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Biomedical subjects

M Endoh

Publications and source records attributed to M Endoh.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A case of IgA nephropathy associated with marked hematuria after upper respiratory tract infections.

IgA nephropathy is characterized by recurrent hematuria which is occasionally associated with upper respiratory infections. Since serial follow-up of IgA nephropathy has not been reported, a 43 year old patient who showed a typical course of this disease is described. Hematuria was markedly increased each time after upper respiratory infections. Renal biopsy revealed typical features of IgA nephropathy by light and immunofluorescent microscopy. Marked hematuria subsided after administration of antibiotics. Upper respiratory tract infections might be a risk factor in some patients with IgA nephropathy. In some patients upper respiratory tract infections may exacerbate IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Positive inotropic effect of amrinone in relation to cyclic nucleotide metabolism in the canine ventricular muscle.

Experiments were carried out in the canine isolated right ventricular muscle in order to study the positive inotropic effect of amrinone in relation to the cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP metabolism. The positive inotropic effect of amrinone was accompanied by accumulation of cyclic AMP in the tissue: the cyclic AMP level was elevated in a similar time course to that of the increase in force of contraction and in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of a beta adrenoceptor blocking agent, pindolol (3 X 10(-8) M). An excellent correlation was found between the force of contraction and cyclic AMP level in the presence of amrinone: the relationship was similar to that obtained previously with papaverine, a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The cyclic GMP level determined simultaneously was not changed by amrinone. The amrinone-induced increases in force of contraction and cyclic AMP level were markedly depressed by carbachol (3 X 10(-6) M); the relationship between the force of contraction and cyclic AMP level in the presence of amrinone was not changed by carbachol. Amrinone inhibited the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase purified from the canine right ventricular muscle and enhanced the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol. Amrinone shortened the time required for relaxation of a single contraction to the same extent as isoproterenol and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and papaverine. These results altogether strongly suggest that the change in cyclic AMP metabolism is involved in the positive inotropic effect of amrinone on the canine ventricular muscle.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1982

Detection of polymeric IgA in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy.

A study on the detection of polymeric IgA in glomeruli from renal biopsy specimens in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy. These specimens were stained with FITC-labelled anti-human J chain antisera and then examined with a fluorescent microscope. The J chain was observed in the glomerular mesangium by immunofluorescent staining. In parallel studies, renal biopsy specimens were treated with citrate buffer (pH 3.2) and the 'eluate' was neutralized by sodium hydroxide. The eluate was labelled with iodine-125, and the radiolabelled 'eluate' was fractionated by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Polymerized IgA in the 'eluate' obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy was found to sediment predominantly as 9S to 11S using a sucrose density gradient analysis. Polymeric IgA in the fractions of the density gradient analysis was determined by anti-human IgA and anti-human J chain antisera. It was demonstrated that IgA and J chain were eluted from the glomeruli in some patients with IgA nephropathy. It is concluded that IgA deposited in the glomeruli is composed of dimers and/or larger polymers of circulating IgA in some patients with IgA nephropathy.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of IgAl deposits in Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) nephritis.

A study on the detection of IgA1, IgA2 and the J("joining") chain in glomeruli from renal biopsy specimens in patients with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) nephritis is described. Renal biopsy specimens from five patients with HSP nephritis were stained with FITC-labelled anti-human IgA1, IgA2 and J chain, and then examined with a fluorescent microscope. IgA1 was detected in glomeruli from all patients with HSP nephritis examined in this study. IgA2 was not observed in any patients. These findings were similar to those for IgA nephropathy reported previously. Histopathological findings of glomeruli in HSP nephritis were almost identical to those in IgA nephropathy. The levels of serum IgA in patients with HSP nephritis increased as observed in IgA nephropathy. It is suggested that there are some immunopathological similarities between HSP nephritis and IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A case report of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis associated with a postbulbar duodenal ulcer.

