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Biomedical subjects

M Fisher

Publications and source records attributed to M Fisher.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hand protection and protection from hands: hand-washing, germicides and gloves.

A variety of soaps, detergents, germicides, and protective gloves are available for use by health care workers. Appropriate hand-washing and glove use will reduce the possibility of spread of infectious organisms from patient to staff, from patient to patient, and from staff to patient. Both hand-washing and glove use can have adverse effects. Excessive hand-washing, mechanical irritation from scrubbing, use of germicides, and wearing of gloves can result in irritant and allergic dermatitis. Dermatitis will result in an increased risk of infection to both the worker and the patient.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1989

Out of the Ivory Tower: the value of collaborative research.

Collaboration is an underutilized strategy for combining the strengths and perspective of home health care professionals in service and academic settings. This paper explores the importance of collaborative research strategies, focusing on the role of the unique talents, resources, and perspectives offered by each health professional to the research process. Finally, personal, professional and organizational barriers to collaboration are examined in order to alert would-be researcher collaborators to obstacles they are likely to encounter. When both the strengths of and obstacles to collaborative research are anticipated, collaboration can encourage research that is relevant to the needs and experiences of both home health service providers and academicians.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Differences in the plasma concentrations of FSH and LH in ovariectomized Booroola FF and ++ ewes.

During 12 sampling days before ovariectomy the mean plasma FSH but not LH concentrations in FF ewes were higher (P less than 0.01) than those in ++ ewes (16 ewes/genotype). After ovariectomy increases in the concentrations of FSH and LH were noted for ewes of both genotypes within 3-4 h and the rates of increase of FSH and LH were 0.18 ng ml-1 h-1 and 0.09 ng ml-1 h-1 respectively for the first 15 h. From Days 1 to 12 after ovariectomy, the overall mean +/- s.e.m. concentrations for FSH in the FF and ++ ewes were 8.1 +/- 0.6 and 7.1 +/- 0.4 ng/ml respectively and for LH they were 2.7 +/- 0.3 and 2.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml: these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.09 for both FSH and LH; Student's t test). However, when the frequencies of high FSH or LH values after ovariectomy were compared with respect to genotype over time, significant F gene-specific differences were noted (P less than 0.01 for both FSH and LH; median test). In Exp. 2 another 21 ewes/genotype were blood sampled every 2nd day from Days 2 to 60 after ovariectomy and the plasma concentrations of FSH and LH were more frequently higher in FF than in ++ ewes (P less than 0.01 for FSH and LH). The F gene-specific differences in LH concentration, observed at 21-36 days after ovariectomy were due to higher mean LH amplitudes (P less than 0.025) but not LH peak frequency in FF than in ++ ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone or bovine follicular fluid on the plasma concentrations of FSH and LH in ovariectomized Booroola ewes which were homozygous carriers or non-carriers of a fecundity gene.

The plasma concentrations of FSH and LH were measured in ovariectomized Booroola FF and ++ ewes before and after treatment with subcutaneous implants of oestradiol-17 beta (0, 2 or 8 cm Silastic capsules; 5 ewes/genotype per dose) or progesterone (0, 1 or 3 Silastic envelopes; 5 ewes/genotype per dose) or subcutaneous injections of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF; 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5 ml; 4 ewes/genotype per dose). During the first 50 h after implantation of oestradiol or progesterone, or the first 24 h after bFF treatment, the FSH and LH concentrations in plasma were not different between the genotypes although there were significant effects of the steriods and bFF with respect to dose (P less than 0.05). At 6 days after steroid implantation, no gene-specific effects were noted for the plasma concentrations of FSH although significant effects of dose of oestradiol (P less than 0.01) but not progesterone were noted. Also at 6 days after steroid implantation, no gene-specific differences in the pulsatile patterns (i.e. peak frequency or amplitude) of plasma LH concentrations were noted although there were significant effects of steriod dose (P less than 0.05) on frequency and/or amplitude. It is concluded that the higher ovulation-rate in FF than ++ Booroola ewes is unlikely to be due to gene-specific differences in the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to ovarian hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acute Rh isoimmunization following abdominal trauma associated with late abruption placenta.

Acute exacerbation of Rh isoimmunization following abdominal trauma is a rare complication of pregnancy. The report describes a case of a mild case of erythroblastosis fetalis following maternal exposure to massive fetal-maternal transfusion, occurring after abdominal injury in motoring accident. Abruptio placenta 7 days following the trauma indicated emergency cesarean section, at which a severely affected fetus (erythroblastosis fetalis) was delivered. Late abruption--in the presence of no other risk factor--is considered to call for prolonged surveillance. Any abdominal trauma in a Rh-negative woman should alert one to the possibility of massive transplacental hemorrhage and augmentation of the maternal immune response.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids prolongs platelet survival in hyperlipidemic patients with atherosclerosis.

