Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to M Coleman.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The role of radiation therapy in the management of hematopoietic neurologic complications in thalassemia.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is encountered in some severe anemic conditions. Very rarely it may cause neurologic symptoms, leading to spinal cord or cauda equina compression. Two patients with thalassemia who developed neurologic complications are described. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings, CT scan and magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). The two patients responded successfully to irradiation and blood transfusion. The prognosis is excellent, if recognized at an early stage. Our experience supports the role of radiation therapy as standard treatment for this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A loading dose/continuous infusion schedule of fludarabine phosphate in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Using a loading dose/continuous infusion schedule, fludarabine phosphate was administered to 51 patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). All patients had evidence of active disease, and the majority had advanced Rai stages. Of the 42 patients assessable for response, 22 (52%) achieved a partial response, five (12%) had stable disease, and 15 (36%) progressed. Thirteen of the 22 responders improved their Rai stages with fludarabine therapy, including six patients who achieved stage 0. Response rates for pretreatment stages III and IV were 60% and 53%, respectively. Patients with final Rai stages 0 to II had better survival than those with stages III and IV. Patients who had undergone splenectomy before starting therapy were more likely to respond. Myelosuppression was the primary toxicity and did not appear to be cumulative. Severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, although infrequent, were associated with several deaths in the early cycles of treatment. Nonhematologic toxicity was mild with no serious neurotoxicity noted. Infections were common with 22 minor, 18 major, and 10 fatal episodes. Fludarabine phosphate by this alternative dosing schedule is effective in refractory advanced CLL and is well tolerated by the majority of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Carcinogenicity evaluations and ongoing studies: the IARC databases.

Many thousands of chemicals are produced industrially and many more occur naturally. Information on the toxicology of these chemicals is often minimal or absent. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has published evaluations of the carcinogenic risk to humans of over 700 chemicals, groups of chemicals, and complex mixtures as a regular series of monographs. A database has been created containing summaries of all the relevant epidemiological, animal carcinogenicity, and other relevant biological data for each chemical or mixture evaluated. Additional databases have been created for ongoing epidemiological studies of cancer in humans and for long-term carcinogenicity studies in rodents, as well as a database containing information on genotoxic and related effects of chemicals. Some of these databases have been published in print form. IARC now plans to publish them electronically, together with other databases, in the form of a CDROM (compact disk, read-only memory). The objective will be to make the entire IARC database of cancer information as widely available as possible in an integrated format conducive to efficient and combined exploitation of all the component databases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Unplanned pregnancy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMed1990

Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia with peripheral neuropathy, pseudotumor cerebri, IgA dysproteinemia, and thrombocytosis in women. A distinct syndrome.

Four women with multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia had a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by peripheral neuropathy, pseudotumor cerebri, IgA dysproteinemia, and thrombocytosis. The nodes displayed typical morphologic changes of the plasma cell variant of multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. The pathologic changes are morphologically distinct from angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia although clinical similarities do exist. In these four cases, the lymphadenopathy was usually bulky and multicentric. There was frequent splenic involvement. The neuropathies were severe and disabling. Clinical courses have been variable with some responses to therapy with steroids and alkylating agents. No neoplastic transformations have occurred. Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia may represent a reactive lesion in which the antigenic stimulus is unknown but results in follicular hyperplasia, angiogenesis, and the systemic manifestations of hyperimmune stimulation. We believe this clinical syndrome may represent a distinct variant of multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, and it requires close observation for neoplastic transformation and other complications of its multisystem nature.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

Varied MR appearance of autism: fifty-three pediatric patients having the full autistic syndrome.

Fifty-three autism patients ranging in age from 2 to 22 yr with a mean age of 9 yr were evaluated by MR imaging over a 3-yr study period. Sagittal, axial, and coronal spin-echo and short TI inversion recovery scans were performed on a 0.5 Tesla (Picker Inc., Cleveland, OH) system. Results were compared to 32 control patients age range 1 to 17 yr, mean 8.5 yr. MR scans were evaluated by three neuroradiologists. Measurements of midsagittal vermian height and AP diameter were performed. Subjective estimates were made of ventricular size, amygdala size, fourth ventricular size, and vermian shape. Results were correlated with clinical presentation, course, and lab analyses by a pediatric neurologist. MR findings did not present a single pattern capable of predicting the presence or severity of autism. The constellation of MR findings in this group of 53 patients was highly variable, thus we advise caution in the interpretation of MR images in autistic patients. Autism is a heterogeneous disease entity containing different clinical subgroups, which do not manifest similar radiologic pictures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Is classical Rett syndrome ever present in males?

