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Biomedical subjects

M E Hodes

Publications and source records attributed to M E Hodes.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Identification of a human salivary amylase gene. Partial sequence of genomic DNA suggests a mode of regulation different from that of mouse, Amy1.

We report the identification and partial sequence for a human salivary amylase gene, Amy1. The genomic sequence was compared with known human pancreatic and salivary amylase cDNA sequences and another salivary amylase gene sequence. While most of the intron/exon structure and coding sequences are highly similar to other amylase DNAs, the bulk of the 5' end varies significantly. Major differences in the positions and structures of promoters between human and mouse Amy1 genes suggest that there are important differences between the tissue-specific expressions in the two mammals. Some potential enhancer sequences were identified.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Pancreatic amylase expression in human pancreatic development.

Enzymatic and immunologic methods were used to study amylase expression in amniotic fluid and human pancreatic tissue from fetuses of various gestational ages. A starch-coated slide assay was used to quantitate amylase activity in amniotic fluids, and samples with activity were studied by electrophoresis to determine the presence of salivary amylase (Amy1) and pancreatic amylase (Amy2) isozymes. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with both a rabbit anti-human Amy1 antibody and a murine anti-human Amy2 antibody (Amy2/SP2/1). Amy2/SP2/1 was used to discriminate between Amy1 and Amy2. Both Amy1 and Amy2 activities were present in amniotic fluid from 14 weeks' gestation, and immunologic activity was present in pancreatic tissue sections from 15.9 weeks' gestation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of phosphohydrolase activity in bovine spleen extracts: identification of a bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate-hydrolyzing activity (phosphodiesterase IV) which also acts on adenosine triphosphate.

Several bovine spleen enzymes with acid pH optima, some of which hydrolyze bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate and therefore fit the definition of "phosphodiesterase IV," were partially separated by isoelectric focusing and ion-exchange techniques. The activities were characterized by zymogram analysis with the aid of p-nitrophenyl and 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate and phosphonate substrates. A number of these enzymes meet the criteria for phosphodiesterase I or other phosphodiesterases. However, the predominant phosphodiesterase I hydrolyzes the bis(p-nitrophenyl)-and 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphates, p-nitrophenyl and 4-methylumbelliferyl phenylphosphonate, and ATP at the beta-gamma bond, but not p-nitrophenyl or 4-methylumbelliferyl 5'-thymidylate (the usual PDE I substrates). These properties, as well as the pH optimum, distinguish the activity from the previously described, alkaline pH optimum PDE I. A second phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes only the phenylphosphonates. Several other activities, less well described, are apparent on zymograms. None of the phosphodiesterases IV was also a phosphodiesterase II (no hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl 3'-thymidylate).

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1985

An amylase-producing serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.

A patient with an amylase-producing serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary had elevated serum and urine amylase levels and high levels of amylase in pleural and ascitic fluids. Serum and urine amylase levels reflected both surgical removal of tumor mass and response to chemotherapy. Tumor homogenates had pronounced amylase activity. Salivary type amylase isozyme patterns were found in electrophoresis of samples from all sources. Ascites tumor cells were successfully cultured and salivary type amylase was found in the culture media throughout 5 passages. The tumor was classified by light microscopy as poorly differentiated serous cystadenocarcinoma. Ultrastructural studies on the tumor were consistent with that diagnosis. Amylase was detected in the cells of the tumor examined by the immunoperoxidase technique.

Amylases↗
PubMed1984

Sialic acid residues contribute to the heterogeneity of human serum ribonuclease: demonstration by isoelectric focusing and neuraminidase treatment of serum.

