Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Cholewa.
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There was made an exercise test until appearing exercise limiting symptoms in 50 patients with the second period of primary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in 73 healthy subjects. Exercise test was positive in 26 PHA patients (group I), and was negative in 24 (group II). Negative exercise tests were stated also in a group of 73 healthy subjects (control group-III). Tolerance of physical exercise, probability of coronary heart disease, rest and exercise arterial blood pressure values and left-ventricular systolic time intervals (LVSTI) were analysed in these groups. The preejection period (PEP) and PEP/LVET ratio increased and left-ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) decreased at rest in patients with the second period of PAH as compared in healthy subjects. It proved that left-ventricular mechanical function had been damaged. Submaximal physical exercise proceeded however with similar changes of LVSTI as healthy subjects. There were found high pretest probability of coronary heart disease, decreased tolerance of submaximal physical effort and decreased left-ventricular mechanical function in patients with positive exercise test. Rest values of PEPI and PEP/LVET ratio were significantly higher and LVETI were lower in I than in II (p less than 0.05) an in III group (p less than 0.001). Increased values of PEPI, LVETI and PEP/LVET ratio in relation to the second group and much more as compared in the control group were observed during physical effort.
The susceptibility of adult neural tissues to the detrimental effects of Pb poisoning has prompted the present distributional analysis of lead in the brains of chronically lead-exposed mice. A high-resolution microPIXE method was developed for measuring Pb in whole-brain cryosections derived from chronically lead-exposed mice. Spatial resolutions as small as 20 micron were obtained. Details of the methodology are presented together with procedures for Pb standard preparation and control measures employed to reduce potential errors of Pb assay associated with taking brain sections with steel alloy knives. The unique advantages of making microPIXE Pb determinations in nonpreselected brain anatomic regions using freeze-dried semithick cryosections are reviewed. The study revealed that, in lead-intoxicated mice, there existed wide regional variation in Pb concentration in the ppm range, in 50 micron sagittal or coronal sections. Higher Pb levels were found in discrete brain regions of lead-treated adult mice than in matched control brains. Suggestions for further studies of Pb kinetics using microPIXE methods in adults and immature animals, including components of neural barrier tissues, are reviewed.
The study involved 13 patients with primary hypertension who exercised on a bicycle ergometer with intensity increasing up to submaximum level. The exercise was carried out in four stages: before treatment (1st study), following one week treatment with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide daily (2nd study), after one week treatment with the same dose of hydrochlorothiazide and 120 mg binazine daily (3rd study), and after one week treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and binazine, and 60 mg of propranolol daily (4th study). Using the approach of Weissler et al., left ventricular systolic time intervals were analysed at rest, after exercise and up to the 90th minute of restitution. Hydrochlorothiazide and binazine treatment decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the total electromechanical systolic time index (QS2I) and the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), and increased the PEP/LVET index at rest and after exercise. Addition of propranolol did not augment the hypotensive effect, while the left ventricular systolic time intervals returned to the values observed before treatment.
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The plasma level of peptides and their fractions was investigated in 12 male voluntary blood donors aged 19-23 years at rest, during exercise and restitution before and 1 and 24 h after blood withdrawal. In each test the subjects exercised on Monark's cycle ergometer under loads producing a heart rate acceleration up to 170/min (Physical Working Capacity -- PWC 170). Blood loss produced a non-significant decrease in the plasma peptide level. During exercise the levels increased significantly both before (P less than 0.001) as well as 1 h and 24 h after blood loss (P less than 0.025). About one half of the increase was due to haemoconcentration. During restitution the levels were not significantly different from the initial values. Blood loss gave rise to a significant increase in the level of fractions of a molecular weight exceeding 3500 while the concentration of fractions of 1500-3500 molecular weight decreased. The changes in the peptide fractions were slightly different in the case of exercise performed after blood loss from those observed before blood loss. This applies first of all to fractions with a molecular weight below 750 whose concentration decreased during exercise performed after, and increased before, blood loss.
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0.40 1 of full blood were withdrawn from 18 males aged 19-23. One day before withdrawal, one hour and 24 h after withdrawal the subjects performed a 10-min exercise on a Monark bicycle ergometer with a load producing heart rate acceleration up to 170/min. At rest and in the course of 120-min post-exercise recovery ventricular systolic time intervals were investigated using the method of Weissler. Immediately after blood withdrawal and one hour later the authors observed a decreased left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), increased pre-ejection period (PEP), and increased isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), as well as increased PEP/LVET ratio. In the course of recovery following exercise performed one hour after withdrawal the LVET value was lower, and the values of PEP, ICT and PEP/LVET ratio higher than those obtained after identical exercise performed before withdrawal.
The experiments were carried out on "Swiss" mice which received injections of mercuric chloride. The organs examined included the spleen and bone marrow. The detection of mercury in the cells of the above organs was performed according to the histochemical method developed by Timm[13]. In both cases Timm's Ioethod failed, proving to be invalid for determination of the lowest mercuric concentrations. By use of the hXE technique, it was found that the minimum concentration of mercury in the tissue detectable by cyto-chemical methods amounts to 0.65-1.0 ppm.
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The behaviour of basal gastric secretion was examined in 15 gastric ulcer patients, 54 chronic duodenal ulcer patients, and 25 normal subjects. The investigation was conducted with the subjects remaining seated in three 1-hour phases at rest, during exercise, and in the course of restitution. The 60-minute exercise was performed on Monark's bicycle ergometer with loads producing constant heart rate acceleration ca 50% of the maximum for the subjects' age. The determination made included gastric juice volume, hydrochloric acid concentration and basal acid output (BAO) as well as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium levels in gastric juice. It was found that in healthy subjects a 1-hour exercise of constant 50% load significantly decreased the volume of gastric juice, concentration of hydrochloride acid and BAO as well as electrolyte content (rho less than 0.05): these changes were especially distinct during the restitution period. In the patients with gastric ulcer the basal gastric secretion presented a similar picture. By contrast, in the duodenal ulcer patients exercise produced increased volume of gastric juice and increased BAO values as well as higher electrolyte contents (rho less than 0.05). During the restitution period none of these values decreased below those determined at rest.
In males aged from 19 to 21 years the influence of a bicycle ergometer load in the behaviour of blood glucose, lactate, amino acid nitrogen and the free fatty acids was examined. After determination of PWC120 20 subjects were loaded over 10 minutes in accordance with the value determined (group I). A second group (n = 15) was equally loaded after an intravenous infusion of 20-percent lipofundin. The subjects were given 2.5 ml per kg body weight (group II). The ergometer load of 10 minutes took place in the manner described above and was started 5 minutes after the end of the infusion. From the latter group 8 subjects (group III) were once again infused with lipofundin without subsequent physical stress. For determination of the parameters FFS, glucose, lactate and amino acid nitrogen venous blood was extracted at the time 0 minutes, immediately after the end of the lipofundin infusion of 20 minutes, after the end of the physical activity and 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the end of the ergometer load. The FFS rise was highest in group III, while in group II it was lower. During the load test the glucose concentrations rose in group I and were even during the reco very phase higher than in the two other groups. The amino acid nitrogen decrease in group II, but still more in group III. An increase took place in group I. The lactate rose in group II was significantly less than in group I (p less than 0.05). The results suggest a reduced utilization of glucose due to experimental increase of the FFS levels and a higher utilization of other energetic substrates.