[Mechanism of positive inotropic action of catecholamines].
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3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
Biomedical subjects
M Endoh
Publications and source records attributed to M Endoh.
A case of Fabry's disease.
A case of Fabry's disease in a 22-year-old male patient who had mild proteinuria and dark-red eruptions is reported. He had been treated as a case of a so-called "chronic glomerulonephritis" for one year. However, histopathological findings of the renal biopsy specimens showed the presence of numerous vacuolated cells in the glomeruli. These vacuolated cells contained numerous electron dense bodies observed by electron microscopy. Skin lesions of this patient were consistent with those of angiokeratoma corporis. The levels of serum alpha-galactosidase were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. The mother of this patient also showed decreased levels of serum alpha-galactosidase. The pedigree of this patient showed a familial history of various types of renal diseases. It was postulated that Fabry's disease occurring in older patients has a worse clinical course. it is concluded that early detection of this disease through biopsy and the assay of serum alpha-galactosidase levels is important in managing the future course of patients with Fabry's disease.
Adult↗
Hepatic glomerulosclerosis with IgA deposition. Report of three cases.
Hepatic glomerulosclerosis is characterized by depositions of IgA in mesangial areas of glomeruli similar to those found in primary IgA nephropathy. The mechanism of IgA deposition is presently obscure. We have attempted to elucidate histopathological changes of IgA deposition in such patients. Three cirrhotic patients who had abnormal urinalysis underwent renal biopsy in Tokai University Hospital. Renal biopsy specimens obtained from these three patients showed IgA measangial deposition on immunofluorescence staining, and various histopathological changes on light microscopy. It is suggested that these variable renal changes in patients with hepatic cirrhosis may be related to the alteration of the handling of immune complexes in injured liver.
Biopsy↗
A case of granulomatous renal sarcoidosis with a dramatic response to corticosteroid and urokinase therapy.
A case of renal granulomatous sarcoidosis that presented with chronic renal failure (CRF) is described. Renal biopsy specimens revealed typical features of sarcoidosis in light microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy examinations. The absence of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) was a distinctly unusual feature of sarcoidosis although uveitis and rectal granuloma were observed during the clinical course. A dramatic response occurred on corticosteroid and urokinase therapy, characterized by a fall of serum creatinine levels.
Adult↗
Cross-reactivity of IgA antibodies between renal mesangial areas and nuclei of tonsillar cells in patients with IgA nephropathy.
A study on autoradiographical analysis of antigenic sites in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy. These specimens were treated with citrate buffer (pH 3.2) and the 'eluate' was neutralized by sodium hydroxide. The 'eluate' was labelled with 125iodine by the chloramine-T method. 125I-labelled eluate was then applied to the tonsillar cells obtained from the same and other patients with IgA nephropathy as well as to those with other glomerular diseases. The tonsillar cells were dipped into the emulsion (NBT-2) and then examined with a light microscope. It was demonstrated that the antibodies eluted from renal tissues of patients with IgA nephropathy specificially bound with the nuclear regions of tonsillar cells. The binding of eluted antibodies and tonsillar cells was completely inhibited by the addition of anti-human IgA antisera, but not inhibited by human IgA myeloma proteins. The eluted antibodies bound with tonsillar cells from the same patients, but only 10% of them bound with the tonsillar cells obtained from other patients with IgA nephropathy. It is concluded that IgA antibodies deposited in glomeruli specifically bind with tonsillar cells obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and these antibodies show some heterogeneity among those patients.
Adult↗
Somatostatin immunoreactive C cells in thyroid glands from various mammalian species.
The relative distribution of somatostatin- and calcitonin-containing cells in thyroid glands from various mammalian species was investigated by immunoperoxidase staining, and the concentration of immunoreactive somatostatin by radioimmunoassay. In the thyroid glands of guinea pigs and rabbits, most of the calcitonin cells were also immunoreactive to the somatostatin antiserum, and high concentration of immunoreactive somatostatin was obtained. On the other hand, in the thyroids of other animal species--rats, dogs, pigs, cows, goats, cats, monkeys, mice, and hamsters--only a few C cells revealed the immunoreaction for somatostatin, and the concentration of somatostatin was low. In all animal species studied, the somatostatin was present in the same cells that contain calcitonin, though in guinea pigs and rats there were some C cells containing a large number of reaction products for somatostatin but very few for calcitonin. Thus, it was concluded that there was a considerable variation in somatostatin immunoreactivity of thyroid C cells from species to species.
Animals↗
alpha-Adrenoceptors mediating the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine in the right ventricular muscle of the monkey (Macaca fuscata).
