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Biomedical subjects

M Endoh

Publications and source records attributed to M Endoh.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Discrepancy of serum IgA levels determined by single radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry in patients with IgA nephropathy.

The levels of IgA in sera were quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) and laser nephelometer (LN) to evaluate a precise amount of serum IgA in patients with IgA nephropathy, other glomerular diseases and healthy adults. Thirty patients with IgA nephropathy, twenty patients with other glomerular diseases and eighteen healthy adults were examined. It was shown that the levels of IgA in sera measured by LN were significantly higher than those in sera measured by SRID in patients with IgA nephropathy associated with increased levels of serum IgA. This suggests that the levels of serum IgA measured by SRID in patients with IgA nephropathy were affected by the physicochemical characteristics of circulating IgA in patients with IgA nephropathy. It is postulated that an increase of serum IgA in patients with IgA nephropathy may be mainly due to an increase of polymers rather than a monomer of IgA.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of the staining findings of immunofluorescence in unfixed or fixed renal biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy.

A study on the evaluation of staining findings of immunofluorescence in unfixed or fixed renal biopsy specimens is described. Renal biopsy specimens obtained from ten patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy were embedded in gelatin or paraffin matrix. Renal biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin matrix were digested with 0.05% protease. The specimens were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-human IgA, IgG, IgM or C3 antisera at 4 degrees C overnight. IgA, IgG or IgM were markedly observed in glomeruli using unfixed materials embedded in gelatin matrix or 10% neutral buffered formalin fixed materials embedded in paraffin matrix from patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. There was no significant difference in the intensity or distribution of IgA, IgG or IgM deposition among the two different conditions of immunofluorescence in patients with such diseases. Although the deposition of IgA using unfixed materials embedded in gelatin matrix was prominently coarse granular or lumpy in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy, that of IgA using 10% formalin fixed materials embedded in paraffin matrix was fine granular and/or interrupted linear in glomeruli. It was suggested that the immunofluorescence in renal biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin matrix after digestion with protease is useful for the evaluation of immunoglobulins in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy or membranous nephropathy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Attenuation of muscarinic cholinergic inhibition by islet-activating protein in the heart.

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of islet-activating protein (IAP), a pertussis toxin, on the autonomic regulation of cardiac function. In atria isolated from rats given intravenous IAP (0.125-1.0 micrograms/100 g body wt) 12-72 h prior to experiments, the negative chronotropic and inotropic actions of carbachol were attenuated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory action of carbachol in the absence of isoproterenol and its attenuation by IAP were not associated with any changes in tissue adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels. In addition, carbachol decreased the isoproterenol-induced elevation of cAMP levels and inhibited the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to isoproterenol. The inhibitory action of carbachol on the isoproterenol-induced functional and cAMP responses was also reduced by the IAP treatment. The increase in tissue guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels produced by carbachol was likewise abolished by the IAP treatment. These results indicate that IAP treatment attenuates the inhibitory actions of carbachol elicited via muscarinic receptors through both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent subcellular processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

IgG, IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors in patients with glomerulonephritis.

Rheumatoid factors (RF), autoantibodies to IgG, have been postulated to have some pathogenetic role in the development of some types of glomerulonephritis. A simple and sensitive solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay was employed to determine whether IgG, IgA and IgM RF were detectable in sera from patients with various types of glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with various streptococcal infections. IgG, IgA and IgM RF were significantly increased in the majority of patients with RA, lupus nephritis (SLE), acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) and various streptococcal infections. The titers of IgG and IgA RF were significantly higher in patients with APSGN than in those with simple pharyngitis. IgM RF was increated in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA-N) and in those with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I (MPGN). No significantly high RF was observed in membranous nephropathy (MN) or chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis without IgA deposition (PGN). It is suggested that some autologous immune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of glomerulonephritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetic studies on pharmacologic response of captopril in rats.

