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Biomedical subjects

M Colombi

Publications and source records attributed to M Colombi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Plasma cyclic nucleotide levels in acute leukemia patients.

To verify the clinical usefulness of extracellular cyclic nucleotide determination as a tumor marker, plasma cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels were measured in 70 normal subjects and 173 acute leukemia patients studied in different stages of their disease. Mean plasma cAMP levels were similar in leukemic and normal subjects, although in 48 patients in the active stage of the disease, first diagnosis, or relapse, the cAMP values were below the normal range, and most of these patients failed to respond to chemotherapy. Plasma cGMP levels were markedly elevated in untreated patients, normalized in all patients who attained complete remission, and increased promptly to pretreatment values in patients who relapsed, suggesting that their determination may be useful to monitor the patients' response to treatment.

Acute Disease↗

A family of fibronectin mRNAs in human normal and transformed cells.

Previously, two fibronectin mRNAs, generated by alternative splicing of the extra domain (ED) and type III connecting segments (IIICS) sequences, have been described in a human transformed cell line and in human liver, respectively. We now report on a family of fibronectin mRNAs identified by Northern blotting analysis in two normal human fibroblast strains (HEL 299 and Flow 7000) and five transformed cell lines (8387 and HT-1080, fibrosarcomas; G-361, melanoma; JEG-3, choriocarcinoma; and RD, rhabdomyosarcoma). Seven different fibronectin mRNA forms with electrophoretic mobilities ranging between 8.6 and 7.7 kb were identified. Each cell line contains three (HEL 299, Flow 7000 and 8387) or two (HT-1080, G-361, JEG-3 and RD) fibronectin mRNAs species with characteristic size. In all cell lines we detected one fibronectin mRNA form which lacks the ED sequence (ED- fibronectin mRNA) and one or two fibronectin mRNAs containing it (ED+ fibronectin mRNA). These data show that the presence of ED+ and ED- fibronectin mRNAs is a general feature of all cells tested. Moreover, the fibronectin mRNA pattern is characteristic of the cell type analyzed, suggesting the occurrence of specifically programmed splicing mechanisms in each cell line.

Cell Line↗

Relationship between circulating plasminogen activators and tumor development in mice.

Plasminogen activators (PAs) present in the plasma of BALB/c mice and produced in vitro by murine tumor cell cultures (B77-3T3, SR-BALB, AA6) have been characterized using electrophoretic-zymographic techniques. BALB/c mouse plasma contains a main PA activity with an approximate molecular weight of 88,000 and pI 6.3, inhibited by anti-human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) serum, here defined as murine t-PA. On the contrary, all tumor cells tested release a PA activity with a molecular weight of 44,500 and pI 9.2 characteristic of urokinase-type activator (murine u-PA). The injection s.c. of the different tumorigenic cells into BALB/c mice leads to tumor development and to a rapid increase of t-PA from the first day following the injection. This early enhancement of t-PA activity is not detectable in mice given injections of lethally irradiated B77-3T3 cells. Moreover the development of the tumor in the animals is related to the appearance of increasing levels of u-PA in the blood. This activity is detectable in the plasma of treated mice almost 2 wk before detection of a tumor 1 mm in diameter. During tumor development, the molecular weight of the u-PA and t-PA forms present in the plasma does not change, while there is a decrease of the isoelectric point of the u-PA leading to the appearance of distinct PA activities with pI 7.6 and 8.9. Syngenic and allogenic lymphocytes, injected in BALB/c mice, do not induce any modification in the pattern of the plasma PA. The injection of highly metastatic cells, as opposed to nonmetastatic or low-metastatic cells, does not give rise to detectable levels of u-PA in the plasma of treated mice. These data suggest that the lack of plasma u-PA activity facilitates the formation of metastates, while the increase of this activity is important in tumor development and is independent of the metastatic potential of the injected cells.

Animals↗

Selective PF4 release in vitro induced by heparin and related glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)--correlation with beta-TG release and platelet aggregation.