The property of adrenoceptors mediating the positive inotropic effect (PIE) in the ventricular muscle of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) was investigated by the use of phenylephrine (PE) and adrenoceptor antagonists. The intrinsic activity (0.6) and the pD2-value (5.41) for PE were comparable to those in other mammalian species. The beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, pindolol (3 x 10(-8) mol/l) shifted only the upper part of the concentration-response curve (CRC) for PE to the right; the pD2-value for PE was not significantly affected by pindolol. On the other hand, phentolamine (10(-6) mol/l) shifted the lower part of the CRC for PE more than the upper part. In the presence of both pindolol and phentolamine the curve was shifted to the right in a parallel manner. The time required for twitch relaxation was negatively correlated to the degree of PIE of PE in the presence of phentolamine but not pindolol. These results indicate that both beta- and alpha-adrenoceptors mediate the positive inotropic action in the ventricular muscle of the Japanese monkey and that in contrast to the action via beta-adrenoceptors the action via alpha-adrenoceptors is not accompanied by the "relaxant effect".
Animals↗
Detection of immune complexes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by double immunofluorescence in patients with IgA nephropathy.
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Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Specificity of eluted antibody from renal tissues of patients with IgA nephropathy.
A study on the specificity of antibodies eluted from renal biopsy specimens in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. These specimens were treated with citrate buffer (pH 3.2) and the "eluate" was neutralized by sodium hydroxide. The "eluate" was then applied to the acid-treated sections obtained from the same and other patients with IgA nephropathy as well as to those with other glomerular diseases. The sections were stained with FITC-labeled heavy-chain-specific anti-human IgA antisera and examined with a fluorescent microscope. It was demonstrated that the antibodies obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy specifically recombined with the glomerular mesangial areas in such patients, while these antibodies did not combine with renal tissues obtained from patients with out IgA nephropathy. The eluted antibodies combined with autologous tissues, but only one-third of them combined with allogeneic renal specimens with IgA nephropathy. It is concluded that IgA antibodies deposited in glomeruli are specific to mesangial areas of patients with IgA nephropathy and that these antibodies show some heterogeneity among patients with this disorder.
Adolescent↗
Central dopaminergic excitatory and inhibitory systems in Nelson's syndrome.
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Adult↗
Determination of LDL receptors on cultured lymphocytes using fluorescein-labeled LDL.
A rapid, sensitive procedure for the detection of LDL receptors on cell surface without using radioisotopes is described. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled LDL bound with cultured human lymphocytes, and the degree of that binding was compatible with that of 125 I-labeled LDL. The staining of cells with FITC-LDL allows identification and enumeration of LDL-binding cells using fluorescence microscopy or a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). It is suggested that FITC-LDL can be applied for screening of patients with various degrees of activity in LDL receptors on their cell surfaces.
Adult↗
Effect of histamine-sensitizing factor of Bordetella pertussis on pharmacologic response of rat atria.
The effects of sensitization with the histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis as well as Bordetella vaccines on a pharmacologic response in rat heart preparations were determined. In normal rats the spontaneous beating of atria in vitro through the positive inotropic action produced by the addition of epinephrine was inhibited immediately by addition of acetylcholine, whereas in the B. pertussis vaccine-treated rats the exciting atria were scarcely inhibited by acetylcholine. Neither B. parapertussis nor B. bronchiseptica vaccines induced such an altered atrial response in rats. Of the B. pertussis cell components purified HSF induced the altered response at the minimal dose of 0.1 microgram per rat, and a dose of 1 microgram or more produced the maximal change. This altered atrial-inducing activity of HSF was inactivated by heating at 63 C for 30 min, and was neutralized by anti-HSF rabbit serum. The altered response rose quickly in 1 day after i.v. injection of 1 microgram of HSF, reached a plateau in 3 to 5 days, which lasted at least 14 days, and disappeared completely 56 days later. HSF failed to produce directly any functional damage to the beating atria in vitro, and to induce the altered response of the normal rat atria by incubation with as much as 10 microgram of HSF per bath (50 ml) for 4 hr. A trace stimulation was found in the normal rat atria as well as in perfused frog hearts, if HSF was given directly at a dose of 20 microgram per bath.
Acetylcholine↗
Glycerol-releasing activity of histamine-sensitizing factor of Bordetella pertussis for rat adipocytes in vitro.
Histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) purified from Bordetella pertussis induced specifically the release of glycerol from rat epididymal adipocytes in vitro. The most sensitive and reproducible results were obtained by using 1 to 2 x 10(5) adipocytes/tube from rats weighing 150 to 200 g, and by incubation at 37 C for 180 min. After a lag period of about 60 min, HSF-treated adipocytes released glycerol in increasing amounts between 60 and 240 min, depending on the dose of HSF. A close correlation between the glycerol-releasing (GR) activity of HSF for adipocytes and histamine-sensitizing or leukocytosis-promoting activity in mice was observed. The GR activity was inactivated by heating at 56 C for 60 min, 63 C for 30 min or 96 C for 10 min. The adipocytes washed out with a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer immediately after being exposed to HSF for 1 to 3 min manifested about 75% of the total GR activity induced by HSF, and those washed out after being exposed for 30 min or longer had full activity. Anti-HSF serum neutralized the activity when it was added to adipocytes simultaneously with HSF, but did not when it was added 30 min after being exposed to HSF. By using both native and 125 I-labeled HSF, the ratio of binding of HSF to adipocytes was estimated to be 10 to 15% of the total HSF per 2 x 10(5) cells/tube, and to be about 1,000 molecules of HSF per cell to induce the release of glycerol. The GR activity induced with 10 ng of HSF was inhibited by addition of insulin at a dose of over 1 micro IU/tube, but not by concanavalin A.
