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Biomedical subjects

M E Ward

Publications and source records attributed to M E Ward.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The preparation and properties of gonococcal pili.

Pili have been isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae by controlled homogenization followed by selective disaggregation in sucrose and purification by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. Pili from six gonococcal strains had buoyant densities of 1-30 to 1-31 g ml-1 on CsCl. The pili were immunologically distinct when tested with rabbit antisera to purified pili. The amino acid composition of pilin from strains P9 and 201 was very similar, consisting of 208 and 212 amino acid residues respectively giving molecular weights of 22 600 and 22352. The pili contained a high proportion (46%) of non-polar amino acids. Further analysis of strain P9 pili revealed the presence of 1 to 2 phosphate groups and 1 to 2 hexose groups per pilin subunit; no amino sugars were detected. Pili from strain P9 were resolved into two bands by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation or column isoelectric focusing, suggesting the presence of more than one kind of pilus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Acute liver failure. Experience in a special unit.

Acute liver failure involves disturbances of all major organ systems. The pathophysiology of these disturbances are reviewed and details of management for each system is discussed in clinical work in a special Liver Failure Unit is used to derive principles of treatment, and the use of extracorporeal charcoal haemoperfusion is outlined.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1977

Anaesthesia for the neonatal pig--'the micropig'.

The use of spontaneous respiration of oxygen, nitrous oxide, and halothane via Jackson Rees's modification of Ayre's T-piece and a flexible 'snout' mask proved to be a simple and effective way of anaesthetizing neonatal pigs--'micropigs'--in the first few days of life without resorting to endotracheal intubation. No airway obstruction occurred as long as the head was extended with firm traction on the jaw and provided the nostrils were not pressed up against the wall of the mask. The anaesthetic technique described provided adequate muscle relaxation and analgesia for extensive abdominal surgery. The animals recovered rapidly and there were no postoperative complications.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1976

Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric evaluation of free organic acids in human saliva.

Excellent resolution and subsequent identification of free organic acids extracted from mixed, unstimulated human saliva was obtained by gas chromatography using high resolution open tubular glass capillary columns coupled with mass spectrometry computer instrumentation. In addition to the organic acids, identified as their trimethylsilyl derivaties, the presence of 2,6-di-t-butylcresol--a food preservative--and cholesterol was established by mass spectrometry. The effects of aspirin ingestion as well as diurnal variation were studied to demonstrate the possible clinical significance of this noninvasive approach to metabolic profiling.

Acids↗
PubMed1976

The influence of surface charge on the attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human cells.

Isoelectric focusing showed that Neisseria gonorrhoeae has an overall negative surface charge. Chemical modification of protein amino or carboxyl groups changed the surface charge and thereby altered the ability of the organisms to attach to human amnion cells grown in tissue culture. Attachment of modified and unmodified N. gonorrhoeae was increased by the presence of pili only when the bacteria bore a negative surface charge. Thus an important factor in the pathogenesis of gonorrhoea may be the ability of pili to facilitate attachment of N. gonorrhoeae by overcoming the initial electrostatic repulsive barrier which exists between it and the host cell.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Anaesthesia for injection of bleeding oesophageal varices.

Patients with haemorrhage from oesophageal varices associated with portal hypertension are poor risks for anaesthesia and surgery. One method of controlling such haemorrhage is injection of the oesophageal varices (sclero-therapy) via an oesophagoscope. Careful preoperative preparation and use of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in combination with the anaesthetic technique of intermittent Althesin and suxamethonium with artificial ventilation with nitrous oxide and oxygen enables sclerotherapy to be carried out successfully.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1975

General anaesthesia during early pregnancy.

General anaesthesia in the early stages of pregnancy may carry an increased risk of embryotoxicity. One hundred and six women scheduled for non-emerency surgery were interviewed preoperatively and their menstrual history taken. Forty-three (41 per cent) were considered to be using adequate contraceptive therapy. Thirty-one (29 per cent) of the patients could have been in the early stages of pregnancy, and of these women, 19 (61 per cent) were undergoing surgery of a minor nature. Simple history taking identified the women 'at risk' and it is suggested that surgery could have been delayed without detriment in many cases.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1975

Althesin and pancuronium in chronic liver disease.

In 32 patients with chronic liver disease, undergoing major abdominal surgery, anaesthesia was induced with either Althesin (alphaxalone and alphadolone acetate) or thiopentone, and maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen and increments of either pethidine or fentanyl. The patients were ventilated artificially to maintain PaCO, values in the normal range. Pancuronium bromide was used as the muscle relaxant. Liver function tests at 24 hr and 5 day after surgery showed only minor changes compared with findings before operation. There was no significant difference between the Althesin and thiopentone groups. In two patients with severe obstructive jaundice there was difficulty in reversing the effects of pancuronium, but "pancuronium resistance" was observed in all patients. It is concluded that the anaesthetic sequence described, with either Althesin or thiopentone induction, is satisfactory with respect to changes in liver function in patients with chronic liver disease undergoing major surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Studies on lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Lipopolysaccharides, extracted by phenol-water from five strains fo Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were purified by treatment with ribonuclease followed by multiple washes. These preparations were fatal to mice when administered in submicrogram amounts with actinomycin D, the LD50 values varying from 4 to 16 mug/kg. Analyses showed that all preparations contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid and phosphate. All the lipopolysaccharides contained the same fatty acids, namely beta-OH-10:0, beta-OH-12:0, beta-OH-14:0, 12:0, 14:0,16:0, 16:1, 18:0 and 18:1. We were unable to detect significant differences between the lipopolysaccharides of virulent and avirulent gonococci or between penicillin-sensitive and resistant strains. Gonococcal lipopolysaccharides appeared to lack O-antigen side chains.

Animals↗