Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to M Coleman.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Prevention of intravascular thrombus formation on plastic catheters with heparin-benzalkonium complex: in vivo and in vitro studies.

A complex of heparin and a quaternary ammonium compound dissolved in an organic solvent was investigated for its potential ability to prevent clotting on the surface of plastic catheters. Despite the complexing of heparin to ammonium, anticoagulant activity remained on in vitro testing. Both the heparin complex and its organic solvent alone partially prevented catheter thrombus formation when tested in an in vivo animal model system. Neither, however, was totally effective in preventing thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Anticoagulation and high dose liver radiation: a preliminary report.

Two groups of patients were observed for evidence of acute radiation hepatitis during "high dose" radiation to the liver. The first group of 18 patients with metastatic liver disease received an average of 4,050 rad to the whole liver. Half received anticoagulation with warfarin. One patient on anticoagulation developed evidence of acute radiation hepatitis while 2 patients did so without anticoagulation. Eleven patients with Hodgkin's disease received 4,000 rad to the left lobe of the liver during extended field radiation. Four of these 11 patients were anticoagulated to therapeutic range. Only one of the fully anticoagulated patients showed changes on liver scan consistent with radiation hepatitis whereas three did so without anticoagulation. No serious sequelae from anticoagulation occurred in either group. These preliminary data suggest that anticoagulation may be safely administered with high dose hepatic radiation and that further trials with anticoagulation are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study of a BCNU containing 4-drug program versus MOPP versus 3-drug combinations in advanced Hodgkin's disease: a cooperative study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

A prospective randomized trial by CALGB examined the relative value of four chemotherapy regimens in 537 patients with stage III B and IV Hodgkin's disease. A new combination BOPP, derived by substitution of BCNU for nitrogen mustard in the MOPP regimen, was compared to MOPP and to two 3-drug regimens, derived by removing the procarbazine in BOPP (BOP) or removing the alkylating agent (OPP). The 4-drug programs gave significantly higher frequency of complete remissions (BOPP 67%, MOPP 63%) than the 3-drug regimens (BOP 40%, OPP 42%), and significantly longer duration of remission and survival. BOPP had a therapeutic activity equal to MOPP, and was accompanied by less toxicity. After 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy, responding patients, both CR and PR, were continued on maintenance chemotherapy for 3 years. No significant difference in relapse rate was demonstrated following maintenance treatment with either vinblastine, chlorambucil, or chlorambucil plus monthly vincristine + prednisone doses. Nor could a reinforcement phase late in the maintenance program be shown to influence the relapse rate. The median survival for all patients entered on the 4-drug programs was 5 years, while the median has not yet been reached at 6 years for those patients, who obtained CR.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hepatic Hodgkin's disease without involvement of the spleen.

A patient with Hodgkin's disease, who at laparotomy had liver involvement with no evidence of Hodgkin's disease in the spleen, is reported. Rare alternate lymphaticovenous anastomoses exist that may lead to liver involvement in the absence of splenic involvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.

Three assays were used to study myelopoiesis in 14 patients with aplastic anemia: (1) the soft agar colony assay for granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (CFU-c); (2) coculture of marrow from patients with normal marrows in the CFU-c assay; and (3) culture of marrow pretreated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in the CFU-c assay. Marrow from five patients gave low colony counts when cultured alone and suppressed colony formation by normal marrow cells in coculture. Suppressor cells may have caused the aplasia in these patients. Eight patients had low colony formation and no suppression in coculture. These patients may have absent or defective stem cells. Marrow from one patient produced normal colony formation, did not contain suppressor cells and may have a defective hematopoietic environment. Aplastic anemia thus may result from at least three different defects involving (1) the stem cells, (2) the hematopoietic environment or (3) suppressor cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Improved survival of increased-risk myeloma patients on combined triple-alkylating-agent therapy: a study of the CALGB.

Two hundred fifty-two previously untreated evaluable patients with multiple myeloma were entered into a study testing a regimen of three intravenous alkylating agents, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and carmustine (BCNU), given in combination (BCMP) against a regimen employing oral melphalan (MP). Both regimens included a tapering course of prednisone. Objective responses based on the Myeloma Task Force criteria were significantly more frequent in the group receiving BCMP. Survival for the entire group of BCMP-treated patients was not significantly better than that for MP-treated patients (p = 0.62). However, when the survival of the poor-risk (high tumor cell load) group of patients treated with BCMP was compared with the survival of the poor-risk (high tumor cell load) group of patients treated with MP, an improvement in survival attributable to BCMP therapy was seen (p = 0.049 and 0.02, respectively). In the good-risk (low and intermediate tumor cell load) group, BCMP treatment resulted in a trend toward poorer survival, but this did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.080 and 0.23, respectively). These results indicate that optimal therapy in myeloma may be dependent on the extent of disease at the time of first treatment. Additional studies to explore the effects of treatment intensity and duration are needed in order to design improved myeloma treatment based on the patient's extent of disease.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1979

A preliminary study of the effect of pyridoxine administration in a subgroup of hyperkinetic children: a double-blind crossover comparison with methylphenidate.

