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Biomedical subjects

M Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to M Cohen.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Role of pineal gland in aetiology and treatment of breast cancer.

The hypothesis that diminished function of the pineal gland may promote the development of breast cancer in human beings is suggested by the relation between breast cancer and prolonged oestrogen excess, and by the observation that the pineal secretion, melatonin, inhibits ovarian oestrogen production, pituitary gonadotrophin production, and sexual development and maturation. The hypothesis is supported by the following points. (1) Pineal calcification is commonest in countries with high rates of breast cancer and lowest in areas with a low incidence; the incidences of pineal calcification and of breast cancer are moderate among the black population in the United States. (2) Chlorpromazine raises serum-melatonin; there are reports that psychiatric patients taking chlorpromazine have a lower incidence of breast cancer. (3) Although information is lacking on breast cancer, the pineal and melatonin may influence tumour induction and growth in experimental animals. (4) The demonstration of a melatonin receptor in human ovary suggests a direct influence of this hormone on the ovarian function, and possibly oestrogen production. (5) Impaired pineal secretion is believed to be an important factor triggering puberty (early menarche is a risk factor for breast cancer).

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Acute renal failure after use of radiographic contrast media.

The nephrotoxic effects of radiographic contrast media (RCM) used for excretory urography and angiography are described in 9 patients. These effects are usually temporary and reversible, but may be permanent. Predisposing factors resulting in renal damage are identified and discussed. These include diabetes, dehydration, myelomatosis, chronic renal failure of many causes and repeated administrations of contrast media with a short period. Suggestions are made in order to reduce the incidence and severity of functional renal impairment after administration of contrast media.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1978

Septic abortion with renal failure treated by hysterectomy.

Acute renal failure is a serious and life-threatening complication of septic abortion. The documented mortality rate varies between 30% and 65%. Initial management of the patient with this complication is directed towards resuscitation which should be carried out in an intensive care unit. If significant clinical improvement has not taken place within the first 12--24 hours, then hysterectomy should be considered as an emergency procedure. In 6 of the 7 patients described, it is thought that early hysterectomy was the crucial factor contributing towards their survival. The presence of diffuse intravascular coagulation, which was seen in all our patients, is an added indication for surgical intervention, and its role in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure is discussed.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1978

Chemotherapy in recurrent noncystic low-grade astrocytomas of the cerebrum in children.

Six children with grade II astrocytomas were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Vincristine (VCR), intrathecal Methotrexate (i.t. MTX), and Dexamethasone. Of the children, 3 showed a partial remission, and 1 other showed clinical improvement. Our data suggest that chemotherapy is effective in low-grade astrocytomas, and there is now a need for larger trials in low-grade astrocytomas to document the role of chemotherapy accurately in these tumors. It is suggested that trials of chemotherapy as adjuvant to surgery and radiotherapy should be initiated.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Cell turnover.

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Animals↗
PubMed1978

Four year follow-up of black schoolchildren with non-ejection systolic clicks and mitral systolic murmurs.

In 1972 we conducted a survey of 12,050 urban Black schoolchildren and detected 168 (prevalence rate of 14 per 1,000) with a non-ejection systolic click (NESC), a late systolic murmur, or both. The etiology of the mitral valve abnormality was unknown but we considered that a significant proportion might have early rheumatic heart disease. The auscultatory features four years later of 139 of the original 168 subjects as well as those of 139 age- and sex-matched controls are presented in this study. No cardiac abnormality was detected in as many as 55 of the subjects. Five children now had pansystolic murmurs but the mitral regurgitation was assessed as mild in four. Twenty-five (17.9 per cent) of the controls, 23 of whom had NESCs, had auscultatory features compatible with mitral valve prolapse. These findings do not support our earlier suggestion that a large number of the 1972 subjects have mild rheumatic heart disease. The results are in accord with other studies which have indicated that auscultatory features compatible with mitral valve prolapse are common in "normals" and also that the prognosis of the specific "billowing mitral leaflet syndrome" is generally benign.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Sphygmomanometry in the pediatric patient.

The indirect measurement of blood pressure in the pediatric population is often difficult or impossible to perform and when values are obtained, they are often unreliable or inaccurate. An accurate measurement of arterial systolic pressure in the upper extremity is obtainable with a properly designed and sized occluding cuff and an ultrasonic device to detect the first Korotoff sound. For the detection of the first Korotkoff sound ultrasonic Doppler devices are superior to the stethoscope. When wider occluding cuffs than usual are applied to the upper extremity, the error of measurement is minimized. A method for accurately measuring end diastolic pressure has yet to be described despite assertions to the contrary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Significance of intracranial bruits in neonates, infants, and young children.

In a control group an intracranial bruit (ICB) was heard in 4 of 13 children aged between 4 months and 3 years, but in none of 43 younger infants between the ages of one day and 4 months. In a group of 70 infants with cardiac murmurs of intensity grade III/VI or more, 19 of 30 aged between 4 months and 3 years had an ICB, compared with 4 of 40 younger infants aged between one day and 4 months (P less than 0.0005). It is concluded that in infants under the age of 4 months, even in the presence of a loud cardiac murmur, an ICB is rarely heard. The presence of an ICB, with or without signs of cardiac failure, strongly suggests an intracranial arteriovenous fistula.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Arterio-venous difference in lactate levels in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

The effects of 30-, 60-, and 90-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 60-min reperfusion were studied on the left ventricular dP/dt, myocardial ultrastructure, and tissue as well as blood lactate levels in dogs. The dP/dt was depressed by the occlusion, and reperfusion instituted after 30 min resulted in full recovery whereas that after 90 min had an adverse effect. Varying degrees of ultrastructural damage were noted after 60 and 90 min of occlusion and this was further exaggerated by reperfusion. Coronary occlusion markedly increased lactate content of ischemic myocardium, and the same returned to normal upon reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia for 30 or 60 min did not affect net arterial lactate extraction by the heart, but ischemia for 90 min reversed net lactate extraction to net lactate production by the heart. Reperfusion after 30 min of occlusion significantly increased lactate extraction, but reperfusion after 60 and 90 min of ischemia significantly decreased net lactate extraction and increased net production, respectively. The results indicate that estimation of net lactate exchange across the heart can be of value in assessing the viability of myocardium following coronary bypass surgery.

Animals↗