After administration of captopril, a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure was observed in low sodium rats which were used as animal models of hyper-renin-active pathema. In normal rats, however, this marked decrease in blood pressure was not observed, even with high dose levels. In spite of the fact that captopril does not lower the blood pressure in normal rats, it was demonstrated that converting-enzyme activity was inhibited by captopril. No differences were observed between low sodium rats and normal rats in characteristics of angiotensin-converting enzyme. It was concluded that disposition of captopril might be different in the respective rats.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1985

Immunofluorescent studies on alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI) in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy.

Detection of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI) and/or fibrinogen in glomeruli by immunofluorescence in 26 patients with IgA nephropathy was described. The present study showed that glomerular injuries such as glomerular adhesion to Bowman's capsule and the cellular and/or fibrous crescent were predominantly observed in glomeruli with alpha 2-PI and/or fibrinogen deposits in patients with IgA nephropathy. Alpha 2-PI coexisted with fibrinogen in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy. It was postulated that the deposition of alpha 2-PI in vivo might lead to the accumulation of glomerular fibrinogen deposits in patients with IgA nephropathy. It was suggested that the depositions of alpha 2-PI and/or fibrinogen in glomeruli may be one of the exacerbative factors in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Differential effects of sulmazole (AR-L 115 BS) on contractile force and cyclic AMP levels in canine ventricular muscle: comparison with MDL 17,043.

MDL 17,043 [1,3-dihydro-4-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)-benzoyl]-2H-imidazol-2-one] and AR-L 115 BS [sulmazole, 2-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfinyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-b] pyridine] produced substantial positive inotropic effects in a concentration-dependent manner (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) in the isolated canine ventricular trabeculae in the presence of pindolol (3 X 10(-8) M). Both agents exhibited equal potency and intrinsic activity in this preparation. The time to peak tension, relaxation time and total duration of contraction were shortened by MDL 17,043 in a concentration-dependent manner up to the highest concentrations tested (10(-3) M). In contrast, AR-L 115 BS shortened these times in concentrations of 3 X 10(-4) M and lower, but prolonged them in higher concentrations. The positive inotropic effects of MDL 17,043 and AR-L 115 BS were associated with increases in the cyclic AMP levels of the muscles. The time course of the increase in cyclic AMP levels differed for the two drugs. The elevation in cyclic AMP and the positive inotropic effect produced by MDL 17,043 followed a similar time course. By contrast, the rise in the cyclic AMP level became significant only after the positive inotropic effect produced by AR-L 115 BS had reached a steady level. Carbachol, a muscarinic agonist, converted the positive inotropic effect of 10(-3) M MDL 17,043 into a negative inotropic effect, but did not alter the positive inotropic effect of 10(-3) M AR-L 115 BS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1985

Bordetella heat-labile toxin: further purification, characterization and mode of action.

The heat-labile toxin (HTL) was purified from sonic extracts of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis cells by a series of hydrophobic interactions, density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, isoelectric precipitation, and isoelectric focusing. A 114-fold purification was regularly obtained with a yield of 31%. A dose of 0.75 ng was dermonecrotizing in guinea pigs. HLT is a simple protein (pI 6.9) with a molecular weight by gel filtration of 102,000 which consists of two polypeptides of 30,000 and 24,000 molecular weight. Amino acid analysis showed 15 common amino acids and the absence of methionine. The dermonecrotizing activity was inactivated at 56 degrees C, and at above pH 10 or below pH 5. Effects of various ions, detergents, enzymes and other chemical agents on HLT were determined. When instilled on the surgically exposed peripheral blood vessels of guinea pigs or suckling mice, HLT induced vasoconstriction within 15 min resulting in the decrease of blood flow, followed by manifestations of ischemia, diapedesis and petechial hemorrhage during the following 5 h. HLT activity on arterioles was unaffected by adrenergic or cholinergic blockades. Biochemically, HLT significantly inhibited in vitro the activity of Na+ - K+ ATPase prepared from rat kidney. A possible mechanism by which HLT induces dermohemorrhagic necrosis and splenic atrophy, is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gastrointestinal hormones and motility of the human sphincter of Oddi.

