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Biomedical subjects

M Dawson

Publications and source records attributed to M Dawson.

180 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving breast self-examination compliance: a Southwest Oncology Group randomized trial of three interventions.

BACKGROUND: Only 20-40% of U.S. women conduct breast self-examination (BSE). This Southwest Oncology Group experimental study compared the impact of three interventions on BSE compliance. METHODS: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three arms: (1) physician message; (2) physician message and BSE class; or (3) physician message, BSE class, and reinforcement (phone and postcard). Compliance (frequency and accuracy) was measured by interview at intake and at 6 months and by phone contact at 1 year. Logistic and multiple regression were employed. RESULTS: This analysis included 2,233 subjects from six institutions. At 1 year the percentages of women doing BSE were 59, 62, and 78% for Arms 1-3, respectively; gains over intake frequency (27% average) were significant within each arm (P < or = 0.0001). At both 6 months and 1 year the differences between Arm 1 and Arm 2 average accuracy scores and the differences between Arm 2 and Arm 3 in the percentage of women doing BSE were significant (P < or = 0.0001). Findings within institutions were consistent with the overall findings. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a BSE class increased accuracy over physician message alone; physician message, BSE class, and reinforcement gave the highest percentage of women doing BSE.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

4-Amino-3-(3'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-thioureido)benzophenone, a prodrug of mebendazole.

The compound 4-amino-3-(3'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-thioureido) benzophenone has shown promise as a prodrug of the anthelmintic mebendazole. The compound is stable in acid and neutral media and is rapidly hydrolysed in base. An HPLC assay procedure for mebendazole, the prodrug and their known or expected metabolites and degradation products in aqueous media and rat blood has been developed. The prodrug administrated orally to rats is rapidly converted to mebendazole. The area under the blood level versus time curve of mebendazole, in rats dosed with the prodrug, is more than twice that obtained after dosing rats with an equimolar amount of mebendazole. Only the prodrug, mebendazole and known metabolites of mebendazole are detected in rats dosed with the prodrug.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maedi-visna and sheep pulmonary adenomatosis: a study of concurrent infection.

The transmission of maedi-visna (MV) virus was studied within two groups of sheep, one of which was also affected with sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (SPA). Serological monitoring of sheep kept in contact with both groups indicated that MV virus replication occurred to a greater extent in the group with both diseases, three of five in-contact sheep being seropositive after 1 year's exposure compared with none of six held with MV-virus-only infected lambs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and immunological responses of ewes following vaccination with an experimental formalin-inactivated Chlamydia psittaci (ovis) vaccine and subsequent challenge with the live organism during pregnancy.

The protection afforded by an experimental, killed, adjuvanted vaccine derived from the A22 strain of Chlamydia psittaci (ovis) against ovine enzootic abortion was studied. The vaccine was used undiluted (group A), at a dilution of 10(-3) (group B) and at a dilution of 10(-6) (group C). A fourth control group (group D) was inoculated with all components of the vaccine except the chlamydial antigen. A group of rams (group R) was also vaccinated with the chlamydial antigen diluted to 10(-3). Animals were challenged 70 days after mating with the A22 strain of C. psittaci (ovis) and were studied throughout pregnancy and the subsequent lambing period. Their cell-mediated immune responses were examined using a skin test and their humoral immune responses were studied using an ELISA. Tests for excretion of chlamydiae in their faeces and genital tract during pregnancy and after parturition and in the faeces of their lambs were made. The reproductive performance of the ewes was assessed by calculating the average weight of lambs produced per ewe in each group. The experimental vaccine protected the ewes in groups A and B against challenge with C. psittaci (ovis) as none showed clinical signs of OEA or excreted chlamydiae. The average weight of lambs produced per ewe in both groups was greater than 4 kg. Both groups seroconverted after vaccination but not all of them were positive to the skin test. The experimental vaccine at 10(-6) dilution of antigen did not protect the ewes as three of 10 ewes displayed clinical OEA and excreted chlamydiae in the products of parturition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epizootic bovine abortion in a dairy herd: characterization of a Chlamydia psittaci isolate and antibody response.

A chlamydial agent was recovered from the placental cotyledons of an aborting cow from a 100-cow dairy herd in Cumbria. Immunoblotting analysis of purified elementary bodies of the isolate revealed a reactivity pattern typical of serotype I Chlamydia psittaci strains. Nucleotide sequencing of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene further confirmed the isolate, BA1, as a serotype I strain. The sequence was identical to that of the type strain of ovine enzootic abortion, B577. In both the antigenic and MOMP sequencing analyses BA1 was distinguishable from serotype II C. pecorum strains. A sequential series of sera obtained from the aborting cow, from which BA1 was recovered, was analysed by immunoblotting against the homologous isolate, and demonstrated reactivity to major chlamydial antigens over a 110-day period. Close contact between ruminant species on the farm suggested that the C. psittaci strain may have been transmitted to cattle from infected sheep.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The neuropathology of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the pig.

In an experimental study of the transmissibility of BSE to the pig, seven of 10 pigs, infected at 1-2 weeks of age by multiple-route parenteral inoculation with a homogenate of bovine brain from natural BSE cases developed lesions typical of spongiform encephalopathy. The lesions consisted principally of severe neuropil vacuolation affecting most areas of the brain, but mainly the forebrain. In addition, some vacuolar change was identified in the rostral colliculi and hypothalamic areas of normal control pigs. PrP accumulations were detected immunocytochemically in the brains of BSE-infected animals. PrP accumulation was sparse in many areas and its density was not obviously related to the degree of vacuolation. The patterns of PrP immunolabelling in control pigs differed strikingly from those in the infected animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gait initiation, development of a measuring device for use in a clinical environment.

Gait initiation is a part of daily mobility, its restoration thus plays a major role in the rehabilitation of hemiparetic patients that have a higher risk of falling. This study presents a clinically applicable system for the analysis of gait initiation of healthy persons and hemiparetic patients. For this purpose we have analysed the triaxial ground reaction forces yielding the displacement of the centre of pressure (CP) and, with a two-fold integration of ground reaction forces, the centre of mass (CM). These are descriptive parameters of the dynamics and symmetry of gait initiation that could predict the risk of falling. Hemiparetic patients showed a distinct behaviour when starting either with their affected or non-affected limb. Future applications include individual assessment of patients with gait disabilities and validation of physiotherapy strategies.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
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Specific immunity. 1.

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Antibody Formation↗
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Specific immunity. 2.

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Antibody Formation↗
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Immunology.

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Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of chlorhexidine on Madin Darby canine kidney cells.

Sheets of MDCK cells were severely damaged by the commonly used antiseptic, chlorhexidine. Damage was indicated by changes in the characteristic blister formation normally observed in sheets of these cells growing on the base of culture flasks. Results are given for reduction in blister number with increasing chlorhexidine concentration. Damage was indicated also by increasing transport of radiolabeled inulin across the sheets after treatment with increasing concentrations of chlorhexidine. The mechanism of chlorhexidine damage is discussed. The conclusion is that chlorhexidine could be an important contributory factor in the failure of ultrafiltration in peritoneal mesothelial cells, and its use should be avoided with magnesium-containing dialysis fluids in kidney-failure patients.

Animals↗