We experienced an adult patient with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) nephritis associated with a postbulbar duodenal ulcer. Chronic inflammatory changes of the arterioles (i.e. vasculitis) in the kidney and skin were prominently observed by immunofluorescence and light microscopic analysis. It is postulated that a postbulbar duodenal ulcer occurred in this patient and was mediated by vascular deposition of circulating immune complexes. It was suggested that HSP nephritis is a diffuse vascular form of IgA nephropathy.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1982

Impaired granulocyte function in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by granulocytes were examined in diabetic patients. There was no significant difference in the phagocytic activity of granulocytes between control and diabetic-subjects. However, intracellular killing by granulocytes was significantly reduced in insulin-treated diabetic patients compared with control subjects. No significant difference was observed between controls and diet-treated diabetic patients. It is suggested that decreased activity of intracellular killing of bacteria in granulocytes is one of the mechanisms of increased susceptibility to infection in patients with advanced stages of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of the staining conditions of immunofluorescence in primary glomerulonephritis.

A study of the evaluation of various staining conditions of immunofluorescence in renal biopsy specimens is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 52 patients with various types of primary glomerulonephritis, and stained with fluorescein-conjugated anti-human IgG, IgA, or IgM antisera under various staining conditions. The results indicated that IgM was more prominently stained at 4 degrees C overnight than at 37 degrees C or room temperature by the immunofluorescent staining. Both IgG and IgA did not show any differences in the pattern of staining under different conditions. It is suggested that the different staining conditions of immunofluorescence in patients with glomerulonephritis is useful for the evaluation of the classes of immunoglobulins deposited in the glomeruli.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1981

Deposition of IgA-dominant immune-complexes in muscular vessels from patients with IgA nephropathy.

The emergence of immunoglobulin depositions in muscular vessels from patients with IgA nephropathy was examined to determine whether the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy was mediated by circulating IgA-dominant immune-complexes. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from the right flank at the same time of modified open renal biopsy. These biopsy samples were stained with fluorescein-conjugated anti human IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and C3 antisera. It was demonstrated that the depositions of IgA and/or C3 were observed in muscular vessels from some patients with IgA nephropathy. It is indicated that IgA nephropathy might be mediated by circulating IgA-dominant immune-complexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Differential responses to carbachol, sodium nitroprusside and 8-bromo-guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate of canine atrial and ventricular muscle.

1 The relation between force of contraction and cyclic nucleotide levels during muscarinic receptor stimulation, and after administration of sodium nitroprusside was assessed in canine isolated atrial and ventricular muscle.2 The pD(2) value (negative logarithm of ED(50)) for carbachol to decrease force of atrial contraction was similar to that required to inhibit adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-mediated positive inotropic responses in ventricular muscle.3 The cyclic AMP level of atrial muscle did not significantly change during carbachol-induced negative inotropic action, whilst the guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) level was elevated immediately after administration.4 Sodium nitroprusside elevated cyclic GMP levels (without changing cyclic AMP levels) both in atrial and ventricular muscle. The force of atrial contraction was significantly reduced by the drug, whilst ventricular contractile force was unaffected.5 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP markedly decreased contractile force in atrial muscle. In contrast, similar concentrations of 8-bromo-cyclic GMP had no effect on ventricular contractile force.6 The positive inotropic action of phenylephrine on canine cardiac muscle, which is mediated through beta-adrenoceptors, was unaffected either by sodium nitroprusside or by 8-bromo-cyclic GMP.7 The present results suggest that the effect of muscarinic receptor stimulation in canine atrial and ventricular muscle is related to different changes in intracellular cyclic nucleotide metabolism. The direct myocardial depressant action on atrial muscle seems to be related to an elevation of cyclic GMP level, whilst a reduction of cyclic AMP may be responsible for the indirect action (;accentuated antagonism') in both atrial and ventricular muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Activation of complement by renal tissues from patients with IgA nephropathy.

In a study of complement activation by renal tissues, renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. These specimens were incubated with freshly frozen guinea-pig serum, and the activation of guinea-pig complement systems was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining with FITC-conjugated anti-guinea-pig complement antisera. It was shown that the alternative pathway of the complement was activated in situ in renal tissues from patients with IgA nephropathy. it is suggested that analysis of in situ activation of complement in such patients is useful for elucidating the mechanism of complement activation in various glomerular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Aldosterone-producing microadenoma in a patient with primary aldosteronism.