We studied human platelet aggregation and beta-TG/PF4 release induced by heparin and related GAGs in vitro both in normal PRP and in PRP after aspirin. In our experimental conditions, heparin and related GAGs always caused PF4 release in vitro from normal platelets, whether or not there was measurable platelet aggregation in the aggregometer. Significant beta-TG release was induced only by the mucosal heparin preparation (which also induced platelet aggregation in some citrated PRP). Therefore, while beta-TG release in vitro seems to correlate with platelet aggregating activity of heparin, the selective PF4 release, caused by heparin and related GAGs also in conditions in which neither platelet aggregation nor beta-TG are measurable, is probably associated with the high affinity of PF4 for heparin. The degree of affinity of GAGs for PF4 (heparin greater than DeS greater than HS) seems to correlate with PF4 release. Moreover, the significant reduction in PF4 release in vitro after aspirin suggests that GAGs-induced PF4 release is related to a cyclooxygenase-dependent activation process.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

Value of CT scanning in the diagnosis of CNS mycotic involvement: report of 3 cases.

Fungal infections of the CNS are becoming an increasingly serious problem in immunosuppressed patients. We describe three patients with malignant blood disease who in the course of systemic fungal infection presented cerebral involvement. The nature, site and extent of the cerebral involvement were defined by computed tomography (CT). Further, in one patient it was possible to follow the course of the lesion and assess the effectiveness of antimycotic therapy by CT because of its noninvasiveness and repeatability.

Adult↗

Relationship between multiple forms of plasminogen activator in human breast tumors and plasma and the presence of metastases in lymph nodes.

Plasminogen activators (PAs), a family of proteases active in blood coagulation, may play an important role in cancer. Indeed, blood coagulation disorders, such as altered fibrinogen and fibrin metabolism and increased incidence of vascular thrombosis, are common in patients with advanced malignant disease. Different types of human tumors are known to contain high levels of PA. The isoelectric focusing patterns of the PAs present in tumors and plasma from patients with breast cancer were compared with those of purified human urokinase and melanoma tissue PA. The pattern of isoelectric molecular forms of PA active at pH 8 showed two groups of several bands: in plasma from tumor-bearing patients and controls, these groups were in the pl ranges of 6.6 to 6.8 and 8.0 to 8.5; in mammary adenocarcinoma tissue, the ranges were 6.8 to 7.9 and 9.0 to 9.4. These patterns were different from those obtained with purified markers; the latter were 5.8 to 9.4 and 5.9 to 7.6 for purified human urokinase and melanoma plasminogen tissue activator, respectively. PA activity in tumor-bearing patients was very high in malignant tissue and, on the contrary, very decreased in plasma; this latter decrease was correlated with the presence of metastases in the axillary lymph nodes. These results suggest that the high PA activity in the tumor tissue might participate in the destruction of the peritumoral tissue, thus allowing its invasion by tumor cells, whereas the low activity of PA in the plasma might increase plasma fibrin, reflecting thus an early disorder in blood coagulation which would enhance the formation of metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Unusual bone marrow hyperplasia in a case of thalassemia intermedia.

A case of beta thalassemia intermedia is described. Beside the typical hematologic picture and extramedullary erythropoiesis in the liver always present in such a clinical form, atypical masses due to foci of erythropoiesis were found at paravertebral, parasternal and subcostal sites. The size of these masses caused problems in differential diagnosis; they have been solved by computerized axial tomography.

Adult↗

Studies on transformation markers and tumorigenicity in segregant clones from a human hybrid line.

Thirty segregant clones were back-selected in 8AG or 5BUdR media from a non-tumorigenic human intraspecific hybrid line (HeLa TK- X fibroblasts HPRT-) displaying a high plasminogen activator (PA) level, a disorganized fibronectin (FN) matrix and anchorage-independence. These clones exhibited a widely modulated expression of the above markers concomitantly with different degrees of chromosome loss. Out of six representative segregant clones tested in nude mice, two were found to re-express tumorigenicity. No significant correlation was observed between PA or FN levels and anchorage-independence, as well as between these markers and tumorigenicity.

