry. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and blood gas values were measured. Cutaneous blood volume, velocity and flow decreased significantly after drawing 10 mL/kg of blood, while heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and blood gas did not change. The decrease of cutaneous blood velocity preceded that of blood volume and was associated more deeply with the reduction of blood flow. In conclusion, cutaneous microcirculatory monitoring using laser Doppler flowmetry is a sensitive technique for detecting early changes of circulatory failure caused by hemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A case of true hermaphroditism with androgen insensitivity.

A phenotypically normal woman with a 46, XY karyotype was found to have a testis, an ovotestis, bilateral rudimentary uteri, and bilateral fallopian tubes. The endocrinological and pathological aspects of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cell surface expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (lamp2) and CD63 as markers of in vivo platelet activation in malignancy.

Platelets may become activated in vivo in a number of prethrombotic conditions including cancer. In the present study, cell surface expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (lamp2) and CD63 (lamp3) were examined by flow cytometry in 15 healthy volunteers and 5 patients with metastatic cancer to determine their utility as markers of in vivo platelet activation. Unstimulated platelets from controls had low levels of lamp2 expression, in contrast to cancer patients, who had significantly elevated levels (3.79 +/- 1.48% vs 33.9 +/- 5.6%). Upon stimulation with collagen, a greater than two-fold increase in the number of platelets expressing detectable levels of lamp2 was seen only among controls and not in cancer patients. Stimulation with collagen also resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in the proportion of platelets expressing CD63 in the control group, and a less than 1.5-fold increase in CD63 was seen in the patient group. The results suggest that cell surface lamp2 and CD63, like cell surface expression of GMP-140, may be good indicators of in vivo platelet activation and may be potentially useful in identifying patients with prethrombotic disorders.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1995

[Basic and clinical evaluation of lysis centrifugation in candidemia].

Basic and clinical evaluation of lysis centrifugation using Isolator 10 was performed and compared with culture bottle methods. Blood, which was inoculated with C. albicans, C. tropicalis or C. parapsilosis, was cultured using lysis centrifugation or culture bottle method. The culture duration of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis by lysis centrifugation was shorter than that by the culture bottle (BHI release). C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis became culture-positive within 1 or 2 days after culture by lysis centrifugation. C. albicans and C. parapsilosis became positive 4 days and C. tropicalis 6-8 days after culture by the culture bottle (BHI super). Clinical evaluation of both blood culture method as performed from April 1990 to March 1994. Sixty samples (4.4%) were positive out of 1370 samples. Twenty eight samples (7.2%) were positive out of 389 samples, which were examined by both methods. Twenty two samples were positive by both methods and the rest of the 6 samples was positive only by Lysis centrifugation.

Blood↗
PubMed1995

Multiple Polychlorinated Biphenyl Transformation Systems in the Gram-Positive Bacterium Rhodococcus sp. Strain RHA1.

The cloned bphA gene of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degrader Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1 was expressed in Rhodococcus erythropolis IAM1399 cells, resulting in the transformation of di-, tri-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls. Disruption of the bphA1 gene in RHA1 resulted in a lack of growth on biphenyl and a loss of PCB transformation activity. However, the bphA1 insertion mutant of RHA1, designated RDA1, retained the ability to transform PCB congeners when grown on ethylbenzene as its carbon source. It also transformed 4-chlorobiphenyl to 4-chlorobenzoate, although it was suspected to be deficient in bphB and bphC gene activities as well as bphA. This suggested that an alternative PCB degradation system distinct from the one encoded by the cloned bph genes was present.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of biphenyl catabolic genes of gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrader Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1.

Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1 is a gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degrader which can degrade 10 ppm of PCB48 (equivalent to Aroclor1248), including tri-, tetra-, and pentachlorobiphenyls, in a few days. We isolated the 7.6-kb EcoRI-BamHI fragment carrying the biphenyl catabolic genes of RHA1 and determined their nucleotide sequence. On the basis of deduced amino acid sequence homology, we identified six bph genes, bphA1A2A3A4, bphB, and bphC, that are responsible for the initial three steps of biphenyl degradation. The order of bph genes in RHA1 is bphA1A2A3A4-bphC-bphB. This gene order differs from that of other PCB degraders reported previously. The amino acid sequences deduced from the RHA1 bph genes have a higher degree of homology with the tod genes from Pseudomonas putida F1 (49 to 79%) than with the bph genes of Pseudomonas sp. strains KF707 and KKS102 (30 to 65%). In Escherichia coli, bphA gene activity was not observed even when expression vectors were used. The activities of bphB and bphC, however, were confirmed by observing the transformation of biphenyl to a meta-cleavage compound with the aid of benzene dioxygenase activity that complemented the bphA gene activity (S. Irie, S. Doi, T. Yorifuji, M. Takagi, and K. Yano, J. Bacteriol. 169:5174-5179, 1987). The expected products of the cloned bph genes, except bphA3, were observed in E. coli in an in vitro transcription-translation system. Insertion mutations of bphA1 and bphC of Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1 were constructed by gene replacement with cloned gene fragments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

A Novel Transformation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Rhodococcus sp. Strain RHA1.

We have characterized a biphenyl degrader, Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1. Biphenyl-grown cells of strain RHA1 efficiently transformed 45 components in the 62 major peaks of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture of Kanechlors 200, 300, 400, and 500 within 3 days, which includes mono- to octachlorobiphenyls. Among the intermediate metabolites of PCB transformation, di- and trichlorobenzoic acids were identified. The gradual decrease of these chlorobenzoic acids during incubation indicated that these chlorobenzoic acids would also be degraded by this strain. The effect of the position of chlorine substitution was determined by using PCB mixtures that have chlorine substitutions mainly at either the ortho or the meta position. This strain transformed both types of congeners, and strong PCB transformation activity of RHA1 was indicated. RHA1 accumulated 4-chlorobenzoic acid temporally during the transformation of 4-chlorobiphenyl. The release of most chloride in the course of 2,2(prm1)-dichlorobiphenyl degradation was observed. These results suggested that RHA1 would break down at least some PCB congeners into smaller molecules to a considerable extent.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Topical aldose reductase inhibitor for correcting corneal endothelial changes in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: Marked variations in cell size (polymegethism) and shape (pleomorphism) are characteristic of the corneal endothelium in diabetic patients and animals. METHOD: Wide field specular microscopy was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of treating the diabetic corneal endothelium with topical instillation of 0.5% aldose reductase inhibitor, CT-112. RESULTS: Morphological variations (polymegethism and pleomorphism) of the endothelium in eight eyes from eight patients receiving CT-112 resolved within 3 months after initiation of treatment. In contrast, no change in endothelial morphology was noted in five eyes from five patients who received placebo. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that aldose reductase may be involved in the aetiology of corneal endothelial variations in diabetic patients.

Administration, Topical↗