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Biomedical subjects

M Eto

Publications and source records attributed to M Eto.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Evaluation of flow electromyography in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Combined uroflowmetry and external sphincter electromyography studies were done both preoperatively and postoperatively in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In 56 patients preoperative electromyography during voiding showed silent or markedly suppressed activity in 41 patients (73.2%), while the remaining 15 patients (27.8%) revealed active electromyography. In the postoperative studies, 12 patients revealed active electromyography even after the release of obstruction. The urine flow rate following operation was not drastically improved in the active electromyography group compared to the silent electromyography group. We suppose that long-term urethral obstruction with prostatic adenoma could influence the function of relaxation of the external sphincter muscle in some patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Apolipoprotein E phenotyping from plasma by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.

A method for apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotyping directly from plasma by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and immunoblotting was confirmed. Ten microliters plasma were delipidated. IEF in 5% polyacrylamide flat gel with 6.4 mol/l urea and 2.8% pharmalyte (PH 4-6.5) was carried out at 3,000 V for 1 hr. Seventeen samples were applied per one flat gel, and IEF of two flat gels was made. Then, Western blotting on nitrocellulose membrane was done at 75 V for 3 hr. Immunostaining was performed using goat-anti-human apo E as first antibody and biotinylated anti-goat IgG as second antibody, and 4-chlorodel-1-naphthol as a substrate. In approximately 5% of the samples, we had difficulty in discriminating between homozygotes and heterozygotes (i.e., apo E3/3 and apo E3/2, or apo E4/4 and apo E4/3) because of equally strong sialated band, but this problem was solved by sialidase treatment of plasma before delipidation. As a result, six apo E phenotypes were clearly demonstrated. Apo E phenotyping of 34 samples could be made simultaneously in 2 days. It is concluded that the polyacrylamide gel IEF and immunoblotting method is useful for apo E phenotyping if it is made up for by sialidase treatment.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed1990

A family of homozygous familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia with complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity.

The propositus was a 43-year-old Japanese male with a plasma total cholesterol (chol) level of 252 mg/dl and a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-chol of 169 mg/dl. His brother also had a markedly higher HDL-chol level of 149 mg/dl. In addition, his mother, sister and all 3 children had higher HDL-chol levels of 75-91 mg/dl. These data suggest that the propositus and his brother were homozygous for familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia (FHALP), whereas his mother, sister and 3 children were heterozygous for FHALP. None had any clinical signs of atherosclerosis. The propositus and his brother (homozygous FHALP) also showed markedly higher levels of apo AI (greater than or equal to 190 mg/dl) and E (greater than 16 mg/dl). Ultracentrifugal analysis disclosed an increase of HDL2-chol in the propositus. Cholesteryl ester transfer activity (CETA) was completely absent in the propositus (0.0% transfer/5 microliters/18 hr) and his brother (0.3% transfer/5 microliters/18 hr). It is concluded that this case is a family of homozygous FHALP probably caused by complete deficiency of CETA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Increased frequencies of apolipoprotein epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles in patients with ischemic heart disease.

It has been demonstrated that the genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein (apo) E is associated with atherosclerosis. Thus, in this study, we have examined the apo E allele frequencies in 109 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 576 Japanese people as controls, and we have compared these frequencies between patients with IHD and controls. The frequencies of the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles were significantly higher in patients with IHD than in the controls (epsilon 2: 8.2% vs 3.7%, epsilon 4: 17.0% vs 11.7%), whereas the frequency of the epsilon 3 allele was significantly lower in patients with IHD than in the controls (74.8% vs 84.6%). The epsilon 2-carrying patients with IHD were characterized by type III (43.8%) and IV (25.0%) hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), whereas the epsilon 4-carrying patients with IHD were characterized by hypercholesterolemia (type IIb HLP: 42.8%, type IIa HLP: 28.6%). It is concluded that both epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles are more associated with IHD than the epsilon 3 allele.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Apolipoprotein-E2 and hyperlipoproteinemia in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The association of apolipoprotein-E2 (apoE2) with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) was investigated in 23 noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with apoE2 and 24 nondiabetic controls with apoE2. The frequency of HLP was significantly higher in diabetic subjects with apoE2 (73.9%) than in nondiabetic controls (37.5%). HLP in nondiabetic subjects with apoE2 included only type IV (n = 9), whereas HLP in diabetic subjects with apoE2 included type IIb (n = 1), type III (n = 7), and type IV (n = 9). Diabetic patients with apoE2 were characterized by increased levels of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol (chol), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-chol, and apoE and an increased VLDL-chol/VLDL-triglyceride ratio, i.e. the accumulation of remnants. In addition, fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin-A1 levels were significantly higher in hyperlipoproteinemic diabetic patients with apoE2 than in normolipidemic diabetic patients with apoE2. It is concluded that diabetes (poor metabolic control) predisposes apoE2 (epsilon 2)-carrying subjects to HLP (particularly type III) and that apoE2 may be one factor linking diabetes with HLP and cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Hydroxyapatite implant for human periodontal osseous defects].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an implant material into human periodontal defects. Thirty three patients affected by marginal periodontitis were studied. Following initial therapy, 44 periodontal osseous defects received grafts of HAP granules and blocks during flap surgery. Radiographic and various clinical examinations were performed before surgery and 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, 6 and more than 6 months after surgery. The results were as follows: 1. Postsurgical inflammation of the gingiva disappeared in a short time. Further more open wounds and discharges of HAP disappeared in the first month. There were no clinical problems in the sites receiving HAP implantation. 2. Radiographic demarcation lines between the implanted HAP and the surrounding alveolar bone became unclear at the beginning of bone repair. 3. At six months after surgery, the mean values of gingival recession, decrease in pocket depth and clinical attachment gain were respectively 0.9 mm, 2.7 mm, 1.9 mm. Additional observation beyond 6 months showed an attachment gain of 2.0 mm. 4. The attachment gain was less in the cases of one wall osseous defect and of furcation involvement in lower molars. These results suggest that HAP implantation is clinically effective, however, careful application is needed for the cases of one wall osseous defect or furcation involvement.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed1989