Enhanced dietary omega-3 fatty acid consumption is thought to be associated with a reduced incidence of atherothrombotic disorders. This effect may be mediated in part through suppression of in vivo platelet activity by omega-3 fatty acids. We observed that platelet survival, a sensitive indicator of in vivo platelet activity was prolonged from 6.4 +/- 1.5 days to 7.7 +/- 1.4 days by moderate amounts of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks in a group of hyperlipidemic patients with preexisting, established atherothrombotic disorders. This effect on platelet survival was associated with a decrease in platelet arachidonic acid levels from 26.7 +/- 3.5% to 20.9% +/- 2.5% and a rise in platelet eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid measurements from essentially undetectable to 2.8% +/- 1.6% and 1.9% +/- 1.0%. Plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum apolipoprotein B levels rose significantly during the omega-3 fatty acid supplementation period. Platelet aggregation did not change. This study demonstrates that a modest amount of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can significantly effect in vivo platelet activity in a population at high risk for recurrent atherothrombotic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cloning and high level expression of a chimeric antibody with specificity for human carcinoembryonic antigen.

A mouse/human chimeric antibody has been constructed by using variable light and variable heavy regions from a murine hybridoma specific for human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (CEM231.6.7). These V regions were combined with kappa and gamma-1 constant region genes cloned from human lymphocytes. The chimeric constructs were sequentially electroporated into murine non-Ig-producing myeloma (P3.653) and hybridoma (SP2/0) cell. Significant differences were seen in expression levels between the two cell types. High levels of expression (24 to 32 micrograms/ml/10(6) cells) were seen with several of the anti-CEA SP2/0 transfectomas but not with the P3.653 cells. The SP2/0 transfectoma lines were adapted to serum-free, chemically defined media and grown in large scale fermentation cultures where they continued to secrete high levels of antibody. The chimeric antibodies remain reactive against human CEA with affinity constants comparable to that of the parental hybridoma antibody. High level expression will make practical the production of chimeric antibodies for in vivo therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Effect of intravenous enalaprilat in moderate and severe systemic hypertension.

The antihypertensive effect and tolerability of enalaprilat, an intravenously administered angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was studied in 65 patients with moderate or severe hypertension. In this randomized, double-blind study, enalaprilat was compared with placebo in 42 (22 enalaprilat, 20 placebo) moderate hypertensive (diastolic blood pressure [BP] 100 to 114 mm Hg) patients. It was compared with furosemide in 23 (12 enalaprilat, 11 furosemide) severe hypertensive (diastolic BP 115 to 130 mm Hg) patients. Enalaprilat (1.25 or 5.0 mg), placebo (5% dextrose) or furosemide (40 or 80 mg) was given every 6 hours intravenously up to 48 hours. In the moderate hypertension stratum, the mean supine diastolic BP was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) reduced from baseline at all timepoints in the enalaprilat group. These diastolic BP reductions were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) greater in the enalaprilat group than the placebo at 1 to 24 hours (-12 vs -4 mm Hg), with 59% of the patients responding to enalaprilat compared with 30% of the patients responding to placebo. An even greater reduction (p less than or equal to 0.01) was seen at 25 to 48 hours (-14 vs -7 mm Hg, with 73% enalaprilat vs 58% placebo responders). Significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) reductions in mean, supine systolic BP were also seen at 1 to 24 hours (-22 vs -2 mm Hg) and 25 to 48 hours (-24 vs -8 mm Hg) during the 48 hours of the double-blind treatment phase in the enalaprilat group compared with placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1988

Management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunocompromised host.

From 1982 to 1987, 22 patients with proven Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed at Wellington Hospital. Patients comprised 15 males and 7 females aged 15-76 years and included seven with AIDS, eight with haematological malignancy and seven with renal disease. Two distinct clinical prodromes occurred. In renal patients a classic fulminating pneumonitis developed over 24 to 72 hours. In patients with AIDS a more indolent illness occurred lasting 3 or more weeks and was characterised by fever, dry cough and breathlessness. Haematology patients showed no specific duration of prodrome. At the time of diagnosis all had an abnormal chest radiograph and the arterial PO2 was reduced in all but one case. An invasive diagnostic procedure was performed in all except one case where the diagnosis was made at post mortem. Two patients required a second procedure to establish the diagnosis. Procedures performed included bronchoalveolar lavage [14], open lung biopsy [7] and transbronchial lung biopsy [2]. All patients were treated with high dose cotrimoxazole and 18 survived to leave hospital. A review of the approach to the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

The safety and angiographic efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator in a cerebral embolization model.

Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been used to treat myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in humans. This plasminogen activator may also be useful in treating certain strokes. We infused tPA or saline in rabbits 15 minutes after selective internal carotid artery embolization with 18-hour aged autologous clot. By serial angiography, the tPA-treated group demonstrated rapid angiographic reperfusion of the occluded vascular territory in 7 of 8 animals, whereas none of 6 saline controls did. None of the animals in either group developed macroscopic cerebral hemorrhage. Both groups showed cerebral infarction, predominantly in the territory of the occluded vessel; the extent of infarction did not differ between tPA-treated animals and controls. Early tPA therapy can allow reperfusion of occluded cerebral arteries safely and effectively in a rabbit cerebral embolization model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Monocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte toxic oxygen metabolite production in multiple sclerosis.

Lipid-laden macrophages, which are predominantly derived from blood monocytes, are present at sites of active multiple sclerosis demyelination and are assumed to be involved in the demyelinating process. These inflammatory cells produce a variety of toxic oxygen metabolites which can mediate host tissue destruction. We measured production of two oxygen metabolites by monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in MS patients and controls. Stimulated monocytes produced significantly more hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and chemiluminescence in the MS group than controls. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte, an inflammatory cell that appears to contribute little to MS demyelination, did not demonstrate increased production of toxic oxygen metabolites in the MS patients as compared to controls. These results suggest that blood monocytes in MS patients are primed to produce increased amounts of cytotoxic oxygen metabolites when exposed to inflammatory stimuli.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Neuronal influence on glial enzyme expression: evidence from chimeric mouse cerebellum.

Cerebella, variably deficient in Purkinje cells, were obtained from aggregation chimeras of either Lurcher or Purkinje cell degeneration mutants. These cerebella were used to analyze the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) in Bergmann glia. Immunocytochemistry showed apparently normal GPDH expression only in Bergmann glia in the immediate vicinity of surviving Purkinje cells. The number of GPDH-positive Bergmann glia cells associated with isolated Purkinje cells was close to that expected, based on measurements in Golgi-stained, normal cerebella of the Bergmann glia cell's domain. The results support the hypothesis that GPDH expression in Bergmann glia cells depends upon their sustained interaction with Purkinje cells, most likely involving direct cell-cell contact.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pure motor hemiplegia secondary to a saccular basilar artery aneurysm.

Pure motor hemiplegia is the most commonly encountered lacunar syndrome and is classically associated with small infarctions in the contralateral internal capsule or basis pontis. Pure motor hemiplegia has also been observed secondary to a wide variety of other vascular and nonvascular focal central nervous system processes. We describe a patient with pure motor hemiplegia associated with a saccular basilar artery aneurysm causing a lacunar infarction of the cerebral peduncle.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Ischemic stroke after cardiac pacemaker implantation in sick sinus syndrome.

The risk of embolic stroke during sick sinus syndrome before cardiac pacemaker insertion is substantial, but stroke after pacemaker insertion has not been well studied. We observed 10 sick sinus syndrome patients who developed an ischemic stroke 4 days to 112 months after pacemaker insertion. Nine patients represented 6% of the 156 ischemic stroke patients observed during a 30-month period. Eight had a ventricular-demand pacemaker, one had a dual-chamber pacemaker, and one had an atrial-inhibited pacemaker. Six patients were in atrial fibrillation at stroke onset, but none had atrial fibrillation when the pacemaker was inserted. Six patients were taking aspirin, and one was anticoagulated when stroke occurred. Stroke in sick sinus syndrome after pacemaker insertion is not rare, and pacing does not appear to be protective. Sick sinus syndrome patients who convert to atrial fibrillation or who have a ventricular-demand pacemaker might represent high-risk groups for stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Selective embolization and clot dissolution with tPA in the internal carotid artery circulation of the rabbit.

We describe a model of thromboembolic stroke in rabbits that utilizes the Seldinger technique and digital arteriography. The internal carotid arteries of 14 rabbits were catheterized selectively and embolized with autologous blood clots. After embolization, eight rabbits received IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); the remaining six were infused with saline and served as controls. After embolization, cerebral arteriograms were obtained at 30-min intervals for 180 min. Cerebral arteriograms obtained after tPA therapy revealed partial or complete thrombus dissolution in seven (88%) of the eight treated rabbits. In the control group, none of the arteriograms of the embolized internal carotid arteries showed thrombus dissolution. In the tPA-treated group, the median time for thrombus dissolution was 60 min. This stroke model is economical, reproducible, and less traumatic to the brain than most of the previously described animal models. It also provides a means to compare the safety and efficacy of various thrombolytic agents in small animals.

Animals↗