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Biomedical subjects

M Fournier

Publications and source records attributed to M Fournier.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Triggering of leukemia in thymectomized AKR mice by a membrane fraction of thymic stroma.

Spontaneous viral leukemia, occurring in AKR mice starting at 6 mth, is thymus-dependent, and can thus be abrogated by thymectomy. Two components of the thymic stroma, insoluble thymic fraction (ITF) and soluble thymic factor (STF) previously shown to induce sequential steps in T-cell differentiation, were investigated for their role in the triggering of leukemia. AKR mice, thymectomized at 1 mth received weekly injections of either ITF, STF, ITF + STF or control splenic fractions, and deaths by leukemia were recorded. Mice having received ITF all died at approximately the same rate as the sham-thymectomized untreated controls, while only 20% of the ITF + STF treated mice died. Untreated, STF- or splenic fractions-treated controls all survived. These results are interpreted as indicating that ITF induces a T-cell population sensitive both to leukemic transformation and to STF-mediated differentiation.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMed1983

The yellow nail syndrome. Light and electron microscopic aspects of the pleura.

The yellow nail syndrome is a rare cause of recurrent pleural effusions. We studied a case of this entity, placing special emphasis on the microscopic and ultrastructural aspects of the pleural lymphatics. The patient had the classic symptoms of recurrent bilateral pleural effusions, yellow, dystrophic fingernails and toenails, and lower-limb edema. To control the pleural effusions, a left parietal pleurectomy was performed. Histologic study showed both pleura to be thickened with fibrosis and chronic inflammatory infiltration. The lymphatic capillaries in the visceral pleura were dilated. Electron microscopy confirmed the lymphatic nature of these capillaries. We believe that these ectatic lymphatic capillaries suggest a downstream obstruction to the lymph drainage.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Avian myeloblastosis reverse transcriptase deacylates tryptophanyl-tRNA.

Tryptophanyl-tRNA can be used as a primer for RNA-dependent DNA synthesis by avian reverse transcriptase. We have determined that whereas the retroviral polymerase is not by itself capable of deacylating Trp-tRNATrp, the ester linkage between the 3' OH of the ribose moiety and the aminoacid can be very efficiently hydrolyzed when both the polymerase and the viral 35 S RNA are present.

Avian Leukosis Virus↗
PubMed1982

Benefits of polychemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

The benefits of polychemotherapy in advanced (Stage III) non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma remain uncertain. In attempt to answer the important question whether treatment improves well-being and survival in these patients, we did a prospective, randomized, single-blind study to compare polychemotherapy to a placebo. Thirty-nine consecutive patients were enrolled. Twenty received a drug combination consisting of: methotrexate, doxorubicine hydrochloride (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, and lomustine (CCNU) (MACC). The other group (19 subjects) received a placebo physically comparable to MACC. The two groups were initially comparable in terms of age, sex, clinical status, and tumor burden. In the treated group, seven patients had a radiologic response (more than 50% reduction in the tumor size), and the tumor stabilized in an additional five subjects. There were no responders in the placebo group. Median survival was 30.5 weeks for the MACC group compared to 8.5 weeks in the placebo group (P less than 0.0005, Gehan-Wilcoxon). We conclude that polychemotherapy (in this case MACC) significantly benefits patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Ankylosing spondylitis. Comparative trial of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents: pirprofen and ketoprofen].

In this double blind, crossover trial, 40 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were treated during two successive periods of 4 weeks each with either pirprofen 800 mg/day or ketoprofen 300 mg/day administered orally in a randomized order. The efficacy of pirprofen and ketoprofen was comparable, the results, as assessed by the clinician, were excellent or satisfactory in 53% of both groups. Pirprofen was well tolerated by 71% of the patients and ketoprofen by 59%.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadal male patients with the luteinizing hormone-relasing hormone (LH-RH) anolog D-Ser(TBU)6 EA10 LH-RH: transient disappearance of gonadotropin stimulation.