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and hyperlipoproteinemia in obesity.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism and plasma lipid profiles and the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) in obesity. Eighty-seven obese subjects with 131 percent of ideal body weight (mean) were studied. One hundred and thirty-two nonobese subjects with 105 percent of ideal body weight were also selected as the controls. There was no significant difference in apo E allele and phenotype frequencies between the obese and nonobese subjects. The frequency of HLP was 100 percent in obese subjects with apo E2 and/or apo E4, whereas it was 47.3 percent in obese subjects with the common apo E3/3 phenotype. In obesity apo E2 was associated with increased plasma triglyceride (TG) and apo E, and decreased plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (type III and IV HLP), whereas apo E4 was associated with increased plasma TG, total cholesterol, and apo E (type IIa, IIb, IV and V HLP). These results indicate that obese subjects with apo E2 and/or E4 were more susceptible to HLP than obese subjects with the common apo E3/3 phenotype. It is concluded that apo E2 and/or E4 are closely related to HLP in obesity and thus may be one factor linking obesity with cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Familial hypercholesterolemia and apolipoprotein E4.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between two genetic factors associated with raised blood cholesterol, i.e. familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and apolipoprotein (apo) E4. A group of 50 unrelated heterozygous FH patients aged 33-71 years were studied together with 129 normolipidemic subjects. A significantly higher frequency of apo E4 phenotypes was found in FH patients (30.0%) than in normolipidemic subjects (15.5%). FH patients were divided into two groups with and without apo E4. Plasma total cholesterol (Chol) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher, and plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Chol) level tended to be higher in FH patients with apo E4 than in those without apo E4. In addition, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was significantly higher in FH patients with apo E4 (73.3%) than in those without apo E4 (31.4%). No significant difference was noted in age and in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and smoking between the FH groups with and without apo E4. These results suggest that apo E4 is associated with higher levels of total Chol and TG and, at least in part, contributes to the predisposition to IHD in FH.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Apolipoprotein E alleles and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japan.

Genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein (apo) E has been demonstrated to be associated with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). There are few reports on this association in Japan. Thus, in this study, we have examined the apo E allele frequencies in normolipidemia (n = 129), non-familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) type IIa HLP (n = 40), non-FH type IIb HLP (n = 35), type III HLP (n = 17), type IV HLP (n = 59), type V HLP (n = 19) and heterozygous FH (n = 51) in Japan, and compared these frequencies between normolipidemia, and different types of HLP and FH. The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele was significantly higher in type IIa (18.7%), IIb (21.4%) and V (29.0%) HLP and FH (16.6%) than in normolipidemia (8.9%), whereas the frequency of the epsilon 2 allele was significantly higher in type III (70.6%) and IV (11.0%) HLP than in normolipidemia (3.1%). These results indicate that the epsilon 4 allele is associated with non-FH hypercholesterolemia (type IIa and IIb HLP), type V HLP and FH, whereas the epsilon 2 allele is associated not only with type III HLP but also with type IV HLP.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

Preovulatory secretion of progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin in 4-day and 5-day cycling rats.

