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Biomedical subjects

M Eto

Publications and source records attributed to M Eto.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A racial difference in apolipoprotein E allele frequencies between the Japanese and Caucasian populations.

We have examined the apo E phenotype frequencies in the Japanese population (n = 576, 16-78 years of age). Apo E phenotypes were determined by the rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method that we previously reported. The apo E phenotype frequencies in the Japanese were 0.3% for E2/2, 6.1% for E3/2, 71.9% for E3/3, 0.7% for E4/2, 19.3% for E4/3 and 1.7% for E4/4. The apo E allele frequencies were 0.037, 0.846 and 0.117 for the epsilon 2, epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 alleles, respectively. These frequencies were compared with those in the Caucasian populations (n = 3033) reported by Sing & Davignon (1985). There was a significant difference in the apo E phenotype frequencies between the Japanese and Caucasian populations. In addition, a significantly lower frequency of the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles and a significantly higher frequency of the epsilon 3 allele were found in the Japanese than those reported for the Caucasian populations. It is concluded that there is a racial difference in the apo E allele frequencies between the Japanese and Caucasian populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Apolipoprotein E phenotypes and plasma lipids in young and middle-aged subjects.

The relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotypes and the levels of plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apo E in young (mean, 21 years of age) and middle-aged (mean, 49 years of age) subjects was investigated. Apo E phenotypes were determined by a rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method that we had developed previously. Young subjects with apo E3/2 and E4/3 had significantly higher levels of plasma triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG and VLDL-cholesterol than those with apo E3/3. Middle-aged subjects with apo E3/2 (54.5%) and E4/3 (39.1%) had higher frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia (mainly type IV) than those with apo E3/3 (25.8%). Furthermore, the middle-aged subjects with apo E3/2 had significantly higher levels of plasma TG, VLDL-TG and apo E, and significantly lower levels of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol than those with apo E3/3. These results indicate that apo E phenotype E3/2 and E4/3 are associated with lipid abnormalities even in young subjects, which may be caused by impaired functions of apo E2 and E4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and hyperlipemia in type II diabetics.

The relationship between apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and plasma lipids and hyperlipemia was investigated in 105 male type II diabetics and 111 male nondiabetics. ApoE phenotypes were determined by a one-dimensional rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method as described previously. The apoE phenotype frequency in diabetics was similar to that in nondiabetics. The frequency of hyperlipemia was higher in diabetics (56.2%) than in nondiabetics (32.4%). It was highest in the apoE3/2 group of diabetics and nondiabetics, followed by the apoE4/3 and apoE3/3 groups in the order described, indicating that the susceptibility to hyperlipemia differs among the apoE phenotype groups. ApoE3/2 diabetics had significantly higher levels of apoE and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (chol)/VLDL triglyceride (TG) ratios than apoE3/3 diabetics. The effects of diabetes mellitus on plasma lipid levels differed among the various apoE phenotype groups: i.e., plasma total chol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) chol increased only in apoE3/2 and apoE4/3 diabetics and plasma high-density lipoprotein chol decreased only in apoE3/3 diabetics, as compared with the corresponding apoE phenotype groups of nondiabetics, whereas plasma TG, VLDL TG, and VLDL chol increased in the three apoE phenotype diabetics. Furthermore, an increase of apoEII:apoEIII ratio was observed in apoE3/3 diabetics, particularly in those with hypertriglyceridemia. This study has also shown that the increased apoEII:apoEIII ratio is due to increased sialation of apoE based on the study of sialidase digestion of apo VLDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Structure-catalytic activity relationships of dicyclohexylcarboxamidine analogs in phosphorylation and alkylation of nucleosides by a two-step phosphorylating agent, 2-methylthio-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin 2-oxide (MTBO).

Adenosine borate complex was phosphorylated and o-hydroxybenzylated by 2-methylthio-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin 2-oxide (MTBO) in the presence of 4-morpholine-N,N'-dicyclohexylcarboxamidine (MDC) at first to give 1-(o-hydroxybenzyl)adenosine derivative followed by the rearrangement of the benzyl group to the N-6 amino group to give N6-(o-hydroxybenzyl)adenosine 5'-S-methyl phosphorothiolate. More than 20 analogs of MDC were examined for their catalytic activity in phosphorylation and o-hydroxybenzylation of ribonucleoside by MTBO. Dicyclohexylformamidine (DCF) and n-alkylamino analogs of MDC had no effect on the o-hydroxybenzylation of ribonucleoside by MTBO, but had great effect on the phosphorylation. Dialkylamino and cyclic imino analogs of MDC had high catalytic activities to the both reaction. The dicyclohexylcarboxamidine structure of MDC gave the catalytic ability for phosphorylation by MTBO, while the morpholine moiety had great effect on the selectivity of o-hydroxybenzylation by MTBO.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1985

A rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method for the determination of apolipoprotein E phenotypes and its application.

A rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method has been developed for the determination of apolipoprotein E phenotypes. Isoelectric focusing in 5% polyacrylamide flat gel with 8 mol/l urea and 2.8% pharmalyte (pH 4-6.5) was carried out at 3,000 V and 4 degrees C for 1 h under a constant power of 30 W. The separation of apolipoprotein E isoproteins was good and the isoelectric points were determined. Using this method, the apolipoprotein E phenotype frequency was examined in the Japanese population, and a higher frequency of phenotype E3/3 and a lower frequency of phenotype E3/2 were found in Japanese than those reported for the German, American or English population. In our focusing system the cut-off point of apolipoprotein E2/E3 ratio between the phenotype E3/3 and E3/2 was assumed to be approximately 0.9. These results indicate that this method may be useful for the determination of apolipoprotein E phenotypes.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1985

Insulin and glucagon response of the diabetic Chinese hamster in the Asahikawa colony.

The relationship between pancreatic hormone content and pattern of hormone release has not been completely elucidated because of heterogeneity in diabetes. Accordingly, this study was performed to establish the relationship, using spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters in the Asahikawa colony, a newly discovered experimental model resembling insulin-deficient diabetes in humans. As a result of investigations of insulin and glucagon responses to glucose or arginine in vivo and in vitro using isolated islets obtained by the collagenase procedure, a decreased insulin response and paradoxical glucagon response to glucose, and an excessive glucagon response to arginine were found in the diabetic animals. While the yield of isolated islets tended to decrease, a decreased pancreatic insulin content and increased pancreatic glucagon content were found as the diabetic state advanced. It may be suggested, therefore, that the relationship between pancreatic hormone content and pattern of hormone release in diabetic animals in the Asahikawa colony is based on the disruption of islets, disruption or dysfunction of B-cells and hyperplasia or hypertrophy of A-cells by some cause genetically determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[The effect of oral synthetic protease inhibitor (FOY 305) on endocrine pancreas and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats].

The effect of long-term oral synthetic protease inhibitor (FOY 305) administration on fasting blood sugar (FBS), body weight, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and glucagon levels, pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents, hepatic enzyme activities, and plasma lipids in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was studied. Normal rats treated with oral FOY 305 for 9 weeks were found to have pancreatic hypertrophy and decreased body weight gain as compared with the untreated normal controls. FBS, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and glucagon levels, pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents, and plasma lipids were uninfluenced in FOY 305 treated normal rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with oral FOY 305 were found to have decreased FBS for 5 weeks after the beginning of FOY 305 administration as compared with the untreated diabetic controls, whereas at the 7th and 9th week after treatment there was no difference in FBS between FOY 305 treated and untreated diabetic rats. In the metabolic balance observed at the 4th week after treatment, a slight improvement of the diabetic state was found in FOY 305 treated diabetic rats. There was no apparent difference in the blood sugar curve and insulin response following oral glucose load between diabetic rats treated for 7 weeks and untreated diabetic rats. All the rats were sacrificed after 9 weeks of treatment. Diabetic rats treated with oral FOY 305 for 9 weeks showed pancreatic hypertrophy and decreased plasma glucagon level and decreased pancreatic glucagon content as compared with the untreated diabetic controls, whereas there was no difference in body weight, plasma insulin level and pancreatic insulin content between FOY 305 treated and untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, oral FOY 305 treatment improved hyperlipidemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats and also significantly improved the hepatic pyruvate kinase and phosphoenlpyruvate carboxykinase activities of diabetic rats. These improvements might partly be due to a decreased pancreatic content and secretion of glucagon and/or a direct action of the synthetic PI, FOY 305 to tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Elevation of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters.

The aim of this study is to define the change of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters in the Asahikawa colony (CHA). These animals were divided into two groups according to fasting plasma glucose level; non-diabetic group and diabetic group. Plasma HDL-C was measured by a microliters-scale ultracentrifugal method using an RPL-42T rotor (Hitachi Koki Co.). The diabetic hamsters had hypoinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. Plasma HDL-C in the diabetic group was significantly elevated as compared with the non-diabetic group. A significant positive correlation was observed in both groups between plasma HDL-C and total cholesterol. The male hamsters tended to have higher plasma HDL-C and total cholesterol levels than the female hamsters in either group. Moreover, an electrophoretic analysis showed that there was some relative increase in plasma very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the diabetic hamsters. An ultracentrifugal analysis showed that plasma chylomicron appeared only in the diabetic hamsters. The heterogeneity of particle size of HDL was found by gradient gel electrophoresis. The apparent average molecular weight of HDL was approximately 265,000 in either group. It is concluded that plasma HDL-C increased with the advance of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in insulin-deficient diabetic hamsters and that there was sex difference in the hamsters for plasma HDL-C and total cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in obstetric and gynecological infection].

Sulbactam (SBT)/cefoperazone (CPZ) is the combined drug of SBT (beta-lactamase inhibitor) and CPZ by 1 to 1 to get spectrum covering much wider range than CPZ only. SBT/CPZ was used in 6 cases of female intrauterine and intrapelvic infections and 3 cases of external genital infections. The clinical efficiency was almost good excluding adnexitis. There were neither subjective and objective side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings.

Adult↗