Animals↗

Low-dose heparin in thoracic surgery: effect on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system.

Plasma kallikrein, antithrombin III and antiplasmin were determined with chromogenic methods in 29 patients pre-, per- and post-operatively in a controlled, randomized study. 16 patients received calcium heparin, 5000 IU s. c. every 8 hr for 7 days, the first administration given 2 hr before surgical procedure. 13 control patients received saline. A significant reduction of kallikrein and antiplasmin in per- and post-operative periods was observed in the control patients compared with the heparin-treated patients, while there was a significant reduction of anti-thrombin III in the control patients compared with the treated patients only in the per-operative period. The results obtained suggest that activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system occurs in patients undergoing thoracic surgery, and that it is inhibited significantly by calcium heparin prophylaxis.

Adult↗

Expression of transformation markers and suppression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids.

Somatic human cell hybrids produced by fusion of HeLa cells and diploid fibroblasts were analysed in a study designed to test the coordinate expression of transformation markers and tumorigenicity. The great majority of these hybrids displayed a finite lifespan in culture, but some of them inherited from the HeLa parent the capability to grow as permanent cell lines. Hybrids from both groups all had a plasminogen activator activity 20 to 100-fold higher and a cloning efficiency in semisolid medium 2 to 10-fold lower than the HeLa parent. Cell surface fibronectin was expressed at variable levels, albeit in a disorganized form. No correlation between the level of plasminogen activator or fibronectin content and cloning efficiency in agar was observed. Two hybrid lines, assayed for tumorigenicity in nude mice, did not produce tumors, even at inocula 20-fold greater than those at which the HeLa cells formed tumors.

Animals↗

Abnormal platelet function in a case of megakaryoblastic leukaemia.

A platelet function study in a patient with megakaryoblastic leukaemia is reported. The abnormalities of the platelet function suggest a probable platelet membrane injury and a platelet release defect. The reduced platelet half-life and the non changing splenohepatic ratio confirm the clinical and histological features of the systemic disease.

Bleeding Time↗

Beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 plasma levels during haemodialysis: effect of indobufen.

The effect of a single dose of indobufen (100 mg i.v.) on the release of beta-thromboglobulin and of the platelet factor 4 was investigated during dialysis in 20 uraemic subjects by a within-subjects, single-blind, indobufen versus placebo study. Plasma levels were measured in baseline conditions and 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after the beginning of dialysis. Pre-treatment with indobufen clearly inhibited beta-TG and PF 4 output. The difference from placebo was highly significant (p less than 0.01) from the 30-minute control up to the end of dialysis. No changes in platelet count before and after dialysis were observed.

Adult↗

Thrombolytic therapy for venous thrombosis in patients with gastro-intestinal diseases.

Venous thrombosis in 2 patients with gastro-intestinal diseases (chronic liver disease and ulcerative colitis) is reported. A good clinical improvement was obtained after thrombolytic (urokinase) therapy without any haemorrhagic side-effect. A decrease in the plasma of the fast-acting antiplasmin has been correlated with urokinase thrombolytic effect in vivo. These preliminary reports suggest that thrombolytic drugs are a safe tool for the treatment also of thromboembolic complications in patients with potential haemorrhagic diathesis.

Aged↗

Inhibition of human platelet function by parsalmide.

2-Propargyloxy-5-amino-N-butyl-benzamide (parsalmide), an antiinflammatory drug, inhibits human platelet function in vitro and ex vivo. The degree of inhibition of ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation "in vitro" is dose-dependent and parsalmide shows a more marked effect than equal concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indometacin. Moreover, malondialdehyde levels in human PRP after addition of thrombin were inhibited at the same degree by parsalmide, ASA and indometacin. In ex vivo experiments, the administration of 400 mg p.o. of parsalmide in arthropathic patients shows a significant inhibitory effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation at 3 and 24 h after treatment, while a drop of malondialdehyde levels was observed only at 3 h after treatment. No significant inhibitory effect was observed in collagen-induced platelet aggregation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