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Biomedical subjects

M F Green

Publications and source records attributed to M F Green.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A critical appraisal of the use of free flaps in primary reconstruction of combined scalp and calvarial cancer defects.

Eleven patients had scalp tumours with full thickness calvarial invasion excised and reconstructed with free flap transfer as a primary procedure. Latissimus dorsi or radial forearm flaps were used, with split rib calvarial reconstruction. One flap was lost peroperatively and another necrosed at 8 days following pedicle compression against an acrylic "skull". Only six patients presently survive, two being treated for recurrence. Long-term follow-up indicates that poor prognostic factors are advanced local invasion, squamous or anaplastic tumours, and advanced age. However, palliative treatment has a role.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Subvocal activity and auditory hallucinations: clues for behavioral treatments?

Several investigators have suggested that schizophrenic patients may show an increase in subvocal speech (as measured by electromyographic [EMG] activity) during auditory hallucinations (AH), and that the subvocal activity might be antecedent to the hallucinatory experience. The possible relationship between AH and subvocal activity guided the present approach to studying behavioral interventions for AH. Duration of AH and EMG activity were recorded from 20 frequently hallucinating schizophrenic patients under baseline and experimental conditions. Three conditions were designed to interfere with activity of the speech musculature and two were imposed as controls. The data concerning the temporal relationship between EMG activity and self-report of hallucinations were inconclusive. However, one of the experimental conditions (humming a single note softly) reduced the self-report of hallucinations by 59 percent. This condition also increased EMG amplitude over baseline levels. Possible explanations for the effect of humming on hallucinations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The temporal relationship between depressive and psychotic symptoms in recent-onset schizophrenia.

The authors examined the temporal relationship between onset of depressive and psychotic symptoms in 27 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder. Ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were collected every 2 weeks for at least 1 year to specify onset of relapse or exacerbation. Six time periods were defined in relation to onset of psychotic symptoms, and the number of depressive periods was determined for each time period. Onset of depressive periods was concurrent with onset of psychosis more often than expected but was not associated with any other time period. The authors found no distinctive postpsychotic pattern of onset for depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Is there atypical handedness in schizophrenia?

Ninety-three schizophrenic patients and 105 normal controls were tested in a single session on an 8-item repeat-administration handedness test. The schizophrenic group, in contrast to the normal controls, showed a shift in the distribution away from right-handedness, which was due to an increase in the proportion of mixed-handers. Additional analyses revealed that the increase in mixed-handedness was largely due to an increase of within-item variability in the schizophrenic group, which we refer to as ambiguous handedness. Nearly 20% of the schizophrenic patients were inconsistent on 3 or more items compared with 3.8% of the normal controls. This increased incidence of atypical handedness is discussed within the context of disorders of attention and neurodevelopment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia.

This study was conducted to investigate the value of using physical anomalies (PAs) to evaluate early prenatal injury in schizophrenia. PAs are minor abnormalities in development of the head, hands, and feet that are presumably associated with insult during the first trimester. Sixty-seven schizophrenic inpatients and 88 normal controls were evaluated for PAs. The schizophrenic patients showed significantly more anomalies than the controls. The difference remained significant even when patients were compared to controls of low socioeconomic status. Both male and female patients showed a high incidence of mouth abnormalities, and female patients showed a high incidence of abnormalities in head circumference. Patients with early age of onset (less than or equal to 18 years) had more physical anomalies than did later onset patients. This relationship was most noticeable for males. Physical anomalies were not associated with deficits on measures of vigilance, selective attention, or orientation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The relationship of symptomatology and medication to electrodermal activity in schizophrenia.

An electrodermal assessment procedure using mild innocuous tones, task-relevant tones, and loud white noise was administered to a sample of schizophrenic patients (n = 77). The present study investigated the relationship of schizophrenic symptomatology and anticholinergic level of neuroleptic medication to electrodermal variables. Each patient was evaluated for positive (florid) and negative (defect) symptoms. The neuroleptics that patients received were rated according to their anticholinergic effect. No significant differences in symptomatology were observed between electrodermal responders and nonresponders; however, nonresponders showed a nonsignificant tendency to have more positive and negative symptoms than responders. Both negative symptoms and anticholinergic levels were significant predictors of lower tonic levels of skin conductance. Patients receiving high anticholinergic neuroleptics showed significantly reduced measures of electrodermal responsivity and tonic levels. Thus, both symptomatology and type of neuroleptic are related to electrodermal measures, with the anticholinergic effect of neuroleptic medication being more pronounced.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Maturation antigen of the mouse sperm flagellum. I. Analysis of its secretion, association with sperm, and function.

