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Biomedical subjects

M Etienne

Publications and source records attributed to M Etienne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of light regimen under various ambient temperatures on sow and litter performance.

Primiparous Large White females were exposed to one of two light regimens characterized by an increase (from 12 to 16 h/d, LONG treatment) or a decrease (from 12 to 8 h/d, SHORT treatment) in photoperiod during gestation. Two successive replicates were conducted, and farrowings occurred in January and July. During the last month of gestation, during lactation and after weaning, ambient temperatures varied between 18 and 25 degrees C and between 25 and 38 degrees C for the first and second replicates, respectively. Weaning occurred at 3 wk postpartum. Percentage of sows in estrus within 10 d after weaning was higher (P < .05) in the SHORT than in the LONG group for both replicates and when farrowing occurred in January compared with July for both photoperiod groups (SHORT-January: 92%, LONG-January: 53%, SHORT-July: 32%, LONG-July: 14%). Loss of live weight in sows during lactation was higher in July than in January and higher in the SHORT than in the LONG photoperiod (P < .05). Live weight of pigs at birth was higher in July than in January, whereas growth rate of pigs until weaning was higher in January (P < .05). Temperature may have a greater influence on sow and litter performance than photoperiod.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: detailed analysis of 132 patients.

With the world-wide use of laparoscopy, new applications have been found, particularly in the field of esophageal and gastric surgery. From January 1991 through April 1992, 132 patients underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The indication for laparoscopic intervention was symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) not responding to medical treatment. The preoperative assessment included esophagogastroscopy, barium meal, esophageal manometry, and, in selected cases, 24 h pH studies. There was no operative-related mortality. The overall morbidity was 7.5%. Ninety-eight patients were seen 3 months after surgery and evaluated for control of reflux symptoms. One patient complained of mild recurrence of reflux symptoms; however, endoscopic examination revealed no evidence of recurrent esophagitis. Three complained of occasional dysphagia and two, of mild dysphagia. One individual required reoperation for persistent, severe dysphagia. The excellent results observed so far with this procedure have led us to believe that laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is the procedure of choice for patients with intractable GERD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of administration of growth hormone-releasing factor to sows during late gestation on growth hormone secretion, reproductive traits, and performance of progeny from birth to 100 kilograms live weight.

The effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) injections to sows during late gestation were investigated in two experiments. In the first one, four treatments were applied to eight catheterized sows according to two 4 x 4 Latin squares: oral administration of 2 mg of pyridostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, per kilogram of BW (PYR group); i.m. injection of 50 micrograms of GHRF/kg BW (GHRF group); a combination of the pyridostigmine and GHRF treatments (PYR+GHRF); or i.m. injection of glucose (control). Pyridostigmine slightly increased the plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone responses to GHRF and PYR+GHRF treatments were similar, with significantly elevated GH concentrations from 5 to 240 min after GHRF injection. In the second experiment, 36 sows were allocated to two treatments at 102 d of gestation. Until farrowing, they were injected twice daily with 50 micrograms of GHRF/kg BW (GHRF group) or isotonic glucose (control). The DM, N, fat, and energy content of 24 pigs per group was determined at weaning at 22 d. Six pigs per litter had ad libitum access to feed until slaughter at 100 kg BW and their carcasses were evaluated. Treatment with GHRF increased pregnancy duration (114.8 vs 113.6 d, P less than .05), weight of pigs at 13 d (3.69 vs 3.54 kg, P less than .05) and at weaning (5.74 vs 5.48 kg, P less than .05), and improved pig survival (86 vs 71%, P less than .05). Lipid (on a DM basis) and energy contents of the pigs slaughtered at weaning were significantly higher in the GHRF group than in the control group (14.4 vs 12.5% and 2,178 vs 2,029 kcal/kg, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration on plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone (GH) in chronically catheterized suckling piglets.

The purpose of the present study was to determine experimental conditions to stimulate secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injections in suckling piglets during the first weeks of postnatal life. Three consecutive experiments were conducted. Four 10-20 d old piglets were i.m. injected with 0, 20, 100, 500 micrograms (experiment 1) or 0, 4, 20, 100 micrograms TRH/kg BW (experiment 2) according to a 4 X 4 latin square design involving different litters in each experiment. Blood samples were taken -15, -1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 180 and 300 min after TRH injection in experiment 1, and -.25, -.08, .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hr after TRH injection in experiment 2. T3 and T4 levels were significantly (P less than .01) increased as soon as 30 and 45 min after TRH injection, respectively. Maximal levels of T3 and T4 were obtained 2 and 4 hr after the injection of 100 micrograms TRH. T3 and T4 returned to basal levels within 6 and 8 hr post injection, respectively. Plasma pGH levels were significantly (P less than .001) increased 15 min after TRH injection in piglets injected with 500 micrograms. In experiment 3, 100 micrograms TRH/kg BW were injected i.m. either daily or every other day from 10 to 23 days of age. Results showed that T4 response to TRH did not decrease after repeated injections. These results indicate that daily i.m. injections of 100 micrograms TRH/kg BW can be used to increase thyroid hormone levels for at least 13 d in the young suckling piglet.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Energy utilization in pregnant and lactating sows: modeling of energy requirements.

