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Biomedical subjects

M D Collins

Publications and source records attributed to M D Collins.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov.

Biochemical and chemotaxonomical studies were performed on some streptococci from frozen peas and bovine mastitis in an attempt to clarify their taxonomy. The results of the present and earlier studies indicate the pea and mastitis isolates represent two new species of the genus Streptococcus. The isolates from frozen peas are named Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. and those from mastitis, Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. The type strains are NCDO 1869 and NCDO 2155, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Taxonomic studies on some group D streptococci.

Biochemical, menaquinone, fatty acid and DNA analyses were conducted on a number of streptococci of serological group D. The results indicate that S. faecalis, S. faeclum, S. casseliflavus and taxa previously designated 'S. avium', 'S. durans' and "S. faecalis var. malodoratus' are distinct species. Strains previously labelled 'S. faecium var. mobilis' were shown to be identical with S. casseliflavus. The results also indicate that some group D streptococci recently isolated from chickens constitute a new species.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1982

A survey of the structures of mycolic acids in Corynebacterium and related taxa.

Acid methanolysates of 104 strains of coryneform and related bacteria were examined for mycolic acids by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. The mycolic acids of Corynebacterium sensu stricto strains were not uniform in size and structure, and considerable variation existed within the approximate limiting range of C22 to C36. Two species, Corynebacterium bovis and 'Corynebacterium mycetoides', were particularly distinctive; the former had exceptionally low molecular weight mycolic acids (C22 to C32), whereas the latter contained major amounts of mycolates with a side-chain possessing an odd number of carbon atoms. Caseobacter polymorphus contained mycolic acids of a similar size (C30 to C36) to those of true corynebacteria. The mycolates of organisms assigned to the genus Rhodococcus were generally larger (C30 to C56), although a clear distinction between two corynebacteria and rhodococci cannot presently be made by analysis of mycolic acids alone. Strains labelled 'Arthrobacter roseoparaffinus', Corynebacterium equi and Corynebacterium hoagii contained mycolic esters with molecular weights 'intermediate' in size between those of true corynebacteria and rhodococci. The mycolic acid data correlate well with other major trends in coryneform taxonomy and support earlier suggestions that they are of value in the classification of the group.

Arthrobacter↗
PubMed1982

Fatty acid composition of some mycolic acid-containing coryneform bacteria.

The fatty acid profiles of 74 strains of mycolic acid-containing coryneform bacteria were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. All of the strains contained major amounts of straight-chain and monounsaturated fatty acids although some also possessed substantial amounts of 10-methyloctadecanoic acid. Iso- and anteiso-branched acids were not present. Five distinct fatty acid patterns were evident: (i) Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis and 'C. ulcerans' strains contained major amounts of hexadecanoic and hexadecenoic acids; (ii) C. glutamicum, C. xerosis and related saprophytic and animal-associated strains, predominantly hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids; (iii) C. bovis, major amounts of octadecenoic and 10-methyloctadecanoic acids; (iv) 'C. mycetoides', significant amounts of heptadecanoic acid as well as hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids; and (v) strains related to Rhodococcus possessed significant quantities of 10-methyloctadecanoic acid in addition to straight-chain and monounsaturated acids.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1982

Chemical studies as a guide to the classification of Corynebacterium pyogenes and "Corynebacterium haemolyticum".

The peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium pyogenes and "Corynebacterium haemolyticum" contained lysine as the dibasic amino acid. In addition, glutamic acid and alanine were detected in the hydrolysates. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of whole-organism methanolysates of C. pyogenes and "C. haemolyticum" revealed the presence of single spots corresponding to simple non-hydroxylated fatty acid methyl esters. The major fatty acid structural types were straight-chain and monounsaturated acids. Menaquinones (vitamin K) were the sole respiratory quinones detected in C. pyogenes and "C. haemolyticum". The major menaquinone components in C. pyogenes were tetrahydrogenated with ten isoprene units. Tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units, however, predominated in "C. haemolyticum". The results of the present study indicate that C. pyogenes should be excluded from the genus Corynebacterium: C. pyogenes can be accommodated in the genus Actinomyces but the taxonomic position of "C.haemolyticum " remains equivocal.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Reclassification of Corynebacterium pyogenes (Glage) in the genus Actinomyces, as Actinomyces pyogenes comb.nov.

Corynebacterium pyogenes (Glage) differs to such an extent from the type species of Corynebacterium, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Lehmann and Neumann), that it cannot be retained in this genus. Numerical phenetic and chemical data indicate a close relationship between Corynebacterium pyogenes and the species Actinomyces bovis (Harz). It is proposed that Corynebacterium pyogenes be reclassified in the genus Actinomyces, as Actinomyces pyogenes (Glage) comb.nov.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1982

Reclassification of 'Corynebacterium haemolyticum' (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) in the genus Arcanobacterium gen.nov. as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum nom.rev., comb.nov.

