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Biomedical subjects

M Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to M Coleman.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Phase II trial of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in advanced malignant lymphoma: a study of the cancer and acute leukemia group B.

In a cooperative study of the Cancer and Acute Leukemia Group B, 27 evaluable patients with advanced malignant lymphomas were treated with 70 mg/m2 of cisdichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-platinum) once every three weeks. All patients had received extensive prior therapy. Partial remission was obtained in two of eight patients (25%) with Hodgkin's disease, for six and 40 weeks, and in five of 19 (26%) patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, for a median duration of six weeks. The major toxic effects were profuse vomiting and, to a lesser degree, myelosuppression. Nephrotoxicity was easily controlled. Cis-platinum is an active agent in lymphoma and should merit incorporation into combination therapy for recently diagnosed disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory disease in Utah coal miners.

Two hundred forty-two Utah underground coal miners volunteered to participate in a respiratory disease study. They were an older group (mean, 56 years of age) and had spent a mean of 29 years in the coal-mining industry. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 57%, and that of coal worker's pneumoconiosis, 25%; only one worker had progressive massive fibrosis. Significant impairment of pulmonary function was found among those with a history of cigarette smoking. Chronic bronchitis or coal worker's penumoconiosis among nonsmokers did not impair pulmonary function. There was a significant association among the nonsmokers between increasing exposure to coal dust and coal worker's pneumoconiosis, but not for changes in pulmonary function. Coal mine dust had a significant influence in causing the symptom complex of chronic cough and sputum production, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1981

The relationship of hair zinc concentrations to height, weight, age, and sex in the normal population.

Hair samples from forty-nine normal individuals (both children and adults) were assessed for concentrations of zinc. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between zinc values and the variables: height, weight, and age (see Table 3). In children (under 240 months), all these relationships were linear, positive, and statistically significant. A linear regression equation using all these variables was found to account for 47.7% of the variance in hair zinc concentrations. In adults (over 240 months), the correlation coefficients between hair zinc and height, weight, and age were not found to be significant, with the exception of the negative correlation between hair zinc and weight (r = -0.464; P less than 0.047). Nevertheless, a multivariate linear regression equation accounted for about 24.6% of the variability of hair zinc values. In both children and adults, tests for sex differences in means and standard deviations using both raw score and residual values failed to reveal any significant differences. Similarly, no significant sex differences were observed between corresponding correlation coefficients. Results indicate that future studies utilizing hair must systematically or mathematically control for individual variation in zinc concentrations due to differences in age, weight, and height.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immunologic abnormalities in myelofibrosis with activation of the complement system.

Eighteen patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis were studied for clinical and laboratory evidence of immunologic dysfunction. Clinical findings included the presence of arthritis, vasculitis, and erythema nodosum. Laboratory abnormalities included the presence of circulating immune complexes, antinuclear antibodies, positive direct Coombs tests, elevated latex fixations, and a circulating lupus type anticoagulant. Total hemolytic complement was markedly depressed in four patients. Analysis of complement (C) components C1-C9 and factor B demonstrated significant reduction of only C3 and factor B. By crossed-immunoelectrophoresis, both C3 and factor B, but not C4, were cleaved, indicating that C activation was occurring predominantly via the alternative pathway. The control proteins beta 1H and C3b inactivator were decreased in three of four patients with hypocomplementemia. These data suggest that immunologic mechanisms associated with activation of the complement system play an important role in the disease process of some patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

MER immunotherapy and combination chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent Hodgkin's disease. Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.

The effects of chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in previously treated advanced Hodgkin's disease were evaluated in a randomized study of 167 patients by CALGB. Combination chemotherapy consisted of treatment with one of three regimens with further randomization of MER (methanol extraction residue BCG) immunotherapy or no MER during chemotherapy. CVPP (CCNU, vinblastine, procarbazine, prednisone) was compared to a new combination, BAVS (bleomycin, Adriamycin, vincristine, streptozotocin), and to a third regimen consisting of alternating cycles of CVPP and BAVS. At the current analysis there is no significant difference in complete responses among the chemotherapy regimens. MER did not improve complete response frequency and was associated with significantly poorer survival for patients previously treated with chemotherapy. There was also no benefit with MER for patients with at least one pretreatment positive skin test. Because of the documented lack of therapeutic benefit and the morbidity of painful ulcers, MER treatment has been discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Aggressive plasma cell myeloma. A terminal phase.

Seven patients with plasma cell myeloma experienced an aggressive, terminal phase. This phase is characterized by rapidly enlarging soft-tissue masses with tumor morphologic characteristics similar to a poorly differentiated or large-cell (histiocytic) lymphoma, with rapid death, and often with fever, pancytopenia, decreasing levels of myeloma protein, and younger age. Median survival from the onset of the phase was four months. There was no response to single-agent or combination chemotherapy. In view of the extremely poor prognosis and lack of response to conventional treatment, patients experiencing this characteristic terminal phase should be considered candidates for innovative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hematologic effects of intravesicular thiotepa therapy for bladder carcinoma.

