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Biomedical subjects

M Endo

Publications and source records attributed to M Endo.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Calcium and monovalent ions in smooth muscle.

Electron probe analysis has shown that the high Cl and K contents of smooth muscle reflect the generalized cytoplasmic distribution of these elements and are not due to sequestration in organelles. These findings, in agreement with other studies, indicate that ECl is less and EK more negative than the membrane potential. The susceptibility of cellular Na content to preparatory procedures has been confirmed. Nuclei do not sequester Na, and transmitochondrial monovalent ion (Na, K, Cl) gradients are very small or nonexistent. The major identified intracellular store of Ca is the sarcoplasmic reticulum; mitochondrial Ca is low in resting as well as in maximally contracted normal portal vein smooth muscle. Observations on mitochondrial loading in saponin-skinned smooth muscle suggest that in intact cells maximal contraction may take place at less than 10(-5) M free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]. Problems of the composition of abnormal (hypertrophied, hypertensive, and atherosclerotic) smooth muscles are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Hangul words, handedness and shift of laterality difference.

Nonsense Kana words as verbal stimuli and Hangul words (Korean orthographic characters) as non-verbal were presented tachistoscopically in the left or right visual field to normal right-handed, non-familial left-handed Japanese subjects, who have not seen Hangul characters. Right-handers showed a significant right (or left) field superiority for the recognition of verbal (or non-verbal) stimuli. This pattern of differences found in right-handers is, though to a slightly lesser degree, also present in non-familial left-handers, while it is absent in familial left-handers. Initial left field superiority for Hangul word recognition shifted to no laterality difference in left-handers as well as in right-handers during the learning period for Hangul words.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Laterality differences in recognition of Japanese and Hangul words by monolinguals and bilinguals.

Two-character nonsense Kana words, individual Kanji words and individual Hangul words are presented tachistoscopically in the left or right visual field to 20 normal, right-handed Japanese students and 13 normal, right-handed Korean subjects. The former did not know Hangul letters. The latter were born and raised in Japan, in exclusively Japanese-speaking families, but they could read Hangul letters and write them a little because they have learned the Hangul language for 6 months. In each of three conditions (Kana, Kanji and Hangul work recognition), each subject was required to move the index finger of his right or left hand leftwards as fast as possible after the presentation of two of four stimuli and rightwards after the presentation of the other two. The reaction time was measured. A significant right field superiority for the recognition of Kana words and no lateral asymmetry for Kanji words were shown in both Japanese and Korean groups. However, for the Hangul recognition, a significant left field superiority for Japanese subjects and a significant right field superiority for Korean subjects were obtained. These findings are interpreted as follows. Kana and Kanji are processed somewhat differently in the cerebral hemispheres. Japanese subjects do not recognize Hangul stimuli as orthographic characters but as shapes or figures. Korean subjects can identify Hangul stimuli as letters. Both the first language (Kana) and second language (Hangul) are processed in the dominant left hemisphere by right-handed Korean subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fine structure of experimental epileptogenic focus produced by intracerebral implantation of cobalt-gelatin stick in rabbits.

The experimental epileptogenic focus produced by cobalt-gelatin stick implantation in the cerebral cortex of rabbits has been studied by electron microscopy. Since our cobalt focus was latent, the bemegride maneuver was intravenously performed to identify the cobalt lesion of the cortex as an epileptogenic focus. The cobalt lesion comprised three different zones. Of the three zones, the reactive zone showed a glio-mesenchymal scar and prominent ultrastructural changes. The major change of this zone was found in the neurons, neuropils and astrocytes. Electron-lucent neurons deprived of the usual neuropils surrounding them, widening of extracellular spaces and swollen dendrites in neuropils, and proliferating astrocytes were observed constantly throughout the experimental period. These findings may be significant for the genesis of this type of epilepsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Does sex influence laterality differences in recognition of visually-presented kana or kanji words?

The speed of recognition of Japanese Kana (phonetic) and Kanji (ideographic) symbols tachistoscopically presented either to the left or the right visual field in 20 normal right-handed Japanese subjects (10 males and 10 females) was investigated. A significant right visual field superiority for the recognition of both meaningful and nonsense Kana words was obtained, while there was a lack of laterality differences in recognition of meaningful Kanji words. The results indicated that Kanji processing is somewhat different from Kana processing. Sex did not influence visual field preferences regardless of the kind of verbal stimuli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Time course of content of insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in human pancreatic tissue obtained by surgery.

In order to know the degree of the destruction of peptide hormones in pancreatic tissue of autopsied material, the time courses of the degradation of pancreatic insulin, glucagon and hPP were studied using surgically operated pancreatic pieces kept at room or low temperature. Amounts of insulin, glucagon and hPP in pancreatic tissue were determined by radioimmunoassay. Insulin in the pancreas just after resection was 2.58 +/- 0.33 U/g (mean +/- SE). At 3 hrs it decreased to 66.4 +/- 3.8%, at 6 hrs, to 68.5 +/- 5.1% and at 12 hrs to 51.7 +/- 11.4% of the initial value in the tissues kept at room temperature (20-22 degrees C) When the tissues were kept at 4 degrees C, 90.7 +/- 3.9% of insulin at 3 hrs, 88.5 +/- 7.0% at 6 hrs, and 80.3 +/- 2.6% at 12 hrs were preserved. 81.3 +/- 13.9% of the initial hPP was present in the tissues after 6 hrs at room temperature, and it decreased to 20.7 +/- 5.7% after 12 hrs, whereas no significant decrease in hPP was found even after 12 hrs at low temperature. Glucagon content at starting point was 16.85 +/- 4.05 micrograms/g and at 3 hrs in the room temperature it fell to 7.46 +/- 3.53 micrograms/g (41.5 +/- 9.8%) and at 6 and 12 hrs only 14.4 +/- 4.1% and 5.8 +/- 4.2% were left, respectively. At low temperature, at 3 hrs 79.3 +/- 8.9%, at 6 hrs 62.2 +/- 14.7% and at 12 hrs 53.5 +/- 16.6% was preserved. These findings indicate that special consideration should be taken from the viewpoint of the destruction of hormones in pancreatic tissues obtained at autopsy.

Glucagon↗