Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Castillo.
An immunologically deficient patient had two large nodular densities on the chest x-ray film. On autopsy, large solid accumulations and diffuse pneumonitis with Pneumocystis carinii were found. This represents an unusual manifestation of Pneumocystis carinii.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Isolated perfused rat pancreases from fed and 20-h fasted rats were used to investigate the effect of phosphate omission on the insulin response to 16.7 mmol/l glucose. The insulin response to continuous glucose stimulation was biphasic. Both phases were significantly reduced when pancreases were perfused in the absence of extracellular phosphate in fasted, but not in fed rats.
A case of antiphospholipid syndrome (APPS) is presented. A 33-year-old female presented with a right hemispheric stroke secondary to thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery. Shortly thereafter, she developed thrombosis of the right brachial artery. Despite thrombolytic therapy, progressive occlusion of this artery occurred as demonstrated by a follow-up angiogram. The patient had a history of multiple recurrent spontaneous abortions. Lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and VDRL were positive on two different occasions. The angiographic findings of multiple and progressive arterial thrombosis in young women should alert the angiographer to the possibility of APPS.
An unusual case of superinfected thrombosis of the portal and superior mesenteric veins is presented. Thrombus and gas within the portal system were accurately detected by CT. A necrotic segment of distal small bowel was believed to be responsible for the findings. Prompt recognition of this rare entity and rapid initiation of adequate therapy may aid in improving the outcome of this usually fatal condition.
An unusual case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis which had a 3 year follow-up is presented. Lack of perirenal extension probably accounted for its relatively asymptomatic course.
Renal angiomyolipomas are rare benign tumors readily identified by computed tomography due to their high fat content. When they attain giant proportions other fatty neoplasms, specifically liposarcomas, cannot be excluded based on the radiographic findings. A case in which a notch defect in the lateral border of the kidney was the single most important clue as to the intrarenal origin of the mass and led to the correct pre-operative diagnosis is presented.
An unusual case of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma arising in the pouch of Douglas is presented. The tumor spread along the serosal surfaces of this space but invaded the bowel cephalad to it. A high degree of suspicion aids in considering this rare tumor in the differential diagnosis and early detection may lead to improved survival.
Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is a rare condition in which cutaneous and visceral hemangiomas may coexist. Intra-abdominal involvement occurs commonly and, if untreated, may result in high-output cardiac failure and other life-threatening conditions. We report two neonates with this disease and discuss the radiographic findings and the role of vascular embolization in the treatment of hepatic hemangiomatosis.
The term congenital anomalies refers to those processes that are present before or at birth. In congenital brain anomalies these defects are usually manifested as structural abnormalities. The central nervous system (CNS) starts forming at approximately the 17th day of intrauterine life and myelination is almost completed at about the 18th month of life when the brain reaches adult characteristics. For the purpose of this article, the major CNS abnormalities are reviewed according to the time of insult, beginning with the earlier ones. This article does not attempt to be a complete review; the emphasis is on illustrating the most important CNS anomalies utilizing ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
The purpose of this report is to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of low-flow vascular malformations of the face. We studied six patients ranging in age from 1 month to 20 years old, with surgically proven or clinically certain low-flow vascular malformations of the face. T1-weighted MR images of five lesions showed homogeneous intermediate to low signal intensity, similar to the signal intensity of muscle. T1-weighted images of one lesion showed mild high signal intensity and image of another demonstrated fatty infiltration. After contrast administration, images of four lesions showed moderate to marked enhancement, three diffused and one patchy. On T2-weighted sequences, five lesions were heterogeneously of high signal and one of low signal intensity. Three lesions exhibited low-signal septa, and two revealed low-signal vascular flow voids on both types of sequences. Satellite nodules were present in three instances. Low-flow vascular malformations involving the face in children and young adults have a heterogeneous and nonspecific appearance on MR images. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all facial masses presenting in children and young adults. Enhancement with contrast material is essential to localize the mass.
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a benign, self-limited cause of lymphadenitis occurring mainly in children and young adults. Its etiology is a delicate, small gram-negative pleomorphic bacillus. Less common manifestations of CSD are seen in 5% of patients and include Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome (with enlargement of the preauricular nodes), parotid gland enlargement, encephalitis, radiculopathy, pneumonitis, erythema nodosum, thrombocytopenia, and lytic bone lesions. We describe a patient in whom magnetic resonance imaging initially detected subtle vertebral bone marrow abnormalities that correlated with the site of abnormality on a subsequent radionuclide bone scan.
We present three young African-American patients in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed dural based masses that were initially thought to represent meningiomas. Two patients underwent surgery and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. The third patient underwent a trial of steroids with considerable improvement of her symptoms. We suggest that sarcoidosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of dural-based masses which have MRI characteristics similar to those of meningiomas. The possibility of sarcoidosis should lead to appropriate laboratory tests and therapy.