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Biomedical subjects

M Cremer

Publications and source records attributed to M Cremer.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Whole gut lavage for colonoscopy--a comparison between two solutions.

The clinical efficacy and patient acceptability of a new solution containing mainly sodium sulfate and polyethylene glycol (solution II) compared with a balanced standard electrolyte solution (solution I) for whole gut lavage prior to colonoscopy were evaluated in 240 ambulatory and hospital patients randomly allocated to receive either of the two solutions. On the basis of the quality and rapidity of the bowel preparation and the good results obtained by clinical and biological parameters, we found that the newly designed solution was superior.

Colonoscopy↗
PubMed1984

Endoscopic biopsies of the papilla of Vater at the time of endoscopic sphincterotomy: difficulties in interpretation.

The hypertrophic aspect of tissue after endoscopic papillotomy may suggest the diagnosis of a small periampullary tumor. In our experience of 55 periampullary carcinomas, the diagnosis was confirmed histologically in 50% of the cases before endoscopic papillotomy and in 100% of the cases when the biopsies were performed immediately after papillotomy. With this in mind, biopsies were performed in 22 cases of benign biliary tract disease after endoscopic papillotomy. Biopsies within the first 48 hours after endoscopic papillotomy showed cellular atypism.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Twin pregnancy with severe skull malformation of one twin].

If, in twin pregnancy, one twin shows severe malformation, the question arises as to how the other twin can remain unaffected. For the purpose of ensuring the diagnosis in case of suspected neural tube defect, the main diagnostic tools are sonography, biochemical methods of alpha-fetoprotein determination and acetyl cholinesterase activity, as well as cell-morphological identification of so-called "rapidly adhering cells". Parents and obstetricians face a difficult decision when confronted by the possibilities of maintaining pregnancy or of induced abortion after diagnosis of a malformed and a healthy twin. The case of a severe discordant cranial malformation is described on the basis of a case report. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Pancreatography in chronic pancreatitis: international definitions.

Terminology in classification of pancreatograms was discussed at a recent international workshop on chronic pancreatitis. A new terminology based on morphological radiographic appearances and a new classification to describe the severity and localisation of pancreatogram changes were agreed. Pancreatograms in chronic pancreatitis are graded as normal or equivocal, or as showing mild, moderate, or marked changes, either diffuse or local. It is hoped that these definitions will help communication between centres, serve as a basis for prospective and comparative studies, and facilitate computerisation.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1984

Trephine bone biopsy system: a refined needle for radiologists.

A new type of bone biopsy unit that uses standard engineering and machinery principles of self cleaning and clearance allows for greater ease and more accurate performance of biopsy. Its use consistently yields excellent biopsy material. Included is a semi-rigid K wire, which may be used with a drill, for ease of insertion and a stylet in a cannula, which allows for multiple biopsies without reinsertion. The needle is compared with standard saw tips (trephines) and sharpened cannulas.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Ifosfamide in combination chemotherapy for sarcomas and testicular carcinomas.

The efficacy of ifosfamide combination chemotherapy was studied in 164 patients, 94 with advanced testicular carcinoma and 70 with metastatic sarcoma. Ifosfamide was given at 40-60 mg/kg/day i.v. on five consecutive days every 3-4 weeks together with mesna prophylaxis with 8 mg/kg i.v. being used at 0, 4 and 8 h after ifosfamide administration. Of 70 sarcoma patients 57 were evaluable for response, of whom 49 had received prior chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 46% (26/57) including 3 complete (CR) and 14 partial remissions (PR). Ninety-four patients with germ cell tumours of the testis were treated. Of 16 seminoma patients 15 achieved CR or PR. Seventy-eight patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer who had received previous chemotherapy were either treated with ifosfamide/etoposide (n = 63, remission rate: 30%) or ifosfamide/cisplatin (n = 15, CR + PR: 33%). These results indicate that ifosfamide alone or in combination is active in sarcomas, seminomas and teratomas and that further studies are warranted employing the drug in first-line regimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Nd-YAG laser, a new palliative alternative in the management of esophageal cancer.

Ten patients with unresectable esophageal malignant tumor have been managed by Nd-YAG laser palliative therapy. Esophageal obstruction, and dysphagia, the most frequent symptoms, were relieved in all cases after periods ranging from 5 to 14 days. The mean total energy required was 26.121 watts sec-1. No serious immediate or late complication was encountered, except for one small transient bleeding without clinical repercussion. Two relapses of dysphagia were successfully managed by the same procedure. This new palliative approach has to be compared with the other available methods, surgical resection and bypass procedures, radiotherapy or endoscopic prosthetic intubation. Its high degree of effectiveness in providing rapid relief of dysphagia, and its low morbidity rate will give to laser therapy an important place in the future palliative management of esophageal cancer, either alone or in combination with other treatments.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Demonstration of astrocytes in cultured amniotic fluid cells of three cases with neural-tube defect.