'Corynebacterium haemolyticum' (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) differs to such an extent from the type species of Corynebacterium, C. diphtheriae (Lehmann & Neumann), that it should be removed from this genus. Chemical and numerical phenetic data indicate that 'C. haemolyticum' is a distinct taxon worthy of generic status. A new genus, Arcanobacterium, is described for the species A. haemolyticum (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) nov.rev., comb.nov. The genus is tentatively placed within the 'coryneform group of bacteria'. The type species of the genus is Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and the type strain is ATCC 9345.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed1982

Numerical and chemical classification of Nocardia amarae.

Twenty-one strains of Nocardia amarae and marker cultures of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and the 'aurantiaca' taxon were subjected to numerical phenetic analyses using 92 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM), Jaccard (SJ) and pattern (DP) coefficients and clustering was achieved using the unweighted average linkage algorithm. Neither cluster nor aggregate cluster composition was markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error, estimated at 1.5%. The N. amarae strains formed a distinct and homogeneous cluster which showed its highest similarity to phena equated with Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis and Nocardia otitidis-caviarum. The non-hydroxylated fatty acid composition and overall size of the mycolic acids was similar to that found to be characteristic of Nocardia sensu stricto, though the long-chain in the 2-position of the mycolic acids was relatively much richer in monounsaturated components. Nocardia amarae, in containing dihydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units, is clearly distinguished from established representatives of Nocardia.

Fatty Acids↗
PubMed1982

Operative management of ligamentous injuries to the ankle.

Isolated deltoid ligament injuries are extremely rare and usually occur in combination with fractures of the lateral malleolus. These are treated by recognizing the injury complex and stabilizing the lateral side, being sure that the mortise is reduced. Injury to the lateral ankle ligament is the most common athletic injury. A small percentage of these ligament ruptures are best treated surgically. The surgery consists of replacing the torn ends of the ligament in their original position and holding them there during the early phase of their healing process.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1980

Fatty acid, isoprenoid quinone and polar lipid composition in the classification of Curtobacterium and related taxa.

Strains representing the taxa Curtobacterium, Brevibacterium saperdae, B. testaceum, Corynebacterium betae, Cor. nebraskense and Cor. oortii were degraded by acid methanolysis and the non-hydroxylated fatty acid esters released were examined by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The major fatty acids in all strains were 12-methyltetradecanoic (anteiso C15) and 14-methylhexadecanoic (anteiso C17) acids which occurred together with other anteiso, iso and straight-chain acids. Polar lipids of the test strains were examined by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. All organisms possessed very characteristic polar lipid patterns consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and a number of uncharacterized glycolipids. The menaquinone components of the test strains facilitated their division into two groups containing, respectively, nine isoprene units (viz. Curtobacterium citreum, Curt. luteum, Corynebacterium betae, Cor. flaccumfaciens, Cor. oortii, Cor. poinsettiae and Cor. nebraskense) and eleven and twelve isoprene units (viz. Brevibacterium saperdae, B. testaceum). The results of the present study indicate that the genus Curtobacterium as presently recognized is a heterogeneous taxon containing two distinct centres of variation.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1979

Isoprenoid quinones in the classification of coryneform and related bacteria.

Menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 85 of the 95 coryneform bacteria examined. Dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from Corynebacterium bovis, from other glutamic acid-producing strains, and from Arthrobacter globiformis and related species. Dihydromenaquinones with eight isoprene units were found in Brevibacterium linens, the remaining Corynebacterium species and strains probably belonging to the genus Rhodococcus. Tetrahydromenaquinones with eight isoprene units were found in Arthrobacter simplex and Arthrobacter tumescens, and with nine isoprene units in Cellulomonas and Oerskovia. Kurthia and Curtobacterium were characterized by menaquinones with seven and nine isoprene units, respectively, and Microbacterium lacticum and Corynebacterium aquaticum had comparable amounts of menaquinones with 10 and 11 isoprene units. Strains received as Brevibacterium leucinophagum, Corynebacterium autotrophicum, Corynebacterium nephridii, Mycobacterium flavum, Mycoplana rubra and Protaminobacter ruber contained uniquinones as their sole isoprenoid quinones. The isoprenoid quinone data correlate well with major trends in coryneform taxonomy and are of value in the classification of coryneform and related bacteria.

Actinomycetales↗