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Biomedical subjects

M E Broome

Publications and source records attributed to M E Broome.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The consent process and children.

Traditionally, recommendations and procedures for obtaining consent and assent from children to participate in research have varied somewhat from institution to institution. At least some of this inconsistency can be attributed to a lack of consensus on what consent means when applied to individuals less than 18 years of age. Developmental theories provide some rationale for reconsidering the arbitrary age limit of 18 years for informed consent. In this article, the concepts of consent and assent are discussed relative to developmental characteristics of children and adolescents and implications for consent and assent procedures are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The use of distraction and imagery with children during painful procedures.

The effectiveness of a pediatric pain management program was examined using a multiple case study design. This study examined both the children's pain experience during cancer treatment, as well as their parents' anxiety and behavioral stress. Fourteen children were videotaped while receiving lumbar punctures during an 8-12 month period. Baseline data were obtained at the first of three visits prior to the introduction of relaxation, imagery, and distraction exercises. Self-ratings of child fear and parent anxiety, videotaped observations of child and parent behavior, and child pain ratings were obtained at all three visits. The children's behavioral responses to the procedure varied considerably, but their fear scores were stable and their reports of pain decreased over time. Parents reported high-trait, low-state anxiety scores that were stable over time. They were observed to be very supportive during the procedures. Implications for further research in this area and recommendations for practice are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of pain: self-report strategies.

There are many options available to measure a child's self-report of pain. Many factors should be considered when choosing a scale, including previous testing, ease of administration, age of the child, and type of pain experience. When selecting a measure, it is important to pretest it with a sample similar to that in the proposed study to evaluate these factors.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Research subjects: yours, mine, or ours?

Involving staff in research will improve communication and heighten interest of nurses in research. Hopefully, this sharing will result in more research questions to be asked by researchers than are relevant to clinical practice. Also, sharing will encourage and facilitate the development of research-based practice and contribute to more varied and skilled research teams. Such collaborative activities between clinicians and nurses will further acquaint each group with the other's world and ultimately improve patient care and expand nursing science. Ultimately, these relationships will increase researchers' investment in clinical care and clinicians' research savvy and confidence.

Communication↗
PubMed1989

Maternal presence, childrearing practices, and children's response to an injection.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal presence or absence and childrearing practices on young children's response to an injection. One hundred thirty-eight mothers and their children, who were attending health screening clinic, were assigned to one of four groups in which mothers were either present or absent during an interview and an immunization. Mothers were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their childrearing practices. Child behavior was observed during both the interview and the immunization. Results indicated that while maternal presence was associated with the children behaving more distressed during the interview, maternal presence had no effect on child behavior during the immunization. Children whose mothers reported high levels of both control and warmth in their relationship (authoritative parents) were found to be significantly less distressed during the immunization than children of either the low-control, high-warmth (permissive), high-control, low-warmth (authoritarian) or low-control, low-warmth (nonresponsive) parent groups.

Authoritarianism↗
PubMed1989

A descriptive analysis of the pediatric pain management research.

A meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the overall effect as well as scope of pediatric pain management research. The findings of this meta-analysis as related to effect size and methodologic characteristics are reported elsewhere. In describing the scope, the authors found that the majority of pediatric pain management research focused on the preparation of relatively well children for acute pain experiences of short duration. The interventions reported consisted of strategies that attempted to increase the cognitive, affective, and/or biophysical skills of the child experiencing pain. Behavioral, self-report, and physiologic measures were used to ascertain children's response to the painful experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between a preceptorship experience and role socialization of graduate nurses.

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effect of preceptorship on the socialization of the baccalaureate graduate nurse into roles of professional nurses. Two groups, one having a preceptorship experience in the final quarter of their baccalaureate program (n = 33) and one having the traditional course (n = 33), participated in the study. Both groups completed Schwerian's Six-Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance on three testing occasions: prior to the course, immediately following the course, and the six months after graduation. There was a significant interaction effect between group and time. The preceptor group at the 6-month follow-up scored significantly higher on four of the six subscales as well as on the overall socialization instrument.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Promoting the young child's development in the intensive care unit.

Young children are much more emotionally vulnerable to hospitalization than are adults. The admission of a child to an intensive care unit (ICU) is stress-producing and can affect the child's ability to develop at an optimal level. This article provides the ICU nurse with a working knowledge of normal growth and developmental patterns of infants and toddlers. Internal strengths of the child, external supports, and environmental manipulation that the nurse can use to promote the critically ill child's growth and development and support the child in coping with hospitalization are presented. Discussion centers on the child experiencing an acute crisis that requires long-term intensive monitoring, rather than on the chronically ill child.

Child Care↗