The lack of a definite knowledge on regional reproductive behavior characteristics hinders the evaluation of the goals stated in the General Population Law (Ley General de Población) and counteracts any efforts towards equating population growth with regional development. The present work aims at overcoming this problem. Indirect specific fertility rates and global fertility rates (GFR) were obtained by state, using census and vital statistics data for the states of Mexico during the 1970-1990 period. Reproductive behavior was related to social deprivation indexes used by PRONASOL and CONAPO for those years. A high statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01) between state social deprivation levels and the downward trends of GFR for the same decades was found. Findings evidence a general downward trend of GFR during the period of study. However, this trend was not uniform across the country. Further studies are needed to determine whether these differences are due to the various social deprivation levels rather than to the effectiveness and extension of family planning programs. Mapping these results could be useful as diagnostic elements of the reproductive behavior of the population and also generates information necessary to support social organized responses in reproductive health.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Anemia in women of reproductive age. The results of a national probability survey].

Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent forms of malnutrition which is clinically known as anemia. Functional consequences of anemia include impairment of cardiovascular performance, limitation in productivity, higher incidence of low birth weight and premature delivery, and increased maternal mortality. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of anemia in women of reproductive age in Mexico. Data were collected by the Ministry of Health through a National Nutrition Survey in 1988, which draw a representative sample from four regions: North, Center, South and Federal District. Anemia was more prevalent in pregnant (18.17%) than in non-pregnant women (15.38%). Those women living in predominantly indigenous communities had higher prevalence of anemia (24.02%) than non-indigenous women (14.67%). Anemia was more prevalent in urban areas (15.54%) than in rural (13.56%). Mean +/- standard deviation values for hemoglobin were lower in pregnant women (12.5 +/- 1.6 g/dL) than in non-pregnant ones (13.7 +/- 1.6 g/dL). Consistently, the Northern and Southern regions were worse off than the Center and the Federal District. These data indicate that anemia is a public health problem in Mexico. The functional consequences of this deficiency justify interventions to treat and prevent it.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Stunting and emaciation in children under 5 in distinct regions and strata in Mexico].

Data from a National Nutrition Survey conducted in 1988 in a probability sample of 13,236 households and 17,426 children under five, representative at the national level and for four regions (North, Center, South, and Mexico City), were analyzed. Risks for wasting and stunting and odds ratios were obtained by region, by district according to proportion of indigenous population and by level of urbanization, by level of education of both parents, by gender, and by various combinations of the former strata. A high risk of stunting and a low risk of wasting were found. The risk of stunting is greater in predominantly indigenous and rural districts, in the South and Center, and in families of mothers with low education and poor housing conditions. The results can be used for food and nutrition policy planning and for targeting nutrition intervention programs.

Anthropometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Colorectal cancers. Preparation for surgery and postoperative surveillance. Nursing care].

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Colorectal Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cancer of the lower rectum].

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Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Capacity of weight-for-age and length-for-age to predict stunting at 3 years of age].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the capacity of two cut-off points of weight-for-age and length-for-age (-1 and -2 standard deviations) at different ages in the interval between birth and 30 months to predict stunting in three year old children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from a longitudinal study in Guatemala were used to evaluate the hypothesis that the capacity of cut-off values of weight-for-age and length-for-age to predict stunting at three years of age varies according to age. RESULTS: Length-for-age at -1 standard deviation (SD) of the WHO/NCHS mean reference values is a satisfactory prognostic indicator of stunting at three years of age during the first semester of life, while the same index at -2 SD is adequate after 9 months of age. Weight-for-age at -1 SD is a suitable indicator only at 9 months and at -2 SD the indicator is satisfactory between 15 and 24 months of age. CONCLUSION: The capacity to predict stunting at three years of age, for weight-for-age and length-for-age cut-off values varies according to age.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy and nutrient consumption in Mexican women in reproductive age].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze energy and nutrient consumption in Mexican women from 12 to 49 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dietetic information was gathered by a 24 h recall from 9,101 women who participated in the National Nutrition Survey conducted in 1988. These data were compared with sociodemographic and physiologic characteristics. Nutrient consumption was compared with the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA). Variance analysis and t-test were used to evaluate group differences. RESULTS: Mean energy consumption was 1,721 kcal per day. The diet consisted of 15% protein, 60% carbohydrates and 25% fat. The proportion of women with dietary intakes lower than 50% of the RDA was 70% for vitamin A, 75% for vitamin B6, 56% for vitamin C, 33% for vitamin B12, 69% for folate, 33% for calcium and 22% for iron. CONCLUSION: Results show important deficiencies in the diet, predominantly in pregnant and lactating women, in women from low socioeconomic levels and in rural and indigenous women of south of the Mexican republic.

Adolescent↗