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Biomedical subjects

M Eckert

Publications and source records attributed to M Eckert.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Spontaneous pneumothorax and its treatment].

It is reported on 111 cases with 123 episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax. Pathological lung changes were found only in 47% of the cases. The percentage of acute lung tuberculosis is minimal. Adequate therapy is the early intercostal constant sucking drainage. Very early thoracotomy should be performed if results of drainage therapy is unsatisfactory or serious complications occur. Pneumothorax after Bülau-drainage recurs in about 16% of the cases. The secure method for prevention of recurrence is thoracotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Adhesion prophylaxis in surgical gynecology].

In operations near the internal genitalia it is important to prevent adhesions if fertility is to be preserved. As animal experiments and clinical experience have shown a fibrinolysin can be use for prevention of adhesions. In operations on the tube for restoring fertility and during chromolaparoscopy one should use a fibrinolysin, or example Varidase, and a cortisone derivative.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Immunocytochemical identification of proctolinlike immunoreactivity in the terminal ganglion and hindgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.).

In the American cockroach, the distribution and connections of neuronal elements of the terminal ganglion-proctodeal nerve-hindgut system were investigated by means of immunohistochemical methods and axonal CoCl2 iontophoresis. Proctolinlike immunoreactivity was localized within neurons of the terminal ganglion projecting into the proctodeal nerve on the one hand, and in nerve cells without a direct connection to this system on the other. Immunohistochemically, in whole mount preparations fibres of the proctodeal nerve and terminal structures in the hindgut musculature exhibit strong proctolinlike immunoreactivity. At the light- and electron-microscopic levels the pathways of about 30 somata of the proctodeal neural system were characterized by cobalt chloride iontophoresis. The relationships of cobalt filled and immunoreactive neuronal structures are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Atropine: a sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay and prepharmacokinetic studies.

A novel assay method for the determination of atropine in biological fluids is presented. Atropine is extracted and subsequently hydrolyzed. The generated tropine is them derivatized to heptafluorobutyryl-tropine, which is measured by GLC-MS. Base peaks m/z 124 and m/z 127 are simultaneously monitored. Deuterated atropine serves as internal standard. This specific and sensitive assay permits a delineation of the disposition pharmacokinetics in humans after i.v. administration of the drug. Prepharmacokinetic studies determined pKa values for atropine and tropine of 9.56 and 10.35 respectively at 22 degrees C. Solvent partitioning experiments showed that atropine exerts a significantly larger lipophilicity than tropine. This was consistent with tropine (0%, 0.85) at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. Plasma protein binding and erythrocyte partitioning of both compounds were concentration independent and invariable in the presence or absence of each other.

Atropine↗
PubMed1981

[Relationship between clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of midazolam on i.m. and i.v. application to volunteers/1st comm.: Clinical aspects (author's transl)].

The onset of action of 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo [1,5-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine (midazolam, Ro 21-3981, Dormicum), after i.v. injection of 12.5 mg, occurs towards the end of the injection and reaches its maximum level in about 3 min. After i.m. injection, the first effects are generally seen about 5 min later. The maximum effect is reached in about 20 min. Psychometric tests tend to return to normal within 2 h after the injection and are completely normalized within 4 h. Although no objective effect was measurable, the subjects sometimes reported subjective effects lasting up to 6 h. These were mainly signs of mild residual fatigue. The objective and subjective symptoms disappeared after 6 h. General and local tolerance was excellent. A transient sensation (lasting a few minutes) of slight burning was mentioned by some subjects after i.m. injection. Midazolam is therefore a sleep-inducing agent distinguished by rapid and regular onset of action, relatively short duration of action and a low incidence of side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Relation between the clinical effect and the pharmacokinetics of midazolam following i.m. and i.v. administration/2nd comm.: Pharmacokinetical aspects (author's transl)].

In a cross-over study 6 subjects were administered 12.5 mg 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine (midazolam, Ro 21-3981, Dormicum) i.v. and i.m., with an interval of one week between the two applications. Midazolam, in the hydrochloride form, was administered by both the i.v. and i.m. route, and the lactate form only by the i.m. route. Determination of the concentration of midazolam in plasma was carried out by a gas chromatography method (Method ECD-GLC). After administration by i.m. route both salts were rapidly absorbed. The maximum concentrations were generally reached within 30 min after the injection. The mean absolute bioavailability is 91% for the hydrochloride and 82% for the lactate. The nature of the salts has no influence on bioavailability. On the basis of performance tests we obtained a good relation between the plasma concentration and the psychometric findings. 2--4 h after i.v. or i.m. administration the clinical effects are no longer measurable and the findings are approaching the initial values determined before the injection. The plasma concentration, on the other hand, is still measurable after the same lapse of time, at around 100 ng/ml.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Pharmacokinetics of midazolam after i.v. administration (author's transl)].

8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine (midazolam, Ro 21-3981, Dormicum) is a special type of benzodiazepine. Its salts are water-soluble and also stable in an aqueous solution. Following i.v. injection of the substance, the human body eliminates midazolam almost entirely by means of biotransformation. Following rapid i.v. injection of midazolam into 8 normal volunteers, the plasma concentration of the substance decreases to approximately 10% within 1 h owing to a rapid rate of distribution. The biological half-life in the terminal phase (beta) ranges between 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 h. In view of the non-dose-dependent clearance and the various phases of distribution, the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug can be described by means of a linear three-compartmental model. The portion of drug extracted by the liver ranges between 40 and 50%, which implies a liver first-pass effect of approximately 50% after oral administration. The total plasma clearance is 300-350 ml/min. The absorption rate after i.m. injection is extremely rapid, with complete absorption taking place.

Adult↗