Salicylate-induced foetal hemorrhage in two mouse strains.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Eriksson
Publications and source records attributed to M Eriksson.
Premature birth induced in mice by salicylate.
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Animals↗
Salicylate-induced fetal death and malformations in two mouse strains.
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Excimer fluorescence of (+)-anti-benzo (a)pyrene diol epoxide covalently bound to poly(dG-dC): structural implications.
Fluorescence of (+)-anti-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide [(+)-anti-BPDE] covalently bound to poly(dG-dC) has been studied with steady-state and time-resolved techniques. Extensive formation of excimers is found, even at small (0.008) BPDE/nucleotide ratios. This indicates favored covalent binding to bases close to already modified guanines. Both fluorescence excitation spectra and lifetime measurements reveal two populations of (+)-anti-BPDE adducts: one that can form excimers and one that cannot. Three excimer lifetimes (4.5, 29, and 83 ns) are observed. Differently shifted monomer and excimer excitation spectra are discussed in terms of pyrene-pyrene exciton interactions, consistent with a distance shorter than 7 A between the excimer-forming BPDE chromophores.
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗
Transient, asymptomatic colonisation of newborn, Ethiopian infants by Salmonella.
We performed faecal cultures from 71 Addis Ababa infants. Salmonella spp. were found in 12 of 61 hospitalised infants. None had diarrhoea. Colonisation was most common (8/21) during the second week of life. There was no correlation to mode of delivery, breast feeding, type of ward or antibiotic treatment in this small sample.
Ethiopia↗
Monoamine precursors, transmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in healthy male subjects.
In order to elucidate methodological aspects of CSF investigations, 14 healthy male subjects were lumbar-punctured at the L4-5 level following a standardised procedure. CSF concentrations of precursors, transmitters and transmitter metabolites were used as dependent variables, while age, height, body weight, atmospheric pressure and some other factors served as independent variables. 5-HIAA and HVA (but not HMPG) have pronounced concentration gradients. We also found CSF gradients for the precursors tryptophan and tyrosine, as well as for serotonin, dopamine and the dopamine metabolite DOPAC. Dopamine and atmospheric pressure showed a positive intercorrelation. Age correlated curvilinearly (convex upward) with tryptophan but showed a negatively directed linear correlation with serotonin. Serotonin and 5-HIAA showed no intercorrelation. Our results suggest an age-dependent disposition of tryptophan in the CSF. The absence of a correlation between serotonin and 5-HIAA might be inconsistent with the notion that 5-HIAA is a marker of central serotonin turnover. The comparatively high body weight of our volunteers might explain the lack of a gradient for HMPG.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Venous macrothromboembolism in an unselected autopsy material and its relation to antiplasmin activity in the vessel wall.
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Aging↗
Increased levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and oxytocin during suckling in lactating dogs.
The aim of the present study was to investigate how suckling influences the plasma levels of oxytocin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in lactating dogs. Blood-samples were drawn from ten lactating beagles during suckling, in week one and week three of the five week long lactation period and the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide and oxytocin were determined by radioimmunoassay. The immunoreactive levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide and oxytocin (below referred to VIP and oxytocin) increased rapidly in response to the suckling stimulus. The rise of both peptides was significant at both suckling experiments. The origin and role of suckling-released oxytocin is well established. The origin of and function of the VIP released in response to suckling remains unknown.
Animals↗
Use of khat in lactating women: a pilot study on breast-milk secretion.
Nor-pseudoephedrine, one of the active ingredients of khat (Catha edulis), was found to be excreted in breast-milk in several lactating women who were chewing the leaves of the shrub according to the local customs. The compound could be traced in the urine of one breast-fed infant. It is concluded that the use of khat during lactation should be discouraged until further research has clearly elucidated the potential health hazards.
Catha↗
Delivery outcome of women working in laboratories during pregnancy.
