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Biomedical subjects

M Doi

Publications and source records attributed to M Doi.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A low prevalence of coronary heart disease among subjects with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, including those with plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Use of genetic analysis may improve the predictive value of risk factors for disease. A high plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a strong negative risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency causes increased levels of HDL cholesterol. However, recent studies suggest that CETP deficiency is a risk factor for CHD despite elevated HDL cholesterol levels. METHODS: Plasma lipid levels, CHD prevalence, resting electrocardiograms, and common CETP gene mutations were analyzed cross-sectionally in a population of 19,044 male and 29,487 female Japanese subjects (ages 45-79 years). RESULTS: High HDL cholesterol levels (serum HDL cholesterol >/=80 mg/dl, >/=95th percentile) were found in 6 and 5% of Japanese men and women, respectively. In the group with HDL cholesterol >/=80 mg/dl, common CETP gene mutations were identified in 23-24% of men and 31-49% of women. The prevalence of CHD in the group with high HDL cholesterol (>/=80 mg/dl) was low among both men (1.0%) and women (1.3%). There was no difference in CHD prevalence between hyper-HDL-cholesterolemic subjects with and without CETP mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with very high HDL levels (HDL cholesterol >/=80 mg/dl) as well as mild-to-moderate HDL elevations (60-79 mg/dl) appear to be protected against CHD, whether or not they have CETP deficiency, a genetic cause of elevated HDL.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory effects of sevoflurane used in combination with nitrous oxide and surgical stimulation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the respiratory effects of sevoflurane anesthesia with and without nitrous oxide (N2O) during surgical stimulation. DESIGN: Randomized study. SETTING: Operating theater at a university hospital. PATIENTS: 10 patients scheduled for minor head or neck surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Sevoflurane anesthesia was administered alone or in combination with N2O. After basal measurements were recorded, the following end-tidal anesthetic concentrations were administered: Group 1 = 1.3 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane alone; Group 2 = 0.9 MAC sevoflurane with 0.4 MAC N2O; Group 3 = 1.5 MAC sevoflurane alone; Group 4 = 1.1 MAC sevoflurane with 0.4 MAC N2O. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: PaCO2, minute volume (VE), respiratory rate, tidal volume (VT), percentage of rib cage contribution to tidal volume (%RC), rate of inspiratory time in a breath cycle (TI/Ttot, where TI = inspiratory time and Ttot = tidal respiratory time), and mean inspired flow (VT/TI) were measured. The substitution of 0.4 MAC N2O for sevoflurane decreased PaCO2 and increased VE, with a consequent increase in VT. At 1.3 MAC sevoflurane-N2O anesthesia, spontaneous respiration maintained PaCO2 at appropriate levels (42.7 +/- 3.6 mmHg). At 1.3 MAC sevoflurane alone and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane-N2O anesthesia, spontaneous respiration was moderately depressed. Sevoflurane and N2O combined did not change %RC or TI/Ttot. CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane administered at an appropriate anesthetic depth maintained spontaneous respiration at acceptable levels during surgical stimulation, especially when combined with N2O.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central retinal vein occlusion during remission of ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Retinal vascular disease is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis. CASE: We report a patient who developed unilateral nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) (papillophlebitis) without any other retinal vascular disease during remission of ulcerative colitis. OBSERVATIONS: The best-corrected visual acuities were 1.5 OD and 0.7 OS. Dilated and tortuous retinal veins and retinal bleeding were seen in the left eye. Macular edema and leakage from the papilla and the retinal veins of the left eye were evident on fluorescein angiography. After increased dosage of systemic prednisolone was prescribed, the retinal vascular changes resulting from CRVO (papillophlebitis) in the left eye gradually abated. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal vascular diseases should be monitored during both remission and activation of intestinal symptoms of ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung in autopsy cases.

BACKGROUND: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is a possible precursor lesion of adenocarcinoma of the lung, but very few reports of AAH have focused on the autopsy lung. METHODS: We intended to clarify the characteristics of AAH in the general population by using 207 autopsy cases, ranging in age from 0 to 90 years old. RESULTS: A total of 179 eligible cases (86.5%) and 1265 tissue slides (7.0 per case) was examined independently by two pathologists. One hundred seventy-nine autopsy cases consisted of 125 males and 54 females, whose median ages were 38 (range 0-90) and 31 (range 0-81) years old, respectively. AAH was microscopically found in five of 179 autopsy cases (2.8%). The male/female ratio was 5/0 and age distribution was 52-63 years of age (median 57). One of five cases with AAH harbored esophageal carcinoma, but the others had no present or previous malignant neoplasm. One of five lesions was high grade and the others were low grade. All five cases showed positive immunoreactivity for proSP-C, a type II pneumocytes marker, but not for p53, Ki-67 or CEA. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AAH was very low in the general autopsy cases, as compared with the previously reported surgically resected lung and senile autopsy cases, and AAH seems to occur after middle age in general.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of oral fluconazole in tinea pedis of the hyperkeratotic type. Stratum corneum levels.