This paper is a case history which describes a male child who meets most of the Trevathan and Naidu criteria for the Rett syndrome (RS). If RS is possible in males, this has implications for genetic and metabolic research regarding the etiology of the syndrome, particularly studies related to the X chromosome. Further case studies need to be published and independently evaluated.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Recombinant gamma-interferon has activity in chronic myeloid leukemia.

We demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN gamma) (Biogen) in 18 patients with Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Sequential cytogenetic studies and molecular analyses of the breakpoint cluster region and for immunoglobulin and T cell rearrangements were performed every 3-4 months. In 13 patients who received treatment for a minimum of 3 months, the majority were treated with 1.5 mg/m2, t.i.w., i.v. Nonhematologic effects--particularly chills, rigors, myalgia, fatigue, headaches, and nausea--were significant. Complete or partial hematologic responses were observed in six patients, two of whom had approximately 20% normal metaphases after an average of 74 weeks of treatment. However, reversion to 100% Ph+ cells occurred 30 weeks later. In these two patients, in whom normal metaphases were found, no changes were observed in the presence of rearrangements of the breakpoint cluster region. In addition, the marrows remained hypercellular, and the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score and B12 levels remained abnormal. No immunoglobulin or T cell beta-chain gene rearrangements were found. These data indicate the clinical effectiveness of rIFN gamma in some patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, although the fundamental nature of the disease is unaltered by this form of treatment.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1990

Molecular cloning, expression and nucleotide sequence of the rcsA gene of Erwinia amylovora, encoding a positive regulator of capsule expression: evidence for a family of related capsule activator proteins.

A gene encoding a positive activator of the expression of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora has been isolated from a genomic library in Escherichia coli. The presence of the cloned gene in E. coli stimulated transcription of the genes encoding colanic acid biosynthesis and could complement rcsA mutations. Introduction of the gene on a multicopy plasmid into Er. amylovora caused a threefold increase in EPS expression. The nucleotide sequence of the gene (designated rcsA) was determined. This revealed a single open reading frame encoding an RcsA protein of 23-7 kDa. This was confirmed by minicell analysis in E. coli. The predicted amino acid sequence of this RcsA protein showed a high degree of homology to the RcsA protein of Klebsiella aerogenes, demonstrating the existence of a family of related RcsA activator proteins capable of stimulating EPS expression. The protein had no significant homology to known DNA-binding activator proteins, indicating, for the first time, that the RcsA family of activator proteins may stimulate expression of EPS synthesis indirectly by acting on other regulatory proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Teacher perceptions of differences among elementary students with and without learning disabilities in referred samples.

Current referral and identification procedures for students with learning disabilities (LD) have been criticized on conceptual and procedural dimensions, including difficulties in operationalizing the definition and in making eligibility decisions that are data based. Recognizing these difficulties, the Texas Education Agency appointed a task force to examine various issues associated with the identification, assessment, and programming of students with LD. Task force members recognized the need to identify classroom behaviors that differentiate students with LD from their non-disabled peers. Two scales of 83 items each were devised and piloted in 70 school districts. Five significant factors or subscales were identified through discriminant factor analyses. Two subscales and 18 individual items discriminate students later classified as LD and those referred but not subsequently classified as LD. Results are discussed, with implications for further investigation of behaviors that distinguish students with and without LD.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Aggressive phase multiple myeloma: a terminal anaplastic transformation resembling high-grade lymphoma.