Timing of ovulation and changes in plasma progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) during periovulatory stages were determined in Holtzman rats exhibiting regular 4- or 5-day cycles under a daily artificial illumination from 0500 to 1900 h. The 5-day cycling rats ovulated between 0130 and 0930 h on estrus, whereas some of the 4-day cycling animals ovulated as early as about 0130 h and others as late as 1130 h on estrus. Onset time of preovulatory LH and progesterone surges was about 1500 h on proestrus in both the 4- and the 5-day cycling rats. Peak levels of plasma LH and progesterone were measured at 1700 to 1900 h on proestrus, while the first rises and peak values of plasma PRL were evident a few hours earlier than those of plasma LH in the rats with two cycle lengths. Plasma LH levels at 1900 h on proestrus as well as plasma progesterone levels at 1600 and 2300 h on proestrus and at 0130 and 0330 h on estrus were significantly lower in the 5-day cycling rats than in the 4-day cycling animals (p less than 0.05). In contrast, PRL levels from 1500 through 2300 h on proestrus remained consistently higher in 5-day cycling rats than in 4-day cycling rats, and significant differences in PRL levels between these rats were apparent at 1500, 1600, and 2100 h (p less than 0.05-0.01). Thus, these results demonstrate that the 5-day cycling rats exhibit the attenuated magnitude of LH surge accompanied by the augmented preovulatory PRL release, and that plasma progesterone levels reflect the magnitude of LH surge. A tentative working hypothesis concerning the etiology of the 5-day cycle has been proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Increased frequency of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele in type II diabetes with hypercholesterolemia.

The apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype and allele frequencies were examined in type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with normolipidemia (n = 134) and hypercholesterolemia (type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia, n = 35; type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia, n = 42). The frequencies of apoE4-present phenotypes (apoE4/3, apoE4/4, and apoE4/2) were highest in the type IIa group (51.4%), followed by the type IIb group (38.1%) and the normolipidemic group (16.4%), respectively, whereas the frequency of the most common phenotype, apoE3/3, was lowest in the type IIa group (48.6%), followed by the type IIb group (61.9%) and the normolipidemic group (79.9%), respectively. There were significant differences in the apoE phenotype frequencies between the normolipidemic group and the type IIa and IIb groups. The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele was significantly higher in the type IIa (28.6%) and IIb (20.2%) groups than in the normolipidemic group (8.9%), whereas the frequency of the epsilon 3 allele was significantly lower in the type IIa (71.4%) and IIb (78.6%) groups than in the normolipidemic group (89.2%). The frequency of the epsilon 2 allele tended to be lower in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. In addition, these frequencies were also examined in nondiabetic subjects (n = 59). The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele tended to be higher in hypercholesterolemic diabetic subjects (24.1%) than in hypercholesterolemic nondiabetic subjects (15.3%). These data suggest that diabetic patients with the epsilon 4 allele may be more susceptible to hypercholesterolemia than diabetic patients without the epsilon 4 allele and possibly nondiabetic subjects with the epsilon 4 allele, although the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lowering effect of pantethine on plasma beta-thromboglobulin and lipids in diabetes mellitus.

Pantethine in a dosage of 600 mg for the first 3 months, and in a dosage of 1200 mg for the second 6 months was given to 16 diabetics in whom plasma beta-thromboglobulin was raised (greater than 50 ng/ml). Plasma beta-TG levels decreased significantly with pantethine treatment for 9 months. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, apo E and apo CII levels decreased significantly after 9 months. Plasma LDL-C and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio or apo B/apo AI ratio) tended to decrease with treatment. It is concluded that administration of pantethine may be beneficial in the prevention of diabetic angiopathy because of its lowering effect on plasma beta-TG, lipids and apolipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reciprocal effects of apolipoprotein E alleles (epsilon 2 and epsilon 4) on plasma lipid levels in normolipidemic subjects.

A significantly lower frequency of the epsilon 2 allele and a significantly higher frequency of the epsilon 3 allele were found in the normolipidemic Japanese population than those in the normolipidemic Caucasian populations. We have compared plasma lipid variables among the apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotype groups and estimated the average effects of the three common alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3 and epsilon 4) on plasma lipid levels in normolipidemic subjects. Plasma triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG, VLDL-cholesterol (C) and apo E levels were high in the apo E3/2 group, intermediate in the apo E3/3 group and low in the apo E4/3 group, whereas plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C levels were low in the apo E3/2 group, intermediate in the apo E3/3 group and high in the apo E4/3 group. Furthermore, the epsilon 2 allele had an effect to increase the TG, VLDL-TG, VLDL-C and apo E levels and decrease the TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels, whereas the epsilon 4 allele had an effect opposite to the epsilon 2 allele. These results indicate that the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles have the reciprocal effects on plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apo E levels.

Adult↗