We report here recent findings on the sperm maturation antigen SMA4, which is secreted by holocrine cells of the distal caput epididymis and binds to the flagellar surface of mouse sperm during epididymal transit. Washed sperm from the caput and corpus epididymides of mice were examined by immunofluorescence and SDS-PAGE using wheat germ agglutinin, which binds specifically to SMA4 as a primary probe. Results indicate that sperm first exhibit WGA reactivity on their flagellae in the region of the distal caput, and that the appearance of WGA receptors is due to the binding of a 54-Kd glycoprotein (SMA4) to the cell surface. Extracts of epididymis containing SMA4 were tested for their ability to bind to the surfaces of caput and corpus sperm. Caput sperm surfaces bound SMA4 in a temperature-independent manner, and binding occurred in the presence of enzyme inhibitors, suggesting a nonenzymatic process. Biochemical studies revealed that SMA4 contains disulfide bonds which stabilize it on the sperm surface and restrict its mobility. Terminal carbohydrate residues of the molecule are sialic acids. The addition of SMA4 to caput sperm flagellae prevented tail-to-tail agglutination, normally seen when caput sperm are diluted into saline; and SMA4 was able to disperse clumps of agglutinated caput sperm. The data suggest that a primary function of SMA4 is to prevent tail-to-tail agglutination of sperm during storage in the epididymis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Neuroleptic effects on electrodermal responsivity to soft tones and loud noise in schizophrenia.

Electrodermal procedures have consistently yielded two groups of schizophrenic patients--responders and nonresponders--on the basis of their electrodermal responsivity to auditory stimuli. The reliability of this finding has proved to be a cornerstone of autonomic research in schizophrenia. Previous investigators have reported that neuroleptic medications have little or no effect on electrodermal responsivity to mild tones. The current research found that patients receiving neuroleptics with high anticholinergic properties showed significantly less electrodermal responsivity compared with those receiving low anticholinergic neuroleptics. This was true for both loud and mild auditory stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The importance of embryological research in the surgical management of the cleft lip deformity.

The cleft lip deformity has been present throughout mankind, and has entered into the folklore of Nations. There has been a multitude of described repairs. Still they do not provide the hoped for final results. Some of the changes have been based on "thought out" ideas, others on futile guesses. The last few years have seen changes in the surgical direction due to a clearer understanding of the basic embryology. These changes have been made possible by advances in equipment and technology. Changes in animal research, both intra- and extra-uterine, have made possible experiments which may answer some of the suppositions put forward covering both development and healing. The classification of cleft lip places all the deformities in one group, but there may in fact be several groups with different actual causes and failures leading to the same clinical picture. The understanding of the failure or failures that occur in development should lead to a logical approach to the repair of the cleft deformity.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1987

Maturation antigen of the mouse sperm flagellum: II. Origin from holocrine cells of the distal caput epididymis.

During epididymal transit, the mouse sperm flagellum acquires a surface glycoprotein (SMA4) from epididymal fluid that functions as a sperm antiagglutinin. To determine the origin of this molecule, testes and epididymides of male mice were sectioned for light microscopy and stained with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-peroxidase, a probe that has been used previously to examine the biology of SMA4. WGA reactivity was localized to the cytoplasm in a small population of cells in the distal caput epididymis. Testis cells and principle cells of the caput were nonreactive with WGA, while stereocilia were stained on principle cells in the corpus and cauda. The WGA-positive cells in the distal caput were identified as holocrine cells on the basis of morphology, distribution, and PAS + reaction. At high magnification, intense WGA reactivity was due to the presence of numerous apical granules in the cytoplasm. The location of the cells in distal caput coincided exactly with the region of tubule in which sperm first acquired SMA4 on their flagellae. These data suggest that holocrine cells near the junction of caput and corpus epididymis are the source of the sperm antiagglutinin SMA4.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible.

A desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible in an 11-year-old girl provided a difficult diagnosis because of its similarity, both clinically and histologically, to a low-grade fibrosarcoma following its rapid recurrence after primary local curettage. Immediate one-stage microvascular musculocutaneous reconstruction served to allow complete excision of the lesion and minimize the degree of psychological trauma. The differential diagnosis and the significance of cartilagenous elements present in the lesion are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The embryological, developmental and functional importance in the repair of the nasal musculature to reduce the deformity of the cleft lip nose.

The latent ability of nasal growth to correct developmental deformities when caused by a deforming force has been shown in nasal dermoids where early surgery by removing the deforming elements allows subsequent growth of the nasal bones and cartilages to correct the abnormality. An embryological study into the nasal musculature has shown both an orbicularis and dilator system to be present. The correction of the abnormal musculature in the cleft lip nose by removing the deforming connections and realigning the muscles allows subsequent growth the possibility of producing normal development. Primary surgery in the cleft lip nose has not shown any detrimental growth patterns and correction of the nasal musculature should therefore be carried out at the time of the primary lip correction.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1987

Handedness distribution in a residential population with severe or profound mental retardation.

Handedness within a sample of mentally retarded subjects was assessed using a procedure that includes a large number of items appropriate for lower functioning subjects, with multiple presentations within and between sessions one week apart. Results revealed a dramatic shift from the normal right-handed bias primarily due to the presence of a large mixed-handedness subtype, which proved to be ambiguously handed in that these subjects showed inconsistent hand preference within items. Reasons why this subtype has not been reported previously were discussed, and a model was postulated to explain the resultant handedness distribution in terms of probable central nervous system substrate.

Adult↗