We have investigated the origin of rapidly adhering (RA) cells in three cases of neural tube defects (two anencephali, one encephalocele). We were able to demonstrate the presence of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in variable percentages (4--80%) of RA cells cultured for 4--6 days by use of indirect immunofluorescence with GFA antiserum. Cells cultured from amniotic fluids of normal pregnancies and fetal fibroblasts were completely GFA protein negative. GFA protein is well established as a highly specific marker for astrocytes. Demonstration of astrocytes may prove to be a criterion of high diagnostic value for neural tube defects. The percentage of astrocytes decreased with increasing culture time, while the percentage of fibronectin positive cells increased both in amniotic fluid cell cultures from neural tube defects and normal pregnancies.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative and qualitative assay of amniotic-fluid acetylcholinesterase in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.

In 110 amniotic fluids the specific acetylcholinesterase was determined quantitatively and qualitatively. In the quantitative assay there were a considerable number of false positives and false negatives, although the mean value of the normal controls differed significantly from that of neural tube defect pregnancies. By the electrophoretic separation of acetylcholinesterase, however, all fluid samples with borderline alpha-fetoprotein levels or fetal blood contamination could be correctly classified. With the exception of one skin-covered spina bifida all neural tube defects in the second trimester could be identified by this method. The second fast-moving band characteristic of the specific acetylcholinesterase was also present in abdominal wall defects and intrauterine death.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1981

Characterization of cells of amniotic fluids by immunological identification of intermediate-sized filaments: presence of cells of different tissue origin.

Antibodies against intermediate-sized filaments, of the prekeratin or vimentin type, were used to investigate the presence of these filaments by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy in cultured and non-cultured amniotic fluid cells, in frozen sections of the placenta and in isolated cells of the amniotic epithelium. Two major classes of cells can be cultured from amniotic fluids, namely cells of epithelial origin containing filaments of the prekeratin type and cells of different origin which contain filaments of the vimentin type but are negative when tested with antibodies to epidermal prekeratin. The presence of prekeratin type filaments correlates with the morphology of colonies of amniotic fluid cell cultures in vitro as classified by Hoehn et al. (1974). Cells of E-type colonies are shown to be of epithelial origin. In contrast our data indicate a different origin of almost all cells of F-type colonies and of the large majority of cells of AF-type colonies. Cells of epithelial origin and positively stained with antibodies to epidermal prekeratin are occasionally scattered in F-type colonies and in variable percentages (up to 30%) in AF-type colonies. Surprisingly, cryostat sections of the amniotic epithelium and isolated groups of amniotic cells showed positive reactions with both antibodies to vimentin and prekeratin. The possibility that amniotic cells may be different from other epithelial cells in that they contain both types of filaments simultaneously already in situ is presently under investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Special catheters for E.R.C.P.

The authors present the advantages of a needle and a metallic tip catheters allowing better success in conventional E.R.C.P. and in the cannulation of the accessory papilla. They consider these catheters as strictly necessary in the material available in endoscopic centers where E.R.C.P. is performed in routine.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1981

Motor performance and concurrent cognitive tasks.

Twenty students tapped between two targets while concurrently performing either a verbal or a visuospatial cognitive task. Speed of tapping and consistency revealed right- and left-hand disruption during solving either the con-current verbal or visuospatial task respectively. Accuracy of performance in terms of hitting the targets was not selectively disrupted by the cognitive activity. The results are discussed in terms of an attentional model of lateralization of cerebral function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

[Prenatal differential diagnosis in elevated alpha-fetoprotein concentration in the amniotic fluid (author's transl)].

Elevated Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) values in the amniotic fluid are most frequently associated with neural occlusive disturbances or, in rare cases, with other external malformations of the foetus. In this article, the authors report on two cases where the elevated AFP had not been due to fetal malformations. In the first case, the cause was identified as foetal proteinuria, probably in the sense of an autosomal-recessive hereditary congenital nephrosis, whereas in the second case the phenomenon was possibly due to a "foetal distress" syndrome. Attention is drawn to the importance of elevated AFP levels. The possibilities of further prenatal differential diagnosis are discussed, such as ultrasound, determination of acetyl cholinesterase AChE) activity and assessment of the amniotic fluid cells.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