A 54-year-old patient was found to have an aldosterone-producing microadenoma measuring 2.5 mm in diameter. Although adrenal venography by selective catheterization had failed to demonstrate the tumour, adrenal scintiscan using 131I-19-iodocholesterol accurately localized the functional tumour in the right adrenal gland; a dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintiscan revealed complete suppression of radioactivity in the right adrenal gland. These findings suggest that adrenal scintiscan, together with adrenal vein blood analysis, is capable of detecting a small adenoma before surgery, and that dexamethasone suppression of an adrenal scintiscan does not exclude an adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Twitch potentiation by rest in canine ventricular muscle: effects of theophylline.

Short rest of the regular stimulation of the isolated canine right ventricular muscle induced a large transient increase of subsequent twitch tension (rest-twitch potentiation, RTP). This RTP attained the maximum level when the rest period was 120 s and decayed progressively at longer rest periods. The rate of regular stimulation prior to rest affected the degree of RTP but not the time course of RTP. The action potential duration was prolonged progressively after rest until 120 s and maintained this level at longer rest periods. Under the same experimental condition, RTP was not induced in the rabbit papillary muscle. Theophylline, caffeine, and epinephrine increased the strength of steady-state contraction, whereas RTP was inhibited by theophylline and caffeine and unaffected by epinephrine. Manganese and D 600 significantly reduced the strength of steady-state contraction but did not affect the degree of RTP. These results indicate that RTP is induced via a mechanism different from that regulating the steady-state contraction.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1981

Deposition of C4-binding protein and beta 1H globulin in kidneys of patients with IgA nephropathy.

A study on the deposition of complement control proteins in renal tissues from patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. These biopsy samples were stained with antisera to human C4-binding protein and beta 1H globulin by indirect immunofluorescent staining. It was shown that the complement system is activated in IgA nephropathy via the both alternative and classical pathways.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1981

IgA-specific helper activity of T alpha cells in human peripheral blood.

A subpopulation of human T lymphocytes that express receptors of immunoglobulin A (T alpha cells) was separated by a FACS using FITC-conjugated human IgA myeloma protein in order to determine whether they have helper activity for in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in comparison with a T alpha cell population separated by rosette formation using PTN-ORBC conjugated with MOPC-315 mouse IgA myeloma protein. FACS-separated T alpha cells have IgA specific helper activity, whereas rosette-separated T alpha cells have polyclonal helper activity for in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in PWM-stimulated B cells. The polyclonal helper activity observed in rosette-separated T alpha cells might be due to contamination of non-T alpha cells in the T alpha cell fraction. It is concluded that purified T alpha cells in normal human peripheral blood show IgA-specific helper activity in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

IgA nephropathy associated with myasthenia gravis and scleritis.

A 29-year-old male patient with IgA nephropathy developed scleritis and myasthenia gravis during the follow-up period. No lymphocytic infiltration or atrophy in muscle fibers was observed in muscle biopsy specimens. However, an immunofluorescent study on the same specimens showed deposits of immunoglobulin A in muscular vessels. The development of scleritis and myasthenia gravis in a patient with IgA nephropathy suggests a common immunologic basis for these disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immunofluorescent studies on acute phase reactants in patients with various types of chronic glomerulonephritis.

A study on immunofluorescent staining of so-called "acute phase reactants" (haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 1-antitypsin) and beta-lipoprotein in patients with various types of chronic glomerulonephritis is described. Eight patients with IgA nephropathy, eleven patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis, six patients with benign recurrent hematuria, four patients with membranous nephropathy and one patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSP nephritis) were examined. Deposition of haptoglobin was observed in patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis, and that of beta-lipoprotein was observed in various types of chronic glomerulonephritis. There was a significant correlation between the degree of deposition of haptoglobin and that of hematuria in patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis. It is suggested that deposition of haptoglobin and beta-lipoprotein may be related to "hemolysis" in glomeruli and increased permeability of glomerular capillary walls in kidneys with various types of chronic glomerulonephritis.

Chronic Disease↗