We have studied the effect of prolonged treatment with a long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog (D-Ser-(TBU)6 EA10 LH-RH in six patients with isolated gonadotropin deficiency. Before treatment, all subjects responded to LH-RH (100 microgram intravenously [IV]); one responded immediately, and five after 5 daily infusions of LH-RH (200 microgram). Treatment by LH-RH analog (348 microgram every 2 days with a nasal spray for 90 or 120 days) is only efficient for 1 month; a consistent increase in serum LH and a slight increase in testosterone (T) were observed in all patients, but no increase of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was detectable. Then a paradoxical effect appeared: LH and T levels returned to the basal values. Moreover, this treatment induced refractoriness of the pituitary to LH-RH for several months after the end of treatment. The appearance of antibodies to LH-RH and LH-RH analog was eliminated. A pituitary response was obtained in three patients when a new LH-RH stimulation was repeated 7 and 11 months after the end of treatment. The mechanism of this pituitary desensitization is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Skeletal muscle adaptation in adolescent boys: sprint and endurance training and detraining.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-month sprint and endurance training programs on the vastus lateralis muscle fiber area and the activities of glycolytic (phosphofructokinase; PFK) and oxidative (succinate dehydrogenase; SDH) enzymes of adolescent boys. Enzyme activities were also determined after a subsequent 6-month detraining period. Endurance training resulted in significant increases in VO2max (58.4 to 64.3 ml . min-1 . kg-1), in ST and FTa fiber area (6.0 to 7.3 and 8.0 to 10.4 microns 2 x 10(3), respectively), and in SDH activity (6.4 to 9.1 IU). After detraining VO2max and SDH activity returned to pretraining levels. Sprint training resulted in a significant increase only in PFK activity (28.1 to 33.9 IU), which was also abolished in the detraining period. These data demonstrate that in adolescent boys skeletal muscle enzyme changes are specific to the mode of training and that they are similar in direction but different in magnitude to those found in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Not Available].

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History, Early Modern 1451-1600↗
PubMed1982

Left ventricular size following endurance, sprint, and strength training.

Left ventricular size following endurance, sprint, and strength training. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 344-347, 1982. Left ventricular dimensions in adolescent boys were determined before and after three types of training regimens: endurance (END), N = 8, means = 16.8 yr; sprint (SPR), N = 8, means = 16.3 yr; strength (STR), N = 12, means = 18.7 yr. With training the END group significantly increased VO2max in 1 X min-1 (3.71 +/- 0.27 to 4.16 +/- 0.57, P less than 0.05) and in ml X min-1 X kg-1 (58.4 +/- 5.6 to 64.2 +/- 5.5, P less than 0.05). The SPR group increased VO2max in 1 X min-1 (3.63 +/- 0.63 to 3.98 +/- 0.78, P less than 0.05) but not in ml X min-1 X kg-1 (59.5 +/- 4.1 to 63.2 +/- 5.4) because body weight increased from 61.2 +/- 10.5 to 63.1 +/- 10.7 kg (P less than 0.05) with no change in percent body fat. The STR training group significantly improved upper body strength. Despite these specific training adaptations no significant modifications were found for interventricular and left ventricular posterior wall thickness or for left ventricular internal diameter in either training group. However, calculated left ventricular mass was slightly but significantly higher by 10% and 4% in the END and STR training groups, respectively. These small increases in calculated left ventricular mass with short-term training are probably caused by small but insignificant increases in left ventricular internal diameter secondary to a training bradycardia (END group: 76 +/- 8 to 64 +/- 1 beats X min-1) and to increased diastolic filling time rather than to true cardiac hypertrophy. Significant increases in aerobic capacity and in strength can occur without modification of left ventricular dimensions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental animal pathology. Immuno-allergic asthma (author's transl)].

One of the interests of experimental animal work is the power to analyse a given pathophysiological mechanism and also the privilege of witnessing its appearance. Immuno-allergic asthma, mediated by specific IgE of an allergen only represents one aetiological form, among many others, that make up the clinical spectrum of asthma in the human species. It is, however, the type of asthma whose experimental reproduction, a priori, is the most easily reproduced and has been the most tested. The different protocols used an analysis of the results and the lines of current or projected research form the object of this review.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative changes in AKR thymocyte subsets preceding the onset of leukemia.

The evolution of T-cell subsets in the thymuses of leukemia-prone AKR mice and of non-leukemia-prone BALB/c mice was compared for a period of 9 months. In AKR mice there is a sharp rise in thymic hormone sensitive thymocytes bearing a high concentration of Thy 1 antigen. While these cells also rise with age in BALB/c mice, they do so more slowly. The response of thymocytes to Con A was also compared between the two strains: the response of AKR cells drops to below significant levels within seven months, while BALB/c cells remain reactive throughout the experimental period. Since these age-related changes in Thy 1 antigen density and Con A reactivity can be reversed after incubation with a thymic hormone preparation, it is concluded that they are the result of a decrease in thymic hormone secretion, that this decrease is much more pronounced in AKR mice than in BALb/c mice and may therefore play a role in the etiology of the AKR leukemia.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

[Not Available].

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History, Early Modern 1451-1600↗