By record-linkage of the 1975 Swedish census and the Medical Birth Register of infants born in 1976, 1,161 infants were identified who were born to women coded as laboratory workers in the census. These infants were compared to all 98,354 infants born in Sweden in 1976. There was a higher than expected number of infants who died neonatally and/or had congenital malformations. Twenty-six singleton infants who either died or had serious malformations were selected for further study. To each of the cases, 2 controls were selected among the 1,161 infants. A questionnaire was sent to the 26 cases and 50 controls (2 cases had only 1 control each) asking about work during pregnancy. No specific type of laboratory work was found to be more common among the cases than controls.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Alcoholics with the dopamine receptor DRD2 A1 allele have lower platelet monoamine oxidase-B activity than those with the A2 allele: a preliminary study.
Low platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity and the presence of the Taq1 A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene have independently been proposed as 'biological/genetic' markers for alcoholism. In the present study, the relationship between these two markers was investigated in a group of socially stable Caucasian middle-aged men with a mean (+/-SD) daily ethanol consumption of 85 +/- 57 g. The platelet MAO-B activity was significantly lower in individuals with the DRD2 A1 allele (n = 8), compared to those without it (n = 29). This relationship remained unchanged when including only subjects who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence (n = 27). The finding suggests that alcoholics who are carriers of the DRD2 A1 allele may have lower platelet MAO-B activity.
Adult↗
Myocarditis in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adults is often associated with extracolonic manifestations in other organs, such as the joints, skin, and liver. Cardiac manifestations are considered to be very rare; in a recent survey of the literature we found only 23 cases, most of them in adults. Several extensive reviews and standard textbooks of IBD do not even mention perimyocarditis as a complication. During the past 10 years we have treated 106 patients with IBD in the Department of Pediatrics at St. Göran's Children's Hospital. Of these patients, two adolescent boys developed myocarditis as an extracolonic manifestation. In reporting these two cases, we wish to point out that cardiac involvement occurs in children and we also wish to show that the prognosis is usually good. Another interesting feature was that both of these boys developed myocarditis at a time when one of them had only minor gastrointestinal symptoms and the other had not yet been diagnosed as having IBD.
Adult↗
Fecal bacterial microflora of newborn infants during intensive care management and treatment with five antibiotic regimens.
Aerobic and anaerobic fecal bacterial flora of normal newborn infants, of preterm newborn infants without other health problems and of five groups of newborn infants treated with combinations of benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin and gentamicin were compared. Preterm birth alone was associated with growth of Klebsiella which could be attributed to a higher rate of cesarean section in preterm than in term infants. All antibiotic regimens led to a pronounced suppression of anaerobic flora and overgrowth of Klebsiella but not with other gram-negative aerobic bacteria. A slight colonization with Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens occurred. Disturbances of the intestinal microbial ecology can be expected in newborn infants after preterm birth by cesarean section and/or treatment with antibiotics, including some penicillins that are usually regarded as relatively harmless in this respect in adults.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Metabolism of lipoprotein remnants in humans. Studies during intestinal infusion of fat and cholesterol in subjects with varying expression of the low density lipoprotein receptor.
To study the possible importance of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in regulating the degree of postprandial lipemia, a cholesterol-rich fat emulsion was infused into the duodenum of subjects who were divided into four groups based on the expected variation in the expression of the LDL receptor: young men (n = 11), elderly men (n = 7), male patients on estrogen therapy (n = 5), and patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (n = 9). In familial hypercholesterolemia, fasting plasma levels of lipoproteins of d less than 1.006 g/ml, intermediate density lipoproteins, and LDLs were increased. During the fat infusion, the cholesterol and triglyceride contents in the d less than 1.006 g/ml fraction increased to a similar extent in all groups, whereas a concomitant reduction of LDL cholesterol levels was observed. The degree of the decrease in LDL cholesterol was positively correlated with the observed increase in triglycerides in the d less than 1.006 g/ml fraction. There were no signs of accumulation of intermediate density lipoproteins during infusion in any of the groups studied. The results indicate that the capacity for clearance of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants is not affected by variation in LDL receptor expression.
