Isoprenoid quinone composition as a guide to the classification of Listeria, Brochothrix, Erysipelothrix and Caryophanon.
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Bacteria↗
Biomedical subjects
M D Collins
Publications and source records attributed to M D Collins.
The distribution of isoprenoid quinones in streptococci of serological groups D and N.
The isoprenoid quinone contents of streptococci of serological groups D and N were investigated. Streptococcus faecalis, S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens and S. faecalis subsp. zymogenes strains contained demethylmenaquinones with nine isoprene units as their major isoprenologues. Menaquinones with eight isoprene units predominated in S. faecium subsp. casseliflavus and S. faecium subsp. mobilis whereas menaquinones with nine isoprene units constituted the major components in strains of S. cremoris, S. cremoris subsp. alactosus, S. lactis and S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis. Strains of S. avium, S. bovis, S. durans, S. equinus, S. faecium, S. raffinolactis and S. suis contained neither menaquinones nor ubiquinones. The isoprenoid quinone data correlate well with other kinds of data on these organisms and are of value in the classification of these bacteria.
Enterococcus faecalis↗
Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria.
Menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 48 corynebacteria and actinomycete strains examined. Dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from Gordona, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium glutamicum and a strain labelled Nocardia farcinica, but dihydromenaquinones having eight isoprene units were characteristic of other Corynebacterium species and representatives of the 'rhodochrous' complex. Tetrahydromenaquinones having six and eight isoprene units were found in Nocardia strains and in a single strain of Micropolyspora brevicatena, which also contained mycolic acids similar in chain length to those of Nocardia. Menaquinones having nine isoprene units with from one to five double bonds hydrogenated were the main components in Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Micropolyspora faeni, Oerskovia turbata and Streptomyces strains. Actinomadura dassonvillei strains had a characteristic pattern of di-, tetra- and hexahydromenaquinones with 10 isoprene units which was slightly different from the pattern in mixtures of similar quinones from Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces viscosus.
Corynebacterium↗
Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of mycolic acid and other long-chain components in whole-organism methanolysates of coryneform and related taxa.
Acid methanolysates of strains representing 58 coryneform taxa were examined for mycolic acids and other long-chain constituents by thin-layer chromatography. Mycolic esters were detected in the methanolysates of true corynebacteria but not in those from plant pathogenic bacteria, Corynebacterium haemolyticum, Corynebacterium pyogenes or from representatives of the genera Arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Curtobacterium, Kurthia or Oerskovia. Thin-layer chromatography of whole-organism methanolysates provides a simple method for distinguishing true corynebacteria from coryneforms which do not contain mycolic acids, and from nocardiae and mycobacteria which produce mycolic acids of different mobility. At present the mycolic esters of true corynebacteria cannot be clearly separated from those of some rhodochrous strains.
Actinomycetales↗
Light deprivation and sensory reinforced behavior in chicks.
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Animals↗
Molecular identification of rRNA group 3 bacilli (Ash, Farrow, Wallbanks and Collins) using a PCR probe test. Proposal for the creation of a new genus Paenibacillus.
Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis has demonstrated that the genus Bacillus consists of at least five phyletic lines. rRNA group 3 bacilli of Ash, Farrow, Wallbanks and Collins (1991) comprising Bacillus polymyxa and close relatives is phylogenetically so removed from Bacillus subtilis, the type species of the genus and other aerobic, endospore-forming bacilli that they warrant reclassification in a new genus Paenibacillus. The genus Paenibacillus can be readily distinguished from other Bacillus groups using a battery of phenotypic characters and a highly specific gene probe based on 16S rRNA.
Bacillus↗
Genetic interrelationships of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and F and other members of the Clostridium botulinum complex as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences.
The phylogenetic interrelationships of members of the Clostridium botulinum complex of species was investigated by direct sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences demonstrated the presence of four phylogenetically distinct lineages corresponding to: i) proteolytic C. botulinum types A, B, and F, and C. sporogenes, ii) saccharolytic types B, E and F, iii) types C and D and C. novyi type A, and iv) type G and C. subterminale. The phylogenetic groupings obtained from the 16S rRNA were in complete agreement with the four divisions recognised within the the 'species complex' on the basis of phenotypic criteria.
Base Sequence↗
Studies on the large subunit ribosomal RNA genes and intergenic spacer regions of non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum types B, E and F.
The large-subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (23S rRNA) genes of non-proteolytic (group II) strains of Clostridium botulinum toxin types B, E and F were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and cloned in Escherichia coli. Sequence determination showed that the 23S rRNA genes were 2910 nucleotides in length, and comparative analysis revealed approximately 99.5% sequence similarity. The 23S rRNA gene sequence of a strain phenotypically resembling non-proteolytic C. botulinum, except in not producing botulinal neurotoxin, was also determined and displayed 99.5% sequence similarity with those from toxigenic strains. A diagnostic sequence within the 23S rRNA characteristic for non-proteolytic C. botulinum was identified and used for the design of an oligonucleotide probe. Molecular hybridizations with PCR-amplified rDNA targets provided a precise and reliable method of identifying non-proteolytic (or Group II) C. botulinum and closely related non-toxigenic strains.
Base Sequence↗
Surgical repair of ruptured alteral ankle ligaments.
Fifty-two of 86 repaired lateral ankle ligaments were reevaluated 3 to 53 months after surgery. Ninety-eight percent were functionally stable. Mechanical stability was determined by talar tilt measurement on "stress roentgenographs". This was found to be a reliable predictor of degree of injury and postoperative symptomatology. Surgical repair in selected cases is recommended to assure mechanical and functional stability.
Adolescent↗
Streptococcus parasanguinis: new pathogen associated with asymptomatic mastitis in sheep.
We describe two unusual cases in sheep of subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus parasanguinis. This bacterium has been associated with the development of experimental endocarditis; its presence at relatively high concentrations in apparently healthy sheep milk may pose a health risk in persons with predisposing heart lesions.
Animals↗
Mycobacterium genavense infection in canaries.
A case of mycobacteriosis in a collection of canaries (Serinus canarius) is described. The affected birds showed nonspecific clinical signs and macroscopic lesions (slight splenomegaly). Histologic lesions found in liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys consisted of noncaseous nodules containing accumulations of large macrophages that showed a highly vacuolated cytoplasm in which numerous acid-fast organisms were detected. Attempts to isolate and culture the organisms using Löwenstein-Jensen and Coletsos media proved unsuccessful. Microorganisms belonging to the species Mycobacterium genavense were identified by means of polymerase chain reaction techniques in hepatic tissue from both birds. This finding confirms the existence of fastidiously growing mycobacterial infections, other than Mycobacterium avium, in birds.
Animals↗