Twenty-nine patients with bladder carcinoma treated with intravesical thiotepa administration were reviewed to assess hematologic toxicity. Ten of 25 consecutive patients had at least one episode of acute myelosuppression. Thrombocytopenia was the most common abnormality; anemia was uncommon. Acute suppression occurred most often within the first three months of therapy and was dose related. One of the 25 patients and four additional patients had chronic myelosuppression; all were male. They were older and had received more thiotepa over a longer period than those patients without chronic myelosuppression. Thrombocytopenia was again the most common abnormality. Anemia was nearly as frequent in this subpopulation and may herald chronic blood dyscrasia. One patient had refractory anemia with an excess of blast forms; another had smoldering leukemia. Acute and chronic forms of myelosuppression were not related. Thiotepa treatments should be limited to 90 mg/mo and protracted therapy avoided in elderly men.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Multilocular renal cyst. Case report, ultrastructure and review of the literature.

Multilocular renal cyst is an uncommon focal, unilateral, cystic, epithelial lesion of uncertain pathogenesis. Because nephroblastomatous foci have been found on microscopic examination of several of the reported cases, some authors have proposed that multilocular cysts are differentiated and cystic forms of Wilms' tumour. This proposition is analysed and it is concluded that three possibly interrelated lesions may be defined: (1) Wilms' tumours showing cystic differentiation. (2) Lesions macroscopically indistinguishable from multilocular cyst containing variably differentiated nephroblastomatous foci. All such cases have been described in infants. (3) Typical multilocular renal cysts, which have described in children and adults. Review of the literature shows that several cases have been included in the second category solely because of the presence of small intraseptal tubules. Consequent anomalies of interpretation are highlighted and a further case of multilocular cyst in an adult female is reported in which ultrastructural examination, recorded for the first time, confirms the epithelial nature of the cyst lining cells which resemble simplified renal tubular epithelium.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the pathogenesis of refractory anemia.

Nine patients with refractory anemia were studied using the soft agar marrow culture assay (CFU-c) to identify granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells. Patients' marrows were then cocultured with normal marrow to identify suppressor cells that inhibit normal colony formation. Three of nine patients had low colony formation and no suppression in coculture. These patients may have a defect intrinsic to the marrow granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell, termed type I. Three of nine patients had normal colony formation and no suppression in coculture, possibly representing a type II defect in the hemopoietic environment. Three of nine patients had low colony formation in the CFU-c assay and their marrow contained cells that suppressed colony formation by normal marrow in coculture. This defect, termed type III, may result from suppressor cells. Thus, refractory anemia may be a syndrome resulting from at least three different pathogenetic mechanisms involving defects in (1) stem cells, (2) the marrow environment or (3) suppressor cells. This may represent one end of the spectrum of pancytopenia with diminished cellularity (aplastic anemia) or normal cellularity (refractory anemia) resulting from similar mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Rupture of pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with persistent ductus arteriosus.

Fatal haemopericardium occurred in a 14-year-old boy after rupture of a pulmonary artery aneurysm. Persistent ductus arteriosus with severe pulmonary hypertension was confirmed by cardiac catheterisation when he was 4 weeks old. Attempted closure of the ductus at 4 years had not been possible because of apparent high pulmonary resistance. Exercise tolerance had been good enough to permit competitive horse riding up to the day of death. Light and electron microsocpy showed widespread cystic medionecrosis of the elastic pulmonary arteries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: an uncommon cause of chronic neonatal respiratory distress.

A full-term newborn infant had the onset of respiratory distress immediately after birth. She required supplemental oxygen from birth, and had pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) documented by open lung biopsies at 6 and at 12 weeks of age. Light and electron microscopy showed dense, PAS-positive granular, homogeneous material within the alveolar spaces, diagnostic of PAP. No Pneumocystic carinii organisms were demonstrated on silver staining, and bacterial and viral cultures were negative. The infant died of progressive respiratory insufficiency at 1 yr or age. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis should considered a rare cause of chronic respiratory distress in the newborn infant.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1980

Combination chemotherapy for terminal-phase chronic granulocytic leukemia: cancer and leukemia group B studies.

A 34% response was obtained in 202 evaluable patients in the terminal phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia using combinations of hydroxyurea, 6-mercaptopurine, and corticosteroids. Twelve percent of responses were complete and 22% partial. Overall median survival was 12 wk. A 30 wk median survival for responding patients was statistically superior to the 7-wk survival for nonresponders (p less than 0.001). Response was inversely correlated with toxicity. No responses were obtained in patients sustaining both severe infectious and bleeding complications. No benefit could be demonstrated from the addition of vincristine in induction and daunorubicin for consolidation. Although the response frequency and duration of survival with this combination chemotherapy were generally superior to those previously reported by our group, the terminal phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia still remains a formidable and generally refractory disease.

Daunorubicin↗
PubMed1979

Response of intestinal mucosa to gluten challenge in autistic subjects.

Eight autistic patients with steatorrhoea, hypocalciuria, and alleged behavioural improvements on gluten restriction, were fed ordinary diets plus 20 g gluten/day for 4 weeks. None of the patients had any significant change in body-weight or bowel habit as a result of gluten challenge, nor were any histological abnormalities detected on jejunal biopsy. The data suggest that the steatorrhoea and hypocalciuria seen in some autistic subjects cannot be accounted for by the presence of coeliac disease. Furthermore, these patients should not be confined to gluten-free diets, unless rigorous behavioural studies demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in behaviour as a result of the diet, or deterioration during challenge.

Autistic Disorder↗