In this study, in addition to studying the efficacy and safety of the once-daily administration of 100-mg capsules of fluconazole over an 8-week administration period with six patients with hyperkeratotic-type tinea pedis, we also measured the serum and horny layer concentrations of fluconazole to study the mobility into the horny layer in diseased areas of the sole skin. The final overall efficacy and overall safety were both 100% (six out of six), and no side-effects, including abnormal laboratory changes, were observed in any of the patients. The drug mobility study revealed that in the horny layer of the skin a steady state was reached after 4 weeks of administration, with the mean concentration being 12.8 micrograms g-1. This concentration was a high concentration that was no less than 13 times the geometric mean MIC (0.972 microgram ml-1) for fresh clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum. Based on the above results, fluconazole is considered to be highly useful for treating various kinds of dermatomycosis, including hyperkeratotic-type tinea pedis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of tinea barbae successfully treated with terbinafine.

Terbinafine was remarkably effective in tinea barbae due to Trichophyton rubrum on the cheek in front of the right ear in a 75-year-old man. This patient also showed tinea pedis and unguium, but these were due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes and were unrelated to the tinea in the cheek. This patient showed an atypical clinical picture slightly different from that during the initial visit, requiring histological differentiation from trichophytic granuloma.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary vasculature in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a morphometric study.

The pulmonary vascular alterations of seven patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) were morphometrically examined, and the relation between the vascular alterations and morphological status of the hearts was studied. Most patients with IDC showed not only fibrous thickening of small pulmonary veins but also intimal circumferential fibrosis and medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary muscular arteries to various degrees. The histological features of the pulmonary vessels were compatible with hypertensive vascular changes observed in patients with mitral stenosis. There was a significant correlation between medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary muscular arteries and right ventricular hypertrophy. The pulmonary vascular changes in IDC were always associated with left atrioventricular dilatation, but were only found in patients with prominent hypertrophy of the left ventricles. Medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary muscular arteries was related more to left ventricular hypertrophy than to left ventricular dilatation. These findings suggest that the pulmonary vascular changes in IDC are caused by venous pulmonary hypertension, which may be developed at the late stage when left ventricular hypertrophy predominates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrathecal administration of thrombin inhibitor ameliorates cerebral vasospasm. Use of a drug delivery system releasing hirudin.

The role of thrombin as a spasmogen after subarachnoid hemorrhage was evaluated using the intrathecally administered thrombin inhibitor hirudin, released from a drug delivery system (DDS) based on collagen in a canine vasospasm model. The DDS was implanted into the cisterna magna with autologous blood in the hirudin-treated group. The reduction in the angiographical diameter of the basilar artery was only 19% in the hirudin-treated group on day 7, showing a significant difference between hirudin-treated and nontreated groups (p < 0.01). These results suggest that thrombin is an important cause of vasospasm. The collagen DDS has great potential for treatment in the cerebrospinal fluid milieu.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secular trends in atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and basal cerebral arteries in Japan. The Akita pathology study.

The atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries and basal cerebral arteries in the circle of Willis were examined in the bodies of decreased men ages 30 and over who had been admitted to a local hospital in northeast Japan during 1966 to 1974 (243 men) and 1975 to 1984 (602 men). The autopsy rates during the two periods were 86% and 89%, respectively. The extent of atherosclerosis was determined blindly by one pathologist using a grading method of cross-sectional stenosis scoring for coronary arteries and Baker's method for basal cerebral arteries. The age-adjusted mean scores for atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries and basal cerebral arteries were 30% and 42% lower, respectively, in the 1975 to 1984 period than in the 1966 to 1974 period (p less than 0.001). There was also a fall in age-adjusted blood pressure levels at admission: 10 mm Hg for systolic and 4 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001). The opposite trend was seen in mean serum cholesterol: a rise from 171 mg/dl to 177 mg/dl (p = 0.018). Linear regression analysis indicated that blood pressure was positively associated with both atherosclerosis scores, controlling for age and serum cholesterol in both time periods (p less than 0.001). The association of serum cholesterol with the atherosclerosis scores was positive in both periods and statistically significant in 1975 to 1984. Similar findings were obtained when the analyses were conducted for cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction and stroke) and for noncardiovascular disease, separately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