Data on energy metabolism and body composition changes of the pregnant and lactating sow have been considered in order to propose methods for determination of energy requirements according to a factorial approach. Daily requirements for maintenance at thermoneutrality amounts to about 105 and 110 kcal ME/kg BW.75 in pregnant and lactating sows, respectively. During pregnancy, maintenance represents 75 to 85% of the total requirements and is affected greatly by environmental temperature and activity of the animals. Requirements for total uterine gain are low, but they increase with advancement of pregnancy. In addition, the daily ME requirements during pregnancy depend on the amount and composition of maternal weight gain and on the previous lactation body weight loss. The factorial approach indicates clearly that daily ME recommendation in pregnant sows varies from 6 to more than 10 Mcal and must be adapted to each sow within a herd. A method for prediction of ME requirements in lactating sows that considers a relatively precise estimate of energy output in milk is proposed. Results indicate that daily ME requirements are particularly high (15 to more than 20 Mcal) and generally are not met by voluntary feed intake. Emphasis also has been given to prediction of body composition changes that occur over the reproductive life of the sow. Data from the factorial approach allow for optimization of sow energy nutrition to ensure a normal evolution of body weight changes and to avoid major changes in body weight and composition. However, no available data demonstrate whether such a strategy is concomitant with optimal lifetime reproductive performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Estimation of sow milk nutrient output.

Ten replicates of two littermate gilts were used during a 21-d lactation in order to calculate relationships between milk nutrient intake and piglet growth rate and composition of gain. Gilts were fed 14.2 or 10.4 Mcal ME/d and litter size was standardized to 9 or 10 piglets. Piglets had no access to creep feed. Milk production was measured on 10 sucklings over 12 h on d 1, 5, 9, 13, 17 and 21 by the weigh-suckle-weigh method. Heat production of the piglets was measured (RQ method) on the same days in a confinement chamber. Milk composition was determined on the days following milk production measurements. Four to ten piglets/litter were slaughtered at weaning and their body composition was determined. Milk nutrient production during part of lactation was related closely to piglet weight gain and body weight (R2 = .80 to .96). Milk DM, energy and N output over the entire lactation were predicted from piglet ADG (R2 = .87 to .90) when, for each litter, the difference between energy in piglet daily weight gain measured by the slaughter technique and energy in piglet daily weight gain estimated by the RQ method was included in the model. This variable corrects for milk production measurement errors. The relationships were slightly improved, especially for energy output, when the composition of piglet weight gain was taken into account (R2 = .93 to .97).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The role of amino acid decarboxylase in the stimulation of gastrin release in man.

As amino acid-induced gastrin release is dependent on amino acid decarboxylase activity in rat, we examined the gastrin response to intragastric phenylalanine before and after treatment with carbidopa in 12 healthy male volunteers; carbidopa is an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation. Our results showed no significant difference between the pre- and postcarbidopa periods in the same subjects, suggesting that decarboxylation is not a necessary step for amino acids to stimulate G-cells in man. However, carbidopa seems to have an inhibitory effect on gastrin release, independently of its action on decarboxylase activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment with cisapride of the gastrointestinal and urological sequelae of spinal cord transection: case report.

We describe the case of a paraplegic patient who suffered traumatic spinal cord injury at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Within a short period of time following the injury, urinary (neuropathic bladder) and gastrointestinal (atomic colon) sequelae arose. Treatment with Cisapride (R 51 619, Janssen Pharmaceutica) was undertaken in an attempt to increase colonic motility and to reduce urinary retention. These goals were reached rapidly with a dose of 10 mg q.i.d.; the effect has been maintained for at least 18 months since starting the therapy.

Bisacodyl↗
PubMed1987

Effects of age and live weight on the sexual development of gilts and boars fed two planes of nutrition.

The aim of the present study was to determine the respective influences of age and live weight on the sexual development of boars and gilts. The Large White animals used were fed on a liberal plane of nutrition close to ad libitum (CTRL group) or restricted on a live weight basis (SA and SW groups). CTRL and SW pigs were slaughtered and their genital tracts examined at 125 kg of live weight; those in the SA group were slaughtered and examined at the same age as their CTRL littermates. Control and SA boars and gilts were about 180 and 200 days old, respectively, while SW boars and gilts were about 240 and 260 days old, respectively. The SA group pigs weighed about 90 kg. Testis weight was influenced by live weight but not by age, while epididymis and seminal vesicle weights and bulbourethral gland weight and length were dependent on both age and live weight. Age had a significant influence on puberty attainment in gilts while live weight had nearly no effect. Percentages of cyclic gilts in the CTRL, SW and SA groups were 32, 79 and 20, respectively. Ovarian weight was mainly dependent on live weight in cyclic as well as in prepuberal gilts. In the latter animals, the weight and length of uterine horns and cervix were influenced by both age and live weight, whereas in cyclic gilts the only obvious effect was that of age on uterine horn weight. Season of birth (autumn vs spring) had no effect on the puberty attainment of gilts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets.

The oxygen (O2) consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, heat production (HP) and milk nutrient intake of 22 litters of suckling piglets were recorded every 4 days from the day after birth to weaning at 22 days of age. At weaning, 147 representative piglets of these litters were slaughtered to measure their chemical composition and to calculate the energy and nutrient balance of individual piglets and litters between birth and weaning. O2 consumption, CO2 production and HP were constant over the suckling period when expressed per kg of body weight0.68 (BW0.68); O2 consumption and HP averaged 34.4 liters and 168 kcal per kg of BW0.68 and per day, respectively. The respiratory quotient (RQ) (CO2/O2) was 0.84. Average daily gain between birth and weaning (ADG) ranged from 35 to 285 g (mean: 186 g). Dry matter, fat and energy contents of piglets at weaning were positively correlated with ADG while protein and ash contents were negatively correlated with ADG. The daily amounts of protein, fat, ash and energy deposited were linearly related to ADG, so that the chemical composition of additional gain was constant: 410, 141, 197 and 28 mg/g and 2,960 cal/g for dry matter, protein, fat, ash and energy, respectively. The deposition of 1 g of protein or fat was associated with 5.20 or 1.17 g of weight gain, respectively. Finally, 55% of the energy and 85% of the nitrogen supplied by milk were retained in piglet weight gain.

Aging↗