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Biomedical subjects

M David

Publications and source records attributed to M David.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disorders of sexual differentiation in infants and children. Physiopathological studies (author's transl)].

A series of 100 cases is presented : 34 female and 66 male pseudohermaphrodites (MPH). Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and its precursors have been made in basal conditions and in the MPHs after hCG stimulation test. In spite of detailed hormonal, anatomical and chromosomal studies no etiological diagnosis was made in about half the MPHs. In 45% of those, the response to hCG was inadequate suggesting that ambiguous development of the genital ducts, urogenital sinus and external genitalia is associated with a wide spectrum of defective testicular gonadogenesis. The endocrine function of these dysgenetic testes may worsen with age. Determination of T and several of its precursors is essential for the correct diagnosis of inborn errors in testicular biosynthesis which was made thrice by systematic study of so-called simple hypospadias. It is suggested that systematic hormonal study should be made in all children, and preferably newborn, with ambiguous genitalia associated with micropenis or bilateral cryptorchidism.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["Salmonella typhi" resistant to chloramphenicol isolated north of Lisbon (author's transl)].

Thirteen strains of Salmonella typhi phage type A/Tan isolated in a typhoid endemic zone north to Lisbon (November 1977-June 1979) showed a low chloramphenicol resistance (MIC = 32 microgram/ml). None of these strains could transfer chloramphenicol resistance at 28 or 37 degrees C. Production of chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase by these strains could not be demonstrated. No extrachromosomal DNA was detected by agarose-gel electrophoresis. A chromosomal resistance mechanism is postulated which could act on the permeation system.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Undesirable effects of drugs. Epidemiologic study at a psychiatric service of a university hospital].

The authors reviewed the drug side effects observed in their ward during the 5 last years (1988-92). These alleged effects occurred at a very low incidence, 3 per cent, (116 cases on 3809 hospitalizations). As mentioned in the literature, the occurrence was higher in females (60 per cent), than in males. The age seemed not to be a risk factor in that population, the mean age being 44 for the men and 45 for the women. All side effects disappeared after decreasing or stopping the suspected drug. In 6 cases the suspected drug was not a psychotropic agent. The authors presented some of the more often reported cases, and some of the more recently known, such as extrapyramidal side effects with antidepressants, increase of the libido with serotonergic antidepressants. The problem fo polytherapy is discussed. In half (59/116) of the cases there was a psychotropic association. The side effect may be due to a pharmacokinetic interaction in 16 cases, either with enzymatic inhibitors like dextropropoxyphene, valpromide, valproic acid, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine, or with enzymatic inducers like carbamazepine. The authors compared the side effects of the antidepressants mainly used in their ward (amitriptyline, clomipramine, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Guidelines for measurement of blood pressure, follow-up, and lifestyle counselling. Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control.

As part of the Coalition's mandate to promote the prevention and control of high blood pressure in Canada, an interdisciplinary Workgroup was established to review and update the existing standards (1987) for blood pressure measurement and referral guidelines. The intent was to prepare a scientifically based document which contained practical guidelines for the measurement of blood pressure and criteria for follow-up, and one which promoted the concept of cardiovascular health in the assessment and interpretation of blood pressure readings. These guidelines were primarily developed to assist primary health care providers and/or clinicians to assess, monitor, counsel, refer, and develop treatment plans for adults-at-risk for high blood pressure or those with the confirmed diagnosis of hypertension. Readers are referred to The Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference series (Canadian Medical Association Journal 1993) for specific guidelines on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension. The document is divided into three sections: 1. Measurement of blood pressure 2. Criteria for follow-up 3. Guidelines for lifestyle counselling Each section cites the references used in developing the guidelines and where relevant, identifies other resources which can be used in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Beneficial effect of sulfasalazine in spondylarthropathy in 2 patients with HIV infection].

Two HIV-positive males aged 27 and 30 years, respectively, developed spondyloarthropathy with axial and appendicular joint involvement and recurrent diarrhea. Neither patient was able to discontinue nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Consequently, sulfasalazine was given in a daily dosage of 2 grams. Improvements in symptoms occurred in both patients within one month of initiation of sulfasalazine and persisted subsequently. No adverse effects were recorded. Although they require confirmation, these data suggest that sulfasalazine is of use for treating HIV-associated spondylarthropathies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of UVB and AS101 on interleukin-2 production and helper activity in psoriatic patients.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from eight untreated patients suffering from long-standing plaque-type psoriasis 1 h following UVB treatment and at the end of 15 UVB treatments. Before treatment and following in vivo treatment with 0.01-0.3 J/cm2, the patients' lymphocytes were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and helper activity with and without addition of the immunomodulator AS101. AS101 is a synthetic organotellurium compound, ammonium trichloro-(O,O'-dioxyethylene) tellurate. UVB at a flow of 0.01 J/cm2 did not affect any of these functions. However, after 15 UVB treatments, when the dose given had reached 0.3 J/cm2, a complete inhibition of IL-2 production and helper activity was observed. In vitro addition of AS101 at 0.1 micrograms/ml to the in vivo UVB-treated lymphocytes raised IL-2 production to approximately double the initial level, and improved the helper activity of CD4 cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fathers in the labor room--a survey before and after delivery].

Meanwhile the attendance of fathers in the labour room is common. From 1. 7. 90-15. 10. 91 510 German fathers were interviewed before and 45' after labour. In comparison a smaller number (n = 56) of fathers were questioned who had decided not to attend. The evaluated data was split in the following three categories: 1. pre-post comparison; 2. "participants" and "non-participants" comparison; 3. special problems. The most mentioned reason for participation (over 85%) was the positive influence on the women. More then 70% of the attendants even wanted to support their wives during complicated delivery and surgical interventions. Approximately 5% of the fathers attending a clinic delivery would then prefer a home delivery because they more or less felt as a substitute to medical personnel. Non participants evidently were anxious due to missing preparation and information about the parturition. Sometimes the women desired no participation of their partners. About 23% of the men decided to attend labour just before birth. Practical recommendations are given and the change in the point of view of the fathers during course of labour is presented in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal loss associated with caffeine intake before and during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if caffeine intake before and during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for fetal loss. DESIGN: Incidence-density case-control study. SETTING: University-affiliated obstetric and pediatric hospital in Montréal, Québec. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 331 women with fetal loss and 993 controls with a normal pregnancy at the same period of pregnancy as the case. OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for fetal loss were estimated using conditional logistic regression. A trend test for increasing caffeine intake was also used. RESULTS: Caffeine intake was divided into quartiles; the baseline for comparison was less than 48 mg per day. The adjusted ORs for fetal loss associated with caffeine intake before pregnancy were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.95) for 48 to 162 mg; 1.37 (95% CI, 0.92 to 2.04) for 163 to 321 mg; and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.89) for more than 321 mg. The same comparisons were made for caffeine intake during pregnancy, and the respective adjusted ORs were 1.15 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.63), 1.95 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.93), and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.38 to 5.01). After controlling for confounding factors, there was a strong association of caffeine intake during pregnancy and fetal loss, compatible with a linear trend on the logistic scale in which ORs increased by a factor of 1.22 (1.10 to 1.34) for each 100 mg of caffeine ingested daily during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine intake before and during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of fetal loss, supporting the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation to pregnant women, largely based on animal studies, to reduce their caffeine intake.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