The term "aggressive phase" has been applied in multiple myeloma to the development of rapidly enlarging extramedullary soft tissue masses or of bone marrow transformation with histologic features resembling high-grade or anaplastic lymphomas. One hundred and one patients who fulfilled this definition were identified in a review of the literature. Eighty-six patients had soft tissue or visceral involvement and 15 bone marrow involvement. The mean age at initial diagnosis of myeloma was 53 years, suggesting that the aggressive phase may be more likely to develop in younger patients. A disproportionate percentage of these patients have an IgA gammopathy. Following the onset of the aggressive phase, these patients have a rapidly fatal course, refractory to therapy, with a mean survival of less than 3.5 months. It is hypothesized that this aggressive phase represents part of the natural history of multiple myeloma, analogous to the terminal transformations associated with other relatively indolent myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Studies are reviewed supporting the proposition that the clinical and morphological changes associated with the aggressive phase result from a clonal evolution of the original malignant cell line and do not represent the development of an independent new neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Localization of the microsatellite probe DXS426 between DXS7 and DXS255 on Xp and linkage to X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.

The microsatellite marker DXS426 maps to the interval Xp21.1-Xp11.21, the chromosomal region which contains two loci for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP; RP2 and RP3). We have refined the localization of DXS426 both physically, by mapping it to a deletion which spans the interval Xp21.3-Xp11.23, and genetically, by studying multiply informative crossovers which indicate that DXS426 lies between DXS7 and DXS255 (i.e., Xp11.4-Xp11.22). As this is the region which contains the RP2 gene, RP2 families could be identified on the basis of linkage of XLRP to DXS426. Multiply informative crossovers in two RP2 families indicate that the most likely location of the RP2 gene is between DXS426 and DXS7. DXS426 is therefore an important highly informative marker for the purposes of carrier detection and early diagnosis of RP2 and for the localization of the disease gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

The use of inert dehydration and glycol methacrylate embedding for immunogold localization of glomerular basement membrane components.

A protocol is described for the preparation of human pathology specimens without fixation, in order to perform immunocytochemistry at an ultrastructural level. Using the technique in conjunction with immunogold labeling, the basal lamina components type IV collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate have been demonstrated in glomerular capillary loops in stored frozen human renal tissue. Tissue was thawed and immediately dehydrated with the inert cryoprotectant ethanediol (inert dehydration) followed by embedding in low-acid glycol methacrylate polymerized using the accelerator n,n-dimethylaniline. Tissue processed in this way retained superior antigenic activity when compared with tissue reprocessed from wax blocks and embedded in low-acid glycol methacrylate. Inert dehydration is a technique useful for the localization of processing sensitive epitopes in routine fresh or frozen archival pathologic material. Furthermore, high probe densities can be achieved without recourse to etching or enzyme treatments.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

Correlations between abnormal auditory P300 topography and positive symptoms in schizophrenia: a preliminary report.

P300 component amplitude in the left temporal scalp region, shown in three previous studies to differentiate normals from schizophrenics, was found to be significantly correlated with the Thought Disorder Index (TDI) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). These correlations occurred primarily in the P300 waveform derived from the Goodin paradigm. These findings suggest a brain processing disturbance in positive symptom schizophrenia that may be reflected by electrophysiological abnormalities detectable in the temporal scalp region.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Thought disorder in the relatives of psychotic patients.

Using the Holzman-Johnston Thought Disorder Index, thought disorder was examined in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenic, manic, and schizoaffective patients. In all three groups, there was a tendency for probands with higher thought disorder to have first-degree relatives with higher thought disorder. Furthermore, the quality of thought disorder in the groups of relatives was similar to that in the groups of probands, although it was clear that the relatives of schizoaffective-manic patients showed the highest amount of thought disorder, which was not found in the proband sample. Although based on a small sample, these findings suggest that amount and type of thought disorder differ not only among medicated patient groups but also among their unmedicated relatives.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Phase II trial of amsacrine in patients with multiple myeloma.

Seventy-four previously treated patients with multiple myeloma were treated with Amsacrine (m-AMSA) 120 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. A good response was observed in two patients (3%), and improvement was seen in three patients (4%). Severe toxicity was observed in 33% of patients who received three or more courses of treatment. This dose and schedule of m-AMSA in multiple myeloma is usually ineffective.

Adult↗