We investigated the mechanism of humoral control of bile discharge into the duodenum. The actions of the GB, SO and duodenum were monitered by cinecholecystocholangiogrphy combined with manometry of the SO area using a hydraulic-capillary infusion system or MIKRO-TIP, and these were correlated with the plasma concentrations of GI hormones. We concluded that one of the most significant roles of the sphincter of Oddi is to limit bile flow. This postulation was favored by the observation of so-called 'spasm' of the SO where 8 to 10 contractions per min., in contrast to 'normal' contraction of 2 to 4 per min., were seen. On this special occasion, no discharge of the contrast material into the duodenum was noticed. Exogenous or endogenous CCK causes a coordinated action of the GB contraction, the SO relaxation and relaxation of the adjacent segment of the duodenum, resulting in an effective discharge of bile into the duodenum. The effect of Pancreozymin on bile discharge revealed by endoscopic cinematography was that Pancreozymin first made the orifice of the papilla of Vater widely open with a profuse bile flow and following this, caused a repeated shuttering action of the orifice with minimal discharge of bile. This observation opposes the opinion that active SO contractile activity is necessary to bile flow into the duodenum. Caerulein or CCK-33 caused no 'post-inhibition' enhancement of the SO activity that was seen in case of Pancreozymin administration. Motilin, calcium or other substances contained in Pancreozymin (Boots) might be causative for this enhancement.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1984

Cholera toxin-induced changes in force of contraction and cyclic AMP levels in canine ventricular myocardium: inhibition by carbachol.

Cholera toxin (1-10 micrograms/ml) had a biphasic inotropic action on the isolated canine ventricular muscle: it produced a transient negative and a long lasting positive inotropic effect. The negative effect reached a maximum 43 +/- 2 min (n = 12) after administration of the toxin, while it took 3-5 hrs for the positive effect to reach a steady level. The positive inotropic effect of cholera toxin was accompanied by a prominent abbreviation of the time to peak tension and the relaxation time of individual contractions. The level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) of the tissue was elevated by cholera toxin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Carbachol (1 mumol/l) administered 3 or 5 hrs after the administration of cholera toxin (10 micrograms/ml) reversed the increase in force of contraction and the elevation of cyclic AMP levels induced by cholera toxin. These results indicate that cholera toxin exerts a cyclic AMP-dependent positive inotropic effect and a negative inotropic effect which is not related to cyclic AMP levels in canine ventricular myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of danazol on solubilization of immune deposits in patients with IgA nephropathy.

A study on the solubilization of glomerular immune deposits by administration of danazol in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. A clinical trial on danazol was performed in seven patient with IgA nephropathy. Administration of danazol was effective in improving proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy. In vitro effects of patients' sera on solubilization of glomerular immune deposits were examined in parallel studies. Renal biopsy specimens obtained from IgA nephropathy were incubated with fresh patients' sera before and after administration of danazol at 37 degrees C for one hour in plastic test tubes. The sections were stained with FITC-labeled heavy chain-specific anti-human IgA antiserum and then examined with a fluorescent microscope. It was shown that the solubilization of glomerular immune deposits by sera after administration of danazol from patients with IgA nephropathy was significantly higher than that by sera before such treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

IgA nephropathy associated with HLA-DR4 antigen.

This report describes 2 siblings with IgA nephropathy. Patient No. 1 was a 38-year-old woman with hematuria and proteinuria of 19 years duration. Her blood ABO type was A and Rh positive. She was found to have HLA-A2,Aw24; Bw54 , Bw48 ;Cwl,C-;DR1,DR4. Her renal specimen was diagnosed as the advanced stage of IgA nephropathy histologically. Patient No. 2 was a 41-year-old man who was a brother of patient No. 1. His blood ABO type was O and Rh positive. His serotype for the HLA was found to be HLA-Aw24,A-;Bw35, Bw54 ;Cw1,Cw3;DR4, DRw9 . His renal histology showed the advanced stage of IgA nephropathy. It is suggested that an abnormal immune response linked to gene coding for HLA-DR4 antigen might be involved in the development of IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