A small sample of six patients with the putative "hyperkinetic syndrome" participated in a research protocol comparing administration of pyridoxine, methylphenidate, and placeboes. The children had had low whole blood serotonin levels and a history of previous responsiveness to methylphenidate. The results of the double-blind clinical evaluation showed trends suggesting that both pyridoxine and methylphenidate were more effective than placebo in suppressing the symptoms of hyperkinesis. Pyridoxine elevated whole-blood serotonin levels, methylphenidate did not. Clinical and laboratory evidence indicated that the pyridoxine effects persisted after the 3-week period when the vitamin had been given in this experimental design.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A possible role of vitamin E in the prevention or amelioration of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant cause of chronic pulmonary disease following mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. Although the exact pathogenesis of BPD has yet to be elucidated, high concentration of supplemental oxygen delivered by positive pressure through an endotracheal tube is thought to be a major predisposing factor. The only reported clinical trial of the administration of an exogenous antioxidant as vitamin E (20 mg/kg/day I.M.) to premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome who were receiving supplemental oxygen greater than 40% showed a shorter exposure to all levels of supplemental oxygen when compared to a control group. No roentgenographic changes of BPD were noted in any vitamin-E-treated infants. Vitamin E may modify the development of BPD, but until further clinical trials demonstrate a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of BPD, efforts should be made to minimize exposure to any of the associated factors in the pathogenesis of BPD.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Incidental discovery at radical mastectomy of inapparent Hodgkin's disease in long term survivors.

Two long-term survivors with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease were found to have adenocarcinoma of the breast sixteen and twenty years after limited field radiotherapy. Examination of the axillary nodes at radical mastectomy showed both metastatic adenocarcinoma and clinically inapparent Hodgkin's disease. The occurrence of persistent but clinically inactive Hodgkin's disease as well as the development of secondary malignancies in this disease has important clinical ramifications. Skin testing and in vitro lymphocyte transformation studies in these two patients were also done.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Factors associated with prolonged survival in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Four patients who demonstrated unusually prolonged survival with Philadelphia chromosome positive Ph' (+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were analyzed for factors associated with survival. Survival duration from initial diagnosis ranged from 120 to 222 months, with a mean of 170 months. At diagnosis, age, symptoms, liver or spleen size, hematocrit, white blood cell count, absolute peripheral myeloblast plus promyelocyte count, and uric acid did not have unique prognostic significance. At diagnosis all four patients had normal or low-normal platelet counts, (range: 170,000 to 248,000/mm3). Thrombocytopenia occurred during treatment in three patients. None of the four patients, however, developed severe marrow hypoplasia or leukopenia during treatment for the chronic phase. Cytogenic studies performed from 103 to 156 months after diagnosis did not reveal a large subpopulation of marrow cells with a normal karyotype or cells with the XO genotype in the male patients. These observations suggest that prolonged survival in CML 1) is not contingent upon intensive treatment resulting in marrow hypoplasia, and 2) does not require the persistence of a clone of karyotypically-normal bone marrow cells or a clone of marrow cells in males which has lost the Y chromosome. A normal or low-normal platelet count at diagnosis may be a favorable prognostic indicator.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Triiodothyronine (T3) concentration and therapy in autistic children.

The clinical and biochemical status of thyroid function of patients with an autistic syndrome was investigated. The study consisted of 13 patients between the ages of 7 and 21 years. There was no clinical evidence for hypothyroidism in any patient, and T3, T4, and TSH concentrations were within the normal range. Two patients who had retarded bone ages were treated with triiodothyronine for 6 months. Hyperthyroidism developed when T3 levels exceeded physiologic concentrations in these patients. The concept that the clinical response to triiodothyronine in autistic patients results from correction of thyroid dysfunction is not supported by these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Morbidity of staging laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease.

The morbidity of exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease was determined at three institutions--a university hospital, a major university affiliated hospital and a large community hospital. Of the 90 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy, 33 (37%) sustained a major or minor complication within two weeks of surgery. Seventeen patients (19%) sustained a minor complication and 16 patients (18%) a major complication. There was no mortality. A higher complication rate occurred in patients more than 28 years of age (p = 0.01), and in patients with advanced clinical stage when age was controlled (p = 0.05). We suggest that prior to performing an exploratory laparotomy in a given patient, the necessity of the procedure be weighed against its potential hazards.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Splenectomy in chronic myeloid leukemia.

We review splenectomy in chronic myeloid leukemia, emphasizing recent studies that have evaluated early splenectomy during the chronic phase of the disease. Despite current interest in splenectomy in chronic myeloid leukemia, uncontrolled clinical trials to date suggest that the operation during the early phase neither delays the onset of blastic transformation nor prolongs survival. Immediate operative mortality of splenectomy during the chronic phase is low, generally less than 1%. The morbidity of the procedure, however, remains formidable due to infectious and thromboembolic complications. Splenectomy during chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia permits easier control of the disease in patients who are thrombocytopenic due to busulfan toxicity or sensitivity. Splenectomy during the chronic phase may also palliate those patients who suffer from acute splenic events or massive splenomegaly. Splenectomy in blast-phase disease should be considered a heroic measure providing little benefit to most patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Down's syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