Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Clark.
A medium designed for detection of motility, indole, and ornithine decarboxylase production in one tube was devised and evaluated. Results, using 182 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, were the same as obtained with commonly used standard methods, although 11 of 87 positive indole tests were weak with the new medium.
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The incidence of carcinoma of the lung continues to steadily rise, and attempts at early diagnosis to improve prognosis have not yet been rewarding. The goal of our research is to decrease the incidence of lung cancer by detecting premalignant bronchial dysplasias in individuals in whom development of lung cancer is potentially preventable. To achieve this, we have developed an atypia status index (ASI)--the assignment of numerical values to the various stages of atypical bronchial epithelial cells in sputum, and a cell atypia profile (CAP)--an ASI-generated scale of 200 such atypical bronchial epithelial cells in a single sputum specimen. Computerized cell-image analysis techniques and statistical data analysis are used to generate the ASIs and CAPs for each subject. This study is a step toward the development of an automated cell-image analysis system for mass screening of premalignant atypias in sputum of those considered at high risk for lung cancer (i.e., men and women of 40 yr of age and older, with more than 20 pack-yr of cigarette smoking).
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Medical patients' (75 with chronic fatigue complaints, 61 with dizziness, and 88 with disabling tinnitus; N = 224) current and past psychiatric diagnoses and personality characteristics were assessed to determine if they could independently explain the number of medically unexplained physical symptoms that the patients had experienced. Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule based on DSM-III-R were used to assess the personality and psychiatric diagnoses, respectively. The results revealed that the number of lifetime medically unexplained symptoms were significantly, independently, and positively related to increasing numbers of current and past anxiety and depressive disorders and to the harm avoidance dimension of the TPQ. In a second analysis, the "worry/pessimism" and "impulsiveness" subscales were positively related to the number of medically unexplained symptoms. The results suggest that somatization is associated with current and past history of psychiatric illnesses and harm avoidance in this sample of medical patients.
This study was designed to determine whether the subjective, behavioral or physiological effects of a stimulant drug in humans depend on whether subjects are tested under isolated or social conditions. Forty-two subjects were randomly assigned to either the Social (SOC) or Isolated (ISO) condition. SOC subjects participated in 4 h laboratory sessions in groups of 3 or 4, whereas ISO subjects participated in the sessions alone. All subjects participated in three sessions, during which they received capsules containing d-amphetamine (10 or 20 mg) or placebo, in mixed order under double blind conditions. Subjective, physiological and behavioral measures were obtained at regular intervals, d-amphetamine produced dose-related, prototypic stimulant effects on many measures, including self-reported mood states, behavioral indices and physiological measures. Most of these effects were unaffected by the setting in which subjects were tested (SOC vs ISO). However, body temperature was overall higher in the SOC group, and there was a trend for d-amphetamine to produce greater hyperthermic effects in the SOC group. In addition, 10 mg d-amphetamine increased heart rate in the SOC group but not in the ISO group. The results suggest that, like in laboratory animals, some of the effects of stimulants in humans are greater under aggregated conditions. However, unlike in the animal studies, this observed enhancement of the drug's effects under aggregated conditions was limited to physiological measures and did not apply to other subjective or behavioral measures.
Andersen 4-stage mini-cascade impactors, designed primarily for personnel dosimetry, were tested for suitability of characterizing solid-particle aerosols within inhalation exposure chambers. Performances were assessed by comparing their particle-size separating capabilities against cyclone separators and Andersen 8-stage ambient cascade impactors. Data reveal excellent agreement between respirable (ACGIH) mass fractions, and mass median aerodynamic diameters, measured with the mini-samplers and the larger laboratory cascade impactors. Cyclone data did not correlate as well. Findings indicate that where accurate particle characterization at low sampling flow rates is desired, compact mini-cascade impactors are appropriate instruments.
An acquired B antigen, present on the red blood cells of a healthy male blood donor, was investigated. An anti-B typing serum which initially detected the weak antigen on the donor cells contained a separable antibody that was specific for cells with the acquired B antigen and did not react with normal group B cells. A similar, specific, immune antibody was produced in a rabbit by the injection of red blood cells with an acquired B antigen.