Adult↗
Comparison of headspace techniques for sampling volatile natural products in a dynamic system.
Commonly used dynamic sorption techniques for collecting biologically active volatile compounds have been compared. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) using two types of fibers (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS, 100 microm, and carbowax/divinylbenzene, CW/DVB, 65 microm) was compared to purge and trap methods (Porapak Q, Tenax TA and charcoal) and a technique based on absorption in methanol in a cooling bath. Sampling was done in a stream of purified air (20 ml/min) in a closed and temperature-regulated (27 degrees C) glass tube, passing over a capillary tube containing a hexane solution of tridecane, heptadecane, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-hexadecanol, ethyl tetradecanoate, alpha-pinene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, cis-verbenol, verbenone, beta-caryophyllene, E,E-farnesol, and geranylgeraniol. With all of the methods, the sampling was performed for a period of 30 min before extraction and analysis was done on a GC-FID system. In general, SPME gave a higher response for all compounds except for alpha-pinene, which was only extracted by the CW/DVB fiber. Purge and trap methods and methanol absorption gave the same response for all substances extracted. None of the methods extracted hexadecanol and geranylgeraniol under the conditions used. However, the SPME equipped with the PDMS coating extracted heptadecane, E,E-farnesol and ethyl tetradecanoate. Our results show that SPME, when selecting the fibers to fit the polarity and volatility of the compounds, is an outstanding extraction method compared to purge and trap and methanol absorption, especially for a qualitative analysis. The best conditions for storing fibers exposed to compounds of high volatility were at low temperatures (6 degrees C) in sealed vials, while the worst way was to leave the exposed fiber unprotected at room temperature (22 degrees C). The dynamic sampling system was effectively tested on a fruiting body of a polypore fungus (Ganoderma applanatum) emitting 1-octen-3-ol, and again SPME showed to be the most sensitive technique.
Biological Products↗
Increased cancer incidence in physicians, dentists, and health care workers.
Some earlier reports have indicated increased incidence or mortality of specific tumor types in various health care professions. In this study we have evaluated cancer incidence in physicians, dentists, and other health care workers using the Swedish Cancer Environment Register (CER), which was formed by record-linkage between the 1970 census on current occupation and Cancer Register incidence data in 1971-84. In all three profession categories studied an increased risk was found, as well for all malignant tumors combined, as for specific tumor types regarding the different occupations. Possible etiological factors responsible for these risks are discussed.
Allied Health Personnel↗
Occupational exposures as risk factors for oral cancer evaluated in a Swedish case-control study.
In a case-control study with 410 cases and 410 matched controls from the period 1980-1989 we investigated the role of occupations and occupational exposures as risk factors for squamous cell oral cancer. All subjects received a questionnaire. The response rates were 96% and 91% for cases and controls, respectively. A significantly increased risk was found for pulp industry workers, odds ratio (OR) 4.0 and wood or product workers, OR 5.5. Exposure to chemicals such as phenoxyacetic acids yielded an OR of 1.7. The positive findings in this study may be explained by exposure to chemicals, but need to be verified in further studies.
Aged↗
Neonatal hematogenous osteomyelitis: risk factors for long-term sequelae.
The findings in 40 infants with neonatal osteomyelitis were examined to evaluate factors that may predict the development of sequelae. On follow-up at 1-11 years of age, 16 children were found to have moderate (six) and severe (10) sequelae. Thirteen of these 16 children were among the 21 infants who had perinatal risk factors. On the other hand, there were only three handicapped infants in the group of 19 who had no risk factors. The high-risk infants were, on the average, younger at onset of osteomyelitis than the previously healthy babies. No differences were found between those two groups that could be ascribed to the causative organisms. Fifty-five osteomyelitic sites involving the large joints were diagnosed. Growth disturbance was evident in 20 of 36 nonoperated foci and four of 19 operated foci. To achieve the best result, the joint and abscess should be drained, and this should be supplemented by drainage of the metaphysis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