Adipose Tissue↗
Double immunofluorescence studies of immunoglobulins, complement components and their control proteins in patients with IgA nephropathy.
A study on double immunofluorescent staining of immunoglobulins, complement components, and their control proteins in renal tissues from patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy. These biopsy specimens were stained with anti sera to human C1q, C4-binding protein, and beta 1H globulin by indirect immunofluorescent staining. These samples were then stained with rhodamine-conjugated anti human IgG, IgM, and IgA. Although C1q and C4-binding protein do not combine with IgA, they ubiquitously combine with IgG and/or IgM. beta 1H globulin also combine with IgG, IgM and/or IgA. It was demonstrated that the complement system activated in IgA nephropathy was via both alternative and classical pathways. The presence of C4-binding protein in glomeruli appeared to be a more sensitive indicator of classical pathway activation than the presence of C4.
Carrier Proteins↗
Inhibition by theophylline of the early component of canine ventricular contraction.
Changes in mechanical characteristics of the isolated canine ventricular muscle were investigated during interaction of isoproterenol with theophylline or caffeine. An early and a late component with time to peak tension of 80 and 150 ms, respectively, were differentiated in a single contraction of the muscle stimulated at 0.5 Hz at 37 degrees C during the interaction of isoproterenol and theophylline, or isoproterenol and caffeine. Isoproterenol increased preferentially the early component and affected only slightly the late one. Theophylline or caffeine elevated the early component less than the late one. In the presence of theophylline + isoproterenol or caffeine + isoproterenol the peak tension was achieved by a late component, whereas the increase in the early one induced by isoproterenol in 3 X 10(-7) M and higher was depressed significantly. During the interaction the rate of twitch relaxation was accelerated further rather than depressed. Changes in action potential indicate that the calcium influx via the myocardial cell membrane during depolarization was increased: the peak plateau potential was significantly elevated by theophylline alone and further by theophylline + isoproterenol. These results indicate that theophylline and caffeine (2 mM) may act intracellularly to inhibit the isoproterenol-induced promotion of the early component without impairing the isoproterenol-induced acceleration of relaxation in the canine ventricular muscle.
Animals↗
The state of cardiac contractile proteins during the diastolic phase.
The molecular events underlying contraction and relaxation of heart muscle were studied by the X-ray diffraction method. In quiescent heart muscle most myosin heads were in the vicinity of the thick filaments. When heart muscle contracted, myosin heads moved to the vicinity of the thin filaments to react with actin. On relaxation of muscle, myosin heads returned to the thick filaments. However, in cyclically contracting heart muscle a significant fraction of myosin heads remained in the vicinity of the thin filaments until the end of the diastolic phase. Therefore, the molecular state during the diastolic phase was considerably different from that in the quiescent state. Paired-pulse stimulation, which enhanced the tension development, increased the number of myosin heads near the thin filaments not only during the systolic phase but also during the diastolic phase. Thus the diastolic molecular state was modified by inotropic intervention. These findings suggest that the diastolic phase should be regarded as a dynamic phase rather than a static phase.
Animals↗
[Current findings on adrenergic receptors and blocking agents].
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Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Increase of IgA specific helper T alpha cells in patients with IgA nephropathy.
Patients with IgA nephropathy show an emergence of IgA dominant circulating immune complexes (CIC) as well as increased levels of serum IgA and/or IgA bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes. In order to elucidate immunological aberrations responsible for the increased IgA synthesis in such patients, quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on T alpha cells which have been recently identified as possessing IgA specific helper activity on human B cells. Three different methods were employed to quantitate T alpha cells. These methods included a rosette formation of T cells with either bovine red cells coated with the IgA fraction of anti-bovine red cell antiserum or those coated with TNP and anti-TNP IgA antibody, and an analysis of T cells combined with fluorescein conjugated human IgA myeloma protein. T alpha cells were sorted by a fluorescence activated cell sorter and co-cultured with a B cell rich fraction to evaluate whether there is a qualitative difference in IgA specific helper activity between patients and healthy adults. T alpha cells were significantly increased in patients with IgA nephropathy while there were no significant changes in patients with chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis without mesangial deposition of IgA. There was no qualitative difference in IgA specific helper activity of T alpha cells between patients and healthy adults. It is suggested that increased levels of T alpha cells in patients with IgA nephropathy may be responsible for increased synthesis of IgA in such patients.
Adult↗