Ribonuclease (RNase) activity from human serum appears as multiple zones of activity following isoelectric focusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gel. At least one but not all of these zones is cross reactive with rabbit antibovine pancreatic RNase A antiserum. Treatment of serum or partially purified serum RNase with neuraminidase reduces the complexity of the serum RNase banding pattern to a major band which focuses at a pH of 9.5 or greater and a minor zone of activity which focuses at about pH 6.0-6.2. Trypsin does not affect the pattern. Thus, sialic acid residues account for a large portion of the heterogeneity of human serum RNase. Neuraminidase treatment is requisite for evaluating RNase from serum and certain other sources.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Linkage analysis in a large kindred with autosomal dominant transmission of polyglandular autoimmune disease type II (Schmidt syndrome).

Schmidt syndrome (PGA syndrome type II) is a rare condition characterized by polyglandular failure. It is an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity that was inherited over four generations in an the Indiana kindred. Association of HLA-B8 has been reported with Schmidt syndrome. Our proband is a 12-year-old boy with Addison disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and vitiligo. Two of his eight sibs had either IDDM (sister) or vitiligo and hyperthyroidism (brother). His mother had hypothyroidism. Seven members of earlier generations apparently were also affected. We obtained peripheral blood for HLA and genetic analysis from 21 relatives in a family with 8 Schmidt syndrome individuals in three generations. HLA studies on 15 affected and unaffected relatives showed only 2 of 7 persons with B8-containing haplotypes. Therefore, no association exists between the B8-containing haplotype and the syndrome. We identified informative marker loci. No evidence for linkage of the Schmidt locus to any of the 14 markers was found and close linkage to esterase D and adenylate kinase and possibly properdin factor B was excluded.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1984

Brief clinical report: neural tube defects in dup(11q).

We describe clinically and cytogenetically a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies and partial dup(11q) born to a phenotypically normal mother with a 3:1 translocation. Fetal anomalies included complete cleft of lip and palate, small penis, myelomenigocele, and abnormal palmar creases. We think chromosome analysis should be performed when neural tube defects are observed in otherwise dysmorphic neonates, stillbirths, and abortuses.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

A comparative kinetic analysis of six substrates widely used for the detection and quantitation of phosphodiesterase I.

Six of the substrates currently used for the detection and quantitation of phosphodiesterase I (PDE I) were examined. Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis of each of these by venom and bovine intestinal PDE I was performed to allow a comparison of the sensitivity of detection for each substrate. The results confirm that phenolic esters of phenylphosphonate are hydrolyzed 2- to 4-fold more rapidly than are the same esters of thymidine 5'-phosphate when both are present in saturating concentrations. The identification of the bovine intestinal enzyme as a PDE I is verified by its extensive similarity to the paradigmatical PDE I from rattlesnake venom. A new definition for PDE I activity is proposed which takes into account its ability to hydrolyze several types of substrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A complementary DNA sequence that predicts a human pancreatic amylase primary structure consistent with the electrophoretic mobility of the common isozyme, Amy2 A.

We report the nucleotide sequence of mRNA for the common electrophoretic isozyme of human pancreatic alpha-amylase, Amy2 A. The sequence was derived from a nearly full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) isolated from a cloned cDNA library. The relatively short 5' untranslated region (15 nucleotides) was determined by primer-extension sequencing. The human Amy2 messenger codes for a 511-residue preamylase polypeptide. An amino-terminal signal peptide of 15 amino acids with an Ala X Gln cleavage site is proposed based on homology to mouse, dog and hog amylases. The Amy2 A mRNA sequence differs from a recently reported human Amy2 sequence. Differences were found at 31 nucleotide positions. The alpha-amylase proteins predicted by the two mRNAs differ at 17 amino acid positions. Relative to the known sequences of other mammalian amylases, most of the differences between the two human Amy2 sequences appear to have occurred as substitutions in the sequence reported by Nakamura et al. (1984). These substitutions predict a protein with a substantially greater net negative charge than that of Amy2 A. We suggest that the two sequences may represent either divergent Amy2 alleles or the expression of non-allelic pancreatic amylase genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Tissue specificity of human phosphodiesterase. I. Blood serum.

Human blood serum was found to contain two enzymes which hydrolyze various phosphate diester and phosphonate ester bonds. The enzymes were isolated by butanol extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, column chromatography and gel electrophoresis. Zymograms showed that one of these enzymes is serum alkaline phosphatase and the other is a 'true' phosphodiesterase I. Serums of 25 persons showed no polymorphisms for either activity. Alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes phenolic thymidine 5'-nucleotide esters readily, but phenylphosphonate esters very poorly. Serum phosphodiesterase I prefers phenylphosphonate esters to nucleotide diesters, and has no detectable monoesterase activity.

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗
PubMed1983

Tissue specificity of human phosphodiesterase. II. Intestinal mucosa.

Extracts of human intestinal mucosa were examined for their ability to hydrolyze various phosphodiester, phosphomonoester and phenylphosphonate ester linkages. Enzymes carrying out these reactions were partially purified by butanol extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and examined for polymorphism on polyacrylamide gels. Two species of alkaline phosphatase and at least five species of PDE I were identified. Antibodies to purified bovine intestinal phosphatase and phosphodiesterase were found specific for the respective human enzymes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Brief clinical report: two children with de novo del(9p).

We describe two patients with characteristic manifestations of the del(9p) syndrome. Among the prominent manifestation are moderate mental retardation, trigonocephaly, flat nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, square and hyperconvex nails, and apparently long digits. The metacarpophalangeal pattern profiles of the patients showed that the clinical impression of long fingers may be due to relative shortness of the metacarpals rather than to elongation of the phalanges.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Comparative teratogenicity of phenytoin among several inbred strains of mice.

Inbred strains of mice differ in their response to the embryopathic effects of phenytoin (PHT). A/J animals, the most susceptible strain, were mated to C57BL/6J mice, the most resistant strain. The susceptibility of the F1 hybrid offspring was determined by the susceptibility of the mother. B6AF1 animals were as resistant as C57BL/6J parental mice, and AB6F1 hybrids were as susceptible as A/J mice. This was especially evident when orofacial anomalies were tallied. (B6A)F2 hybrid offspring were as resistant as their C57BL/6J grandparents.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

Immunologic studies of three family members with the immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM syndrome.

We report the results of immunologic studies in a family in which the father (III-5) and his two daughters (IV-7 and IV-8) had the hyper-IgM syndrome (IHIS). Repeated immunoglobulin levels done on III-5 showed a typical IHIS pattern: low IgG, traces of IgA, and high IgM. IV-7, who also had stage IIA Hodgkin's disease, had a similar pattern except after irradiation therapy to sites of disease, when IgM dropped to normal range while IgG and IgA remained low. IV-8, on the other hand, had normal IgG and IgA and moderately elevated IgM until age 18 months, when she gradually developed the IHIS pattern. All three patients had normal numbers of B cells (sIg) and of T cells, although IV-7 had increased suppression. Finally, all three patients shared the A3,B7 haplotype and none was blood type O. IHIS is not necessarily X linked, is not associated with blood type O, and appears to be heterogeneous even within the same family. Inheritance in this family is apparently autosomal dominant and the father may represent a new mutation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl phenylphosphonate and its used in an improved method for the zymogram analysis of phosphodiesterase I.

The 4-methylumbelliferyl analog of p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate was prepared and its cleavage by different phosphohydrolases was studied. The new compound, 4-methylumbelliferyl phenylphosphonate, is hydrolyzed by purified phosphodiesterase I (EC 3.1.4.1) from snake venom or bovine intestinal mucosa. This fact has been exploited to develop a zymogram method which allows the detection of these phosphohydrolases on gels, even when the enzymes are present in small amounts in crude extracts. This method is superior to chromogenic methods evolving p-nitrophenol in that it is far more sensitive and is superior to the 4-methylumbelliferyl thymidine 5'-phosphate method in that the substrate is easier to prepare and can be isolated in large